CN106989131B - SMA wire split sleeve large-stroke active adjustment damper - Google Patents
SMA wire split sleeve large-stroke active adjustment damper Download PDFInfo
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- CN106989131B CN106989131B CN201710230247.6A CN201710230247A CN106989131B CN 106989131 B CN106989131 B CN 106989131B CN 201710230247 A CN201710230247 A CN 201710230247A CN 106989131 B CN106989131 B CN 106989131B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/002—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion characterised by the control method or circuitry
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/08—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other
- F16F7/082—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other and characterised by damping force adjustment means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
- F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
- F16F2224/0258—Shape-memory metals, e.g. Ni-Ti alloys
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-stroke active adjustment damper for an SMA wire split sleeve, which comprises a split sleeve, hyperelastic SMA wires, a piston, two external bolts, two damping rings and a mounting frame, wherein the split sleeve is provided with a first end and a second end; the inner wall of the split sleeve is a cylindrical surface with periodic variable diameter, the shape of the cylindrical surface is complementary with that of the outer wall of the piston, both ends of the piston are connected with external bolts for connecting the damper with other parts, two sides of the piston are respectively provided with a damping ring, and the hyperelastic SMA wire is uniformly wound on the insulating outer wall surface of the split sleeve; the damper integrates three types of damping of material damping, dry friction damping and damping ring damping of the hyperelastic memory alloy, the damping performance is improved, the structure of the periodic friction surface is utilized, so that the damper can contain multiple loading and unloading processes of the hyperelastic SMA wire in one stroke, the amplitude born by the damper is effectively increased, the functions of self-adaptive adjustment of rigidity and damping can be realized by controlling the SMA wire, the failure problem of a sealing element is avoided, the service life is long, the application range is wide, and the reliability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dampers, in particular to a large-stroke active adjustment damper of an SMA (shape memory alloy) wire split sleeve, which simultaneously absorbs external energy by utilizing the dry friction between the split sleeve and a piston contact surface and the high damping characteristic of materials such as superelasticity shape memory alloy wires and the like, thereby playing a role in vibration reduction.
Background
Shock absorption is a very common and important subject in daily life, in the engineering field and even in the aerospace field. Natural disasters such as earthquake, typhoon and the like seriously threaten the safety of human buildings, and the significance of researching how to effectively lighten the response of the buildings under the load generated by the natural disasters and improving the earthquake-resistant and wind-resistant capability is great; in the processes of automobile running, large-scale rotating machinery running and the like, the excessive vibration load threatens the life safety of drivers and operators, and inestimable loss is caused to the reputation and economic benefit of automobile and equipment manufacturers; at the moment of landing of an airplane and launching of a cannon, strong impact force is generated on the ground or a base due to the self weight of the plane and the cannon, and the plane and the cannon are easily subjected to spring plastic deformation, aging of a sealing piece, oil leakage and other problems although various shock absorbers are arranged, so that the safety and the reliability are reduced.
The existing mature damping technology comprises hydraulic damping, high-damping solid material damping, friction damping and the like, but any damper with a single principle has self defects, such as the sealing problem of the hydraulic damper, the aging problem of the high-damping solid material, the loss problem of the friction damper and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a large-stroke active adjusting damper of an SMA wire valving sleeve, which integrates three types of damping of hyperelastic memory alloy material damping, dry friction damping and damping ring damping (made of rubber viscoelastic material or metal rubber dry friction damping material), does not need a liquid damping medium, avoids series problems caused by a sealing element, can electrify the hyperelastic SMA wire, change the temperature of the hyperelastic SMA wire, further change the microstructure of the hyperelastic SMA wire, and finally change the mechanical property of the hyperelastic SMA wire to achieve the effect of adjusting the bearing rigidity and the damping of the damper.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a large-stroke active adjustment damper for an SMA wire split sleeve comprises a piston, a first split sleeve, a second split sleeve, a first damping ring, a second damping ring, a hyperelastic SMA wire, a mounting frame, a first external bolt and a second external bolt, wherein the first split sleeve and the second split sleeve are divided into two pieces, the inner wall of the split sleeve is a periodic diameter-variable cylindrical surface and is complementary to the outer wall of the piston in shape, the hyperelastic SMA wire is wound on the cylindrical surface formed by the compressed first split sleeve and the second split sleeve, two ends of the hyperelastic SMA wire are fixed through a wire clamping block, the first external bolt and the second external bolt which are respectively connected with two ends of the piston are interfaces between the damper and the outside, the first damping ring and the second damping ring are respectively arranged on two sides of the piston, after the mounting frame on the outermost layer is fixed, external vibration causes the piston to be opposite to the first split sleeve through the first external bolt and the second external bolt, The second valving sleeve moves, and energy is consumed jointly through dry friction damping between the piston and the first valving sleeve and between the piston and the second valving sleeve, damping of the first damping ring and the second damping ring, and material damping of the hyperelastic SMA wire, so that a shock absorption effect is achieved.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the piston is a periodically variable diameter cylindrical surface, the section line of the outer wall is a periodic waveform and can be a sine wave, a triangular wave or other similar structures, the outer wall of the piston is complementary to the inner walls of the first valving sleeve and the second valving sleeve, threaded holes are formed in the two end faces of the piston and are used for being connected with the first external bolt and the second external bolt, when the first damper and the second damping ring work, the piston expands the first valving sleeve and the second valving sleeve in the radial direction, and the friction of the contact surface in the process loads the hyperelastic SMA wire and generates energy dissipation effects on the first damping ring and the second damping ring.
Furthermore, after the first split sleeve and the second split sleeve are aligned, a complete cylinder structure is formed, the structure can be a semicircular structure, and the structure can be designed into a structure of a third circle, a quarter circle and the like according to different working conditions and performance requirements; first split sleeve, second split sleeve both ends root set up two stoppers and a clamp silk piece, two stoppers near semicircle split surface and the telescopic stopper amalgamation that corresponds of second half for radially following linear motion when limiting split sleeve is expanded, the clamp silk piece is located the semicircle back, it has the tangential aperture to open above, be used for pressing from both sides tight hyperelastic SMA silk, take place the axial slippage when binding for preventing hyperelastic SMA silk, can be at outer wall processing tangential antiskid groove.
Furthermore, the hyperelastic SMA wire is spirally wound on a cylindrical surface formed by the compressed first split sleeve and the compressed second split sleeve, the free end of the hyperelastic SMA wire is fixed through the wire clamping block, the two ends of the hyperelastic SMA wire are connected with the first electrode and the second electrode, the outer wall surfaces of the first split sleeve and the second split sleeve are subjected to insulation treatment, different currents can be introduced into the hyperelastic SMA wire to heat the SMA wire in the working process of the first damper and the second damper, the SMA wire is heated to generate phase change, the yield platform of the SMA wire is improved to different degrees, the constraint force of the SMA wire is increased, and therefore the variable stiffness and variable damping functions of the damper are achieved.
Furthermore, one of the first damping ring and the second damping ring is extruded when the piston moves, energy is consumed, the damping ring can be made of high-damping rubber or metal rubber materials according to working condition requirements, the hysteresis ring is full, and the shape recovery capability after deformation is strong.
Furthermore, the mounting rack is of a damper mounting and limiting structure, and the first split sleeve and the second split sleeve can be partially limited and can be unfolded outwards only along the designated direction.
Furthermore, the damper is fused with three types of damping of material damping, dry friction damping and damping ring damping (made of rubber viscoelastic materials or metal rubber dry friction damping materials) of the hyperelastic memory alloy, and by utilizing the structure of the periodic friction surface, a plurality of loading and unloading processes of the hyperelastic SMA wire can be contained in one stroke of the damper, so that the material damping of the SMA is fully utilized for energy consumption, and meanwhile, the amplitude born by the damper is effectively increased.
Furthermore, the first damper and the second damper have the function of adaptively adjusting the rigidity and the damping in different temperature environments, and the hyperelastic SMA wires can show different mechanical properties in different temperature environments, so that the first damper and the second damper have the characteristics of large damping and large rigidity in a high-temperature environment and have the characteristics of small damping and small rigidity in a low-temperature environment.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the damper adopts three energy consumption principles of hyperelastic effect, friction energy consumption and viscoelastic material energy consumption of the memory alloy, has large damping and strong energy consumption capability, can contain multiple loading and unloading processes of hyperelastic SMA wires in one stroke of the damper by utilizing the structure of the cylindrical surface with the periodically variable diameter, increases the amplitude which can be borne by the damper, and realizes the adjustability of damping and rigidity by electrifying the hyperelastic SMA.
On one hand, the superelasticity of the memory alloy means that after the temperature is higher than the austenite phase transition termination temperature and the loading stress exceeds the elastic limit to generate inelastic strain, the strain can be inelastically reduced along with the load even if the memory alloy is not heated during unloading, and the strain is recovered to zero when the stress is zero and shows a hysteresis cycle effect; on the other hand, in the working process of the damper, the SMA wires can be electrified, the temperature of the SMA wires is increased by utilizing the Joule effect, the austenite content is increased, the yield platform is raised, the binding force is increased, and the functions of adjusting the rigidity and the damping of the damper are realized; secondly, the split sleeve is bound tightly by the SMA wire and then limited by the mounting frame, only one degree of freedom is left, when vibration is transmitted to the piston and the piston is enabled to move towards one side, the split sleeve is expanded to transmit part of energy to the SMA wire, and meanwhile, the split sleeve and the piston are dislocated, rubbed and consumed, and because the split sleeve and the piston are matched through a cylindrical surface with periodically variable diameter, if the whole damper is regarded as a unit, the stress-strain curve of the unit also has a periodic interval which can be infinitely prolonged theoretically, and correspondingly, the amplitude of the damper can be increased; in addition, the material of the damping ring can be changed according to performance requirements, for example, a viscoelastic material represented by high-damping rubber, or the damping ring on one side or even two sides is replaced by a memory alloy spring, so that a link of rigidity and damping regulation is added, and the automatic resetting capability of the damper is enhanced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) compared with the common metal material, the super-elastic memory alloy has a fuller hysteresis loop, stronger energy consumption performance and larger recoverable deformation, improves the damping performance of the damper and solves a series of problems caused by plastic deformation of the metal material after long-time use;
(2) compared with the existing memory alloy damper, the damper utilizes the periodic friction surface structure, so that the damper can contain multiple loading and unloading processes of hyperelastic SMA wires in one stroke, the material damping of the SMA is fully utilized, and meanwhile, the amplitude born by the damper is effectively increased;
(3) compared with most of the existing dampers, the damper has the characteristics of large damping and large rigidity in a high-temperature environment and small damping and small rigidity in a low-temperature environment by utilizing the characteristic that the SMA wires have different mechanical properties in different temperature environments, so that the function of adaptively adjusting the rigidity and the damping in different temperature environments is realized;
(4) compared with most of the existing dampers, the damper adopts three energy consumption principles simultaneously, and has stronger damping effect and higher reliability;
(5) compared with a damper using a liquid damping medium, no sealing is needed, and a series of problems caused by sealing failure are avoided.
(6) If the damping ring is selected to be metal rubber, the damper is an all-metal damper, and the environmental corrosion resistance is far stronger than that of most of the dampers based on non-metal materials at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-view diagram of the initial state of the large-stroke active adjustment damper of the SMA wire split sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the piston structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a split sleeve construction according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the valving sleeve movement during operation of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in stress-strain curve after energizing a superelastic SMA wire according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a hysteresis loop of the large-stroke active adjusting damper of the SMA wire split sleeve of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures mean: the piston comprises a piston 1, a first split sleeve 2, a second split sleeve 3, a first damping ring 4, a second damping ring 5, a hyperelastic SMA wire 6, a mounting frame 7, a first external bolt 8, a second external bolt 9, a first electrode 10, a second electrode 11, a piston outer wall 13, a split sleeve inner wall 21, a first end face 22a, a second end face 22b, a limiting block 23, a first limiting face 24a, a second limiting face 24b, a tangential small hole 25, a wire clamping block 26, an outer wall face 27, a tangential anti-skidding groove 28, a split surface 29, a first Z-direction inner wall face 71a second Z-direction inner wall face 71b, a first Y-direction inner wall face 72a and a second Y-direction inner wall face 72 b.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples.
The invention provides a large-stroke active adjustment damper of an SMA (shape memory alloy) wire split sleeve, as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the device comprises a split sleeve divided into two parts, namely a first split sleeve 2 and a second split sleeve 3, the inner wall 21 of the split sleeve is a periodically variable-diameter cylindrical surface and is complementary with the shape of the outer wall 13 of a piston, the first split sleeve 2 and the second split sleeve 3 are jointed by a split surface 29 and are tightly bound by a superelastic SMA wire 6 in a spiral shape through the outer wall surface 27, two ends of the wire are fixed through a wire clamping block 26, a first external bolt 8 and a second external bolt 9 which are respectively connected with two ends of the piston 1 are interfaces between the damper and the outside, a first damping ring 4 and a second damping ring 5 are respectively arranged on two sides of the piston, after an outermost mounting frame 7 is fixed, external vibration respectively leads the piston 1 to be opposite to the first split sleeve 2 and the second external bolt 9, The second split sleeve 3 moves, and energy is consumed through dry friction damping between the piston and the split sleeve, damping of the damping ring and material damping of the superelastic SMA wire, so that a shock absorption effect is achieved, as shown in fig. 6.
The outer wall 13 of the piston is a cylindrical surface with a periodically variable diameter, the shape of the cylindrical surface is complementary with that of the inner wall 21 of the split sleeve, the section line of the outer wall is a periodically wavy shape, and the outer wall can be a sine wave, a triangular wave or other similar structures, and threaded holes are formed in the two end faces of the outer wall and are used for being connected with the first external bolt 8 and the second external bolt 9.
The first split sleeve 2 and the second split sleeve 3 are aligned to form a complete cylinder structure, the structure is a semi-circular structure, and the structure can be designed into a one-third circle structure, a one-fourth circle structure and the like according to different working conditions and performance requirements; the root of the split sleeve is provided with a limiting block 23 and a wire clamping block 26, the limiting block 23 is spliced with a corresponding limiting block 33 of the other half of the sleeve and is used for ensuring that the split sleeve moves along the X/X direction in the figure 4 when being expanded, the wire clamping block 26 is provided with a tangential small hole 25 which is used for clamping the free end of the hyperelastic SMA wire 6, the outer wall surface 27 of the split sleeve is subjected to insulation treatment, and due to the existence of an insulation layer, the SMA wire can be electrified to change the temperature and adjust the performance of the SMA wire. To prevent axial slippage when the SMA wires are bundled, tangential anti-slip grooves 28 may be machined in the outer wall surface.
The superelastic SMA wire 6 is spirally arranged on a cylindrical surface formed by the compressed first split sleeve 2 and the compressed second split sleeve 3, the free end of the superelastic SMA wire is fixed through the wire clamping block 26, the two ends of the superelastic SMA wire are connected with the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 11, different currents can be introduced into the superelastic SMA wire in the working process of the damper, the yielding platform of the superelastic SMA wire is lifted to different degrees, the restraining force of the superelastic SMA wire is increased, and therefore the variable stiffness and variable damping functions of the damper are achieved.
The first damping ring 4 and the second damping ring 5 can be made of high-damping rubber or metal rubber materials according to working condition requirements, hysteresis rings of the damping rings are full, and the shape recovery capability after deformation is strong.
The mounting frame 7 is a damper mounting and limiting structure, and is partially limited by the split sleeve, as shown in fig. 4, a first Z-direction inner wall surface 71a and a second Z-direction inner wall surface 71b of the mounting frame are respectively matched with the first limiting surface 24a and the second limiting surface 24b, and a first Y-direction inner wall surface 72a and a second Y-direction inner wall surface 72b of the mounting frame are respectively matched with the first end surface 22a and the second end surface 22b of the split sleeve, so that the first split sleeve 2 and the second split sleeve 3 can only be respectively outwards expanded along the X/X direction.
For the assembled damper, at the initial moment, the superelastic SMA wire 6 is in a tensioned state and is connected with a power supply through the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 11; the first split sleeve 2 and the second split sleeve 3 are aligned and attached to each other, limited by a mounting frame 7 and tightly bound in a spiral shape by the super-elastic SMA wires 6; the piston 1 is clamped, and the first damping ring 4 and the second damping ring 5 on the two sides are in an uncompressed state. When the damper works, external vibration is transmitted into the damper through the first external bolt 8 and the second external bolt 9, the piston 1 reciprocates relative to the first valving sleeve 2 and the second valving sleeve 3, after displacement is generated, the first valving sleeve 2 and the second valving sleeve 3 expand along the X/X direction respectively, a part of energy is transmitted to the SMA wire 6, in the process, the first valving sleeve 2 and the second valving sleeve 3 are dislocated with the piston 1 to generate severe friction, part of energy is absorbed, the first valving sleeve 2 and the second valving sleeve 3 are periodically expanded by the piston 1 and then tensioned by the SMA wire 6, the superelasticity SMA wire 6 is subjected to a periodical loading-unloading process to absorb part of energy, the first damping ring 4 and the second damping ring 5 are used as auxiliary structures, and the damper has the functions of improving damping, preventing the piston 1 from colliding with the first valving sleeve 2 and the second valving sleeve 3 and the like, the reliability of the damper is improved; if the working condition is changed, the characteristics of different mechanical properties of the SMA wire in different temperature environments can be utilized, and different currents are introduced to the SMA wire, so that the function of self-adaptive rigidity and damping adjustment in different temperature environments can be realized.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a SMA silk split sleeve large stroke initiative adjustment attenuator which characterized in that: the damping device comprises a piston (1), a first split sleeve (2), a second split sleeve (3), a first damping ring (4), a second damping ring (5), a hyperelastic SMA wire (6), a mounting frame (7), a first external bolt (8) and a second external bolt (9), wherein the split sleeve is divided into two parts, namely the first split sleeve (2) and the second split sleeve (3), the inner wall of the split sleeve is a periodically variable-diameter cylindrical surface which is a sine curve along the axis and is complementary with the outer wall of the piston (1), the hyperelastic SMA wire (6) is wound on the cylindrical surface formed by the compressed first split sleeve (2) and the compressed second split sleeve (3), two ends of the hyperelastic SMA wire (6) are fixed through wire clamping blocks, the first external bolt (8) and the second external bolt (9) which are respectively connected with the two ends of the piston (1) are interfaces of the damper and the outside, the two sides of the piston (1) are respectively provided with a first damping ring (4) and a second damping ring (5), the outer diameter of the first damping ring is smaller than that of the first split sleeve (2), after the outermost mounting frame (7) is fixed, external vibration causes the piston (1) to move relative to the first split sleeve (2) and the second split sleeve (3) through a first external bolt (8) and a second external bolt (9), and through dry friction damping between the piston (1) and the first split sleeve (2) and between the piston and the second split sleeve (3), the damping of the first damping ring (4) and the second damping ring (5) and the damping of the SMA wire (6) consume energy together to achieve a damping effect;
the outer wall of the piston (1) is a cylindrical surface with periodic variable diameters, the section line of the outer wall is a sinusoidal curve, the outer wall of the piston is complementary to the inner walls of the first valving sleeve (2) and the second valving sleeve (3), threaded holes are formed in two end faces of the piston and are used for being connected with a first external bolt (8) and a second external bolt (9), when the first damping ring (4) and the second damping ring (5) work, the piston (1) expands the first valving sleeve (2) and the second valving sleeve (3) in the radial direction, and in the process, friction between the piston (1) and the contact surfaces of the first valving sleeve (2) and the second valving sleeve (3) loads the hyperelastic SMA wire (6) and generates energy consumption effects on the extrusion of the first damping ring (4) and the second damping ring (5);
the first split sleeve (2) and the second split sleeve (3) are aligned to form a complete cylinder structure which is a semicircular structure; the two limiting blocks of the first split sleeve (2) and the two limiting blocks of the second split sleeve (3) are spliced together near the semicircular splitting surface and are used for limiting the split sleeve to move linearly in the radial direction when expanded, and the thread clamping blocks are positioned at the back of the semicircular surface and are provided with tangential small holes for clamping the hyperelastic SMA (6) so as to prevent the hyperelastic SMA (6) from slipping axially when bound and process tangential anti-slip grooves on the outer wall surface;
the super-elastic SMA wire (6) is spirally wound on a cylindrical surface formed by the compressed first split sleeve (2) and the compressed second split sleeve (3), the free end of the super-elastic SMA wire is fixed through a wire clamping block, the two ends of the super-elastic SMA wire are connected with a first electrode (10) and a second electrode (11), the outer wall surfaces of the first split sleeve (2) and the second split sleeve (3) are subjected to insulation treatment, different currents can be introduced into the super-elastic SMA wire (6) to heat the SMA wire in the working process of the first damping ring and the second damping ring, the SMA wire is heated to generate phase change, the yield platform of the super-elastic SMA wire is improved to different degrees, the constraint force of the SMA wire is increased, and the variable stiffness and variable damping functions of the damper are realized;
the outer diameters of the first damping ring (4) and the second damping ring (5) are smaller than the inner diameter of the first split sleeve (2), when the damper works, one of the first damping ring and the second damping ring is extruded when the piston (1) moves, energy is consumed, the damping rings are made of high-damping rubber or metal rubber materials according to working condition requirements, hysteresis rings of the damper are full, and the shape recovery capability after deformation is strong;
the mounting frame (7) is of a damper mounting and limiting structure, and the first split sleeve (2) and the second split sleeve (3) are partially limited so that the split sleeves can only be respectively outwards unfolded along the designated direction;
the damper adopts three energy consumption principles of hyperelastic effect, friction energy consumption and viscoelastic material energy consumption of memory alloy, has large damping and strong energy consumption capability, can contain multiple loading and unloading processes of hyperelastic SMA wires in one stroke of the damper by utilizing the structure of the cylindrical surface with the periodically variable diameter, increases the amplitude born by the damper, and realizes the active adjustability of damping and rigidity by electrifying the hyperelastic SMA;
on one hand, the superelasticity of the memory alloy means that after the temperature is higher than the austenite phase transition termination temperature and the loading stress exceeds the elastic limit to generate inelastic strain, the strain can be inelastically reduced along with the load even if the memory alloy is not heated during unloading, and the strain is recovered to zero when the stress is zero and shows a hysteresis cycle effect; on the other hand, in the working process of the damper, the SMA wires can be electrified, the temperature of the SMA wires is increased by utilizing the Joule effect, the austenite content is increased, the yield platform is raised, the binding force is increased, and the functions of adjusting the rigidity and the damping of the damper are realized; secondly, the split sleeve is bound tightly by the SMA wire and then limited by the mounting frame, only one degree of freedom is left, when vibration is transmitted to the piston and the piston is enabled to move towards one side, the split sleeve is expanded to transmit part of energy to the SMA wire, meanwhile, the split sleeve and the piston are dislocated, rubbed and consumed, and because the split sleeve and the piston are matched through the cylindrical surface with the periodically variable diameter, if the whole damper is regarded as a unit, the stress-strain curve of the unit also has a periodic interval which can be infinitely prolonged theoretically, and correspondingly, the damper can bear the increase of amplitude;
the damper fuses three types of damping of material damping, dry friction damping and damping ring damping of the hyperelastic memory alloy, and by means of the structure of the periodic friction surface, the damper can contain multiple loading and unloading processes of the hyperelastic SMA wire in one stroke, the material damping of the SMA is fully utilized for energy consumption, and meanwhile, the amplitude born by the damper is effectively increased.
2. The SMA wire valving sleeve large-stroke active adjustment damper of claim 1, wherein: the first split sleeve (2) and the second split sleeve (3) are aligned to form a complete cylinder structure, and the structure is designed into a one-third circle structure and a one-fourth circle structure according to different working conditions and performance requirements.
3. The SMA wire valving sleeve large-stroke active adjustment damper of claim 1, wherein: the damping rings on one side or even two sides are replaced by memory alloy springs, so that a link of rigidity and damping regulation is added, and the automatic resetting capability of the damper is enhanced;
the first damping ring and the second damping ring have the function of adaptively adjusting rigidity and damping in different temperature environments, and the first damping ring and the second damping ring have the characteristics of large damping and large rigidity in a high-temperature environment and the characteristics of small damping and small rigidity in a low-temperature environment because the superelastic SMA wire can have different mechanical characteristics in different temperature environments.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710230247.6A CN106989131B (en) | 2017-04-10 | 2017-04-10 | SMA wire split sleeve large-stroke active adjustment damper |
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| CN113237627B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-04-25 | 沈阳工业大学 | Dual-wave impact amplifier |
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