CN103264604B - Based on the historical building method for reparing carved stone of 3D technology - Google Patents
Based on the historical building method for reparing carved stone of 3D technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the restorative procedure of historical building stone carving.Based on the historical building method for reparing carved stone of 3D technology, step one: the three-dimensional data obtaining stone carving to be repaired; Step 2: according to the three-dimensional data obtained, set up the three dimensional computer modeling of stone carving to be repaired; Step 3: computer simulation reparation is carried out to three dimensional computer modeling; Step 4: the three dimensional computer modeling after repairing is carried out 3D printing, obtained stone carving model; Step 5: according to stone carving model, repairs stone carving to be repaired.The invention provides a kind of new historical building method for reparing carved stone, by the utilization of 3D technology, make the reparation of historical building stone carving more scientific, tight and accurate.Meanwhile, by the preservation of the three-dimensional data to stone carving to be repaired, record the preprosthetic state of stone carving truly, avoid the destruction being difficult to save that repair process causes because of work mistake or misoperation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to building protection recovery technique, be specifically related to the restorative procedure of historical building stone carving.
Background technology
Stone carving in historical building is abundant in content, gimmick is various, exquisite workmanship, is that characteristic feature and the important value of Chinese history building is formed.But through long weathering and artificial destruction, stone carving is often incomplete.And existing recovery technique often two dimension, plane formula, renovation technique is then extensive style, final effect, entirely with the handicraft of workman, can not ensure that all reparations are all science, tightly and accurately, the repair process of much stone carving is a kind of artificial destruction process in fact.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, provide a kind of historical building method for reparing carved stone based on 3D technology, to solve the problem.
Technical matters solved by the invention can realize by the following technical solutions:
Based on the historical building method for reparing carved stone of 3D technology, it is characterized in that,
Step one: the three-dimensional data obtaining stone carving to be repaired;
Step 2: according to the three-dimensional data obtained, set up the three dimensional computer modeling of stone carving to be repaired;
Step 3: computer simulation reparation is carried out to three dimensional computer modeling;
Step 4: the three dimensional computer modeling after repairing is carried out 3D printing, obtained stone carving model;
Step 5: according to stone carving model, repairs stone carving to be repaired.
The invention provides a kind of new historical building method for reparing carved stone, by the utilization of 3D technology, make the reparation of historical building stone carving more scientific, tight and accurate.Meanwhile, by the preservation of the three-dimensional data to stone carving to be repaired, record the preprosthetic state of stone carving truly, avoid the destruction being difficult to save that repair process causes because of work mistake or misoperation.
In order to protect historical building stone carving further, after step 5, can increase by a step, i.e. step 6: carry out protective treatment on the stone carving surface of repairing.The stone carving surface of repairing can be protected by the organosilyl mode of spraying.
In step one, the three-dimensional data of stone carving to be repaired can be obtained by the mode of 3 D laser scanning.Three-dimensional data can comprise spatial shape and the detail data of stone carving.Three-dimensional laser scanner can be adopted to carry out 3 D laser scanning.Three-dimensional laser scanner can be the pulsed three-dimensional laser scanner based on pulse, also can be the three-dimensional laser scanner based on phase differential, can also be the three-dimensional laser scanner based on range of triangle principle.Three-dimensional laser scanner mainly comprises 3D scanning system and dual camera sensor.
In step 2, the three dimensional computer modeling of stone carving to be repaired can be preserved in a computer, in this, as the foundation of follow-up reparation, and preserve as present situation data accurately.
In step 4, preferably according to moulded dimension: the ratio of full size=1:1 carries out 3D printing.For large part stone carving, the mode that scale down prints can be adopted.Using the foundation of printer model as craftsman's site operation.In step 5, repair materials adopts the material identical with the material of former stone carving.Color allows close to and slightly difference, the requirement of " far away see consistent, closely see coordination " reaching.Stone carving weathering can adopt stone flour patching to repair.The process of field repair, can using the three dimensional computer modeling of stone carving to be repaired or stone carving model as the accurate foundation of again repairing as damaged original stone carving, for remedying because the stone carving that work mistake or misoperation cause destroys.In order to make reparation more accurate, the mode of successively repairing can being adopted, by repeating step one to step 5, successively repairing.After adopting this kind of method, the three dimensional computer modeling after being repaired by adjacent twice simulation of comparison, can obtain the accuracy that this layer is repaired.
Also passable, in step 4, according to moulded dimension: the ratio of full size=1:1 carries out 3D printing, obtained stone carving model, can will repair part according to moulded dimension: the ratio that full size is less than or equal to 98:100 carries out 3D printing, the obtained repairing model repairing part; In step 5, repairing model is pasted onto on stone carving to be repaired, according to stone carving model, surface treatment is carried out to repairing model, complete the reparation to stone carving to be repaired.The material object of reparation part is less than fact damaged part, can there is space therebetween, and space is filled by bonding agent, decorative material or other auxiliary material.
3D print system printer model can be used.3D print system is provided with at least two containers and two corresponding spray equipments, accommodates magnesium phosphate cement as material container in containers described at least one, containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide in described magnesium phosphate cement;
The spray equipment connected is as material spray equipment; Accommodate water in containers described at least one, as water receptacle, the spray equipment connected is as water spray equipment;
First on print platform, spray the magnesium phosphate cement in one deck material container, formed one material bed, then the cross section structure of printing objects sprays water as required, magnesium phosphate cement meets water after-hardening, after sclerosis, the magnesium phosphate cement powder do not reacted with water is removed, required model can be obtained.
The water-soluble aobvious acidity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the water-soluble aobvious alkalescence of magnesium oxide, the hydration reaction of magnesium phosphate cement is the acid-base neutralization reaction based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium oxide.When after magnesium phosphate cement and water mix, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in magnesium phosphate cement is first soluble in water, and will ionize rapidly generation H+ and PO43-, makes solution be faintly acid; Under mildly acidic conditions, MgO dissolving generation Mg2+, dissolves and Mg2+ and K+, the PO43-be diffused in liquid phase reacts rapidly generation unbodied magnesium-potassium phosphate complex compound hydrated gel, i.e. phosphate hydrated product MgKPO4.6H2O.Along with the carrying out of reaction, product is crystallization gradually.
Because magnesium oxide in system is superfluous, the product of precipitation just covers mgo surface, forms one deck hydrated product film and magnesia particle is closely connected to one.Along with the continuation of reaction, K+ and PO43-in solution progressively penetrates into MgO particle surface through hydrated product film, forms more hydrated product, and crystallization produces volumetric expansion and causes hydrated product film rupture.MgO is exposed to again in acid solution, and hydration reaction speed is accelerated again, generates a large amount of hydrated products.Along with being on the increase of hyrate, each other contact and adhesion make magnesium phosphate cement slurry become one with MgO particle be framework, the crystalline texture net that is main binding material with phosphate hyrate, thus make magnesium phosphate cement be hardened to the hardenite of very strong mechanical performance.
In described magnesium phosphate cement, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is preferably technical grade, and purity is 99.8%; Magnesium oxide purity is preferably 85%.First, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax are processed 12h with drying facility drying respectively, and temperature is 50 DEG C; Dried potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax are crossed 150 μm of square hole screens respectively, ensures that screen over-size is no more than 10%; The potassium dihydrogen phosphate processed and borax are deposited separately under sealing, dry condition, and each component coordinates can be prepared into magnesium phosphate cement by proper proportion.
Also containing borax in described magnesium phosphate cement, borax is preferably as technical grade, and purity is 95%.Borax is the conventional retardant of magnesium phosphate cement, borax dissolves the B4O72-rapid adsorption of generation to MgO particle surface, form one deck based on the hydrated product layer of B4O72-and Mg2+, hinder the dissolving of MgO and the contact of K+, PO43-and MgO particle, reach the object to magnesium phosphate cement slow setting.
The repairing model of stone carving model, reparation part, all can adopt lamination layer structure, and described lamination layer structure comprises model internal layer, model is outer.Like this, described ectonexine separately, just can reduce the requirement to internal layer material, and model internal layer just can the lower cheap material of use cost.Thus can maintenance cost be reduced.Can by the outer field mode of model internal layer sticker model printed, the repairing model of obtained stone carving model, reparation part.The outer field material of model is preferably identical with the outer field material of stone carving.
The slurry formed to prevent magnesium phosphate cement and water uncured completely before be out of shape, print platform is a box-like print platform, and the opening of described box-like print platform is towards spray equipment.
In repair, conveniently operate, three-dimensional laser scanner connects computing machine, and computing machine connects 3D print system.Such spatial digitizer, computing machine, 3D print system just can share a CPU, reduce the total cost of system.Also facilitate on-site working simultaneously.
Embodiment
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, setting forth the present invention further below.
Based on the historical building method for reparing carved stone of 3D technology, step one: the three-dimensional data obtaining stone carving to be repaired.The three-dimensional data of stone carving to be repaired can be obtained by the mode of 3 D laser scanning.Three-dimensional data can comprise spatial shape and the detail data of stone carving.Three-dimensional laser scanner can be adopted to carry out 3 D laser scanning.Three-dimensional laser scanner can be the pulsed three-dimensional laser scanner based on pulse, also can be the three-dimensional laser scanner based on phase differential, can also be the three-dimensional laser scanner based on range of triangle principle.Three-dimensional laser scanner mainly comprises 3D scanning system and dual camera sensor.
Step 2: according to the three-dimensional data obtained, set up the three dimensional computer modeling of stone carving to be repaired.The three dimensional computer modeling of stone carving to be repaired can be preserved in a computer, in this, as the foundation of follow-up reparation, and preserve as present situation data accurately.
Step 3: computer simulation reparation is carried out to three dimensional computer modeling.Can by the research to the details of the three dimensional computer modeling of stone carving to be repaired, the contrast of stone carving of the same type, the guidance of experienced technology craftsman, simulates the state after stone carving reparation in a computer, and please historical relic's protection be expounded through peer review, determine embodiment.Can present situation be kept to recovery according to insufficient stone carving, will not repair.
Step 4: the three dimensional computer modeling after repairing is carried out 3D printing, obtained stone carving model.Preferably according to moulded dimension: the ratio of full size=1:1 carries out 3D printing.For large part stone carving, the mode that scale down prints can be adopted.Using the foundation of printer model as craftsman's site operation.
Step 5: according to stone carving model, repairs stone carving to be repaired.The reparation of on-the-spot craftsman should be carried out in strict accordance with stone carving model, and materials and process adopts the materials and process of former stone carving as far as possible.Color allows close to and slightly difference, the requirement of " far away see consistent, closely see coordination " reaching.Stone carving weathering adopts stone flour to repair.The process of field repair, can using the three dimensional computer modeling of stone carving to be repaired or stone carving model as the accurate foundation of again repairing as damaged original stone carving, for remedying because the stone carving that work mistake or misoperation cause destroys.
In order to make reparation more accurate, the mode of successively repairing can being adopted, by repeating step one to step 5, successively repairing.After adopting this kind of method, the three dimensional computer modeling after being repaired by adjacent twice simulation of comparison, can obtain the accuracy that this layer is repaired.
In order to protect historical building stone carving further, after step 5, can increase by a step, i.e. step 6: carry out protective treatment on the stone carving surface of repairing.Stone carving surface adopts the protective material that water white transparency, hydrophobic are ventilative, as organosilicon etc.
In step 4, the three dimensional computer modeling after reparation is carried out 3D printing, while obtained stone carving model, part can be repaired according to moulded dimension: the ratio that full size is less than or equal to 98:100 carries out 3D printing, the repairing model of obtained reparation part.In step 5, make in the ratio of 1:1 the material object repairing part according to repairing model, the material object of reparation part is pasted on stone carving to be repaired, according to stone carving model, surface treatment is carried out to reparation part, complete the reparation to stone carving to be repaired.Also directly repairing model can be pasted on stone carving to be repaired, according to stone carving model, surface treatment be carried out to reparation part, complete the reparation to stone carving to be repaired.The material object of reparation part is less than fact damaged part, can there is space therebetween, and space is filled by bonding agent, decorative material or other auxiliary material.
The repairing model of stone carving model, reparation part, all can adopt lamination layer structure, and lamination layer structure comprises model internal layer, model is outer.Like this, ectonexine separately, just can reduce the requirement to internal layer material, and model internal layer just can the lower cheap material of use cost.Thus can maintenance cost be reduced.Can by the outer field mode of model internal layer sticker model printed, the repairing model of obtained stone carving model, reparation part.The outer field material of model is preferably identical with the outer field material of stone carving.
3D print system printer model can be used.3D print system is provided with at least two containers and two corresponding spray equipments, accommodates magnesium phosphate cement as material container at least one containers, containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide in magnesium phosphate cement;
The spray equipment connected is as material spray equipment; Accommodate water at least one containers, as water receptacle, the spray equipment connected is as water spray equipment;
First on print platform, spray the magnesium phosphate cement in one deck material container, formed one material bed, then the cross section structure of printing objects sprays water as required, magnesium phosphate cement meets water after-hardening, after sclerosis, the magnesium phosphate cement powder do not reacted with water is removed, required model can be obtained.
The water-soluble aobvious acidity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the water-soluble aobvious alkalescence of magnesium oxide, the hydration reaction of magnesium phosphate cement is the acid-base neutralization reaction based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium oxide.When after magnesium phosphate cement and water mix, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in magnesium phosphate cement is first soluble in water, and will ionize rapidly generation H+ and PO43-, makes solution be faintly acid; Under mildly acidic conditions, MgO dissolving generation Mg2+, dissolves and Mg2+ and K+, the PO43-be diffused in liquid phase reacts rapidly generation unbodied magnesium-potassium phosphate complex compound hydrated gel, i.e. phosphate hydrated product MgKPO4.6H2O.Along with the carrying out of reaction, product is crystallization gradually.
Because magnesium oxide in system is superfluous, the product of precipitation just covers mgo surface, forms one deck hydrated product film and magnesia particle is closely connected to one.Along with the continuation of reaction, K+ and PO43-in solution progressively penetrates into MgO particle surface through hydrated product film, forms more hydrated product, and crystallization produces volumetric expansion and causes hydrated product film rupture.MgO is exposed to again in acid solution, and hydration reaction speed is accelerated again, generates a large amount of hydrated products.Along with being on the increase of hyrate, each other contact and adhesion make magnesium phosphate cement slurry become one with MgO particle be framework, the crystalline texture net that is main binding material with phosphate hyrate, thus make magnesium phosphate cement be hardened to the hardenite of very strong mechanical performance.
In magnesium phosphate cement, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is preferably technical grade, and purity is 99.8%; Magnesium oxide purity is preferably 85%.First, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax are processed 12h with drying facility drying respectively, and temperature is 50 DEG C; Dried potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax are crossed 150 μm of square hole screens respectively, ensures that screen over-size is no more than 10%; The potassium dihydrogen phosphate processed and borax are deposited separately under sealing, dry condition, and each component coordinates can be prepared into magnesium phosphate cement by proper proportion.
Also containing borax in magnesium phosphate cement, borax is preferably as technical grade, and purity is 95%.Borax is the conventional retardant of magnesium phosphate cement, borax dissolves the B4O72-rapid adsorption of generation to MgO particle surface, form one deck based on the hydrated product layer of B4O72-and Mg2+, hinder the dissolving of MgO and the contact of K+, PO43-and MgO particle, reach the object to magnesium phosphate cement slow setting.
The slurry formed to prevent magnesium phosphate cement and water uncured completely before be out of shape, print platform is a box-like print platform, and the opening of box-like print platform is towards spray equipment.
In repair, conveniently operate, three-dimensional laser scanner connects computing machine, and computing machine connects 3D print system.Such spatial digitizer, computing machine, 3D print system just can share a CPU, reduce the total cost of system.Also facilitate on-site working simultaneously.
More than show and describe ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1., based on the historical building method for reparing carved stone of 3D technology, it is characterized in that,
Step one: the three-dimensional data obtaining stone carving to be repaired;
Step 2: according to the three-dimensional data obtained, set up the three dimensional computer modeling of stone carving to be repaired;
Step 3: computer simulation reparation is carried out to three dimensional computer modeling;
Step 4: the three dimensional computer modeling after repairing is carried out 3D printing, obtained stone carving model;
Step 5: according to stone carving model, repairs stone carving to be repaired;
In step 4, according to moulded dimension: the ratio 3D of full size=1:1 prints stone carving model, in step 5, repair materials adopts the material identical with the material of former stone carving;
Adopting the mode of successively repairing, by repeating step one to step 5, successively repairing;
Use 3D print system printer model;
3D print system is provided with at least two containers and two corresponding spray equipments, accommodates magnesium phosphate cement as material container in containers described at least one, containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide in described magnesium phosphate cement;
The spray equipment connected is as material spray equipment; Accommodate water in containers described at least one, as water receptacle, the spray equipment connected is as water spray equipment;
First on print platform, spray the magnesium phosphate cement in one deck material container, formed one material bed, then the cross section structure of printing objects sprays water as required, magnesium phosphate cement meets water after-hardening, after sclerosis, the magnesium phosphate cement powder do not reacted with water is removed, required model can be obtained.
2. the historical building method for reparing carved stone based on 3D technology according to claim 1, be is characterized in that: in step one, is obtained the three-dimensional data of stone carving to be repaired by the mode of 3 D laser scanning.
3. the historical building method for reparing carved stone based on 3D technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 5, and stone carving weathering adopts stone flour patching to repair.
4. the historical building method for reparing carved stone based on 3D technology as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: step 6: carry out protective treatment on the stone carving surface of repairing.
5. the historical building method for reparing carved stone based on 3D technology according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the stone carving surface of reparation is protected by the organosilyl mode of spraying.
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| BE1027849B1 (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-07-13 | Monument Vandekerckhove Nv | PROCEDURE BASED ON ANASTYLOSE FOR THE RESTORATION OF NATURAL STONE ELEMENTS |
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Address after: 201306, room 333, No. 303-77, West Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai Applicant after: Shanghai Jianwei Building Renovation Engineering Co., Ltd. Address before: 201702, Qingpu District, Shanghai, Shanghai Qing Ping highway 1362, 1, 1, A District, room 114 Applicant before: Shanghai Jianwei Building Renovation Engineering Co., Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20180716 Address after: 201306 room 303-77, 333 West Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai Patentee after: Shanghai was established as Polytron Technologies Inc Address before: 201306 room 303-77, 333 West Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai Patentee before: Shanghai Jianwei Building Renovation Engineering Co., Ltd. |