CN103263414A - 2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用 - Google Patents
2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了化学结构式I所示的2,2′-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)对人宫颈癌细胞(Hela细胞)、人肝癌细胞(Bel 7402细胞)、人肺腺癌细胞(A549细胞)等具有良好的抑制活性,在制备抗人宫颈癌、人肝癌、人肺腺癌药物中应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化合物的新应用,具体是2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
背景技术
双苯并咪唑衍生物在医药、化学化工和生物学等诸多领域具有广泛的应用[J Appl Sur Sci,2006,252(23):8178]。在医药领域,双苯并咪唑类化合物在抗癌、抗真菌、镇痛消炎、抗风湿等方面有很重要的药用价值,如APC-6336对HCV NS3/NS4酶的活性有较好的抑制作用[JBioorg Med Chem Lett,2001,11(17):2355]。双(5-脒基-2-苯并咪唑)甲烷能有效抑制丝氨酸蛋白酶的活性[J Mol Biol,1999,292(3):669],对恶性肿瘤也有一定疗效[J Med Chem,1993,36(12):1746]。由于特殊的结构,双(取代苯并咪唑)甲烷衍生物在有机合成以及络合催化等方面也有潜在的应用前景[Eur J Med Chem.2009,44,2002]。Juan J.Ferreiro et al描述了2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的合成及其应用[J Polymer sci:Part A:Polymer Chem.2008,46,7566-7577]:
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)新化合物。本发明的目的还在于提供所述2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备方法。
本发明的2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)具有如下化学结构式:
I
所述2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)3,4-二氨基苯甲酸溶解于非质子极性溶剂中,油浴加热至一定温度,滴加对苯二甲醛的非质子极性溶剂溶液,滴毕,搅拌一定时间;
(2)向反应体系中加入氧化剂,继续搅拌反应一定时间;
(3)将反应液倾入乙醇中,过滤,干燥得浅棕色固体。
所述2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备方法,其特征在于非质子极性溶剂选自四氢呋喃、乙腈、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜中的一种或几种。
所述2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中一定温度是50~80℃。所述2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备方法,其特征在于步骤步骤(1)中搅拌一定时间是0.5小时~2.0小时;步骤(2)中搅拌一定时间是10分钟~6小时。
所述2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备方法,其特征在于氧化剂选自硝酸铈铵、双氧水、三氯化铁、乙酸铜、二乙酸碘苯、空气、氧气、苯醌、二氯二氰苯醌、3-硝基-4-氨基苯甲酸、3-氨基-4-硝基苯甲酸中的一种或几种。
本发明制备方法按如下化学反应式进行:
所述2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
1)2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)是一种新化合物。
2)制备2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的方法新颖:采用3,4-二氨基苯甲酸与对苯二甲醛反应生成2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(2,3-二氢苯并咪唑-5-羧酸),使用氧化剂氧化得2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸);控制原料和氧化剂加入方式,避免了副产物5-羧基-2-(4-羧基苯基)苯并咪唑的生成。
3)制备方法中采用3-硝基-4-氨基苯甲酸、3-氨基-4-硝基苯甲酸做氧化剂,氧化剂本身还原成为3,4-二氨基苯甲酸,后者是制备2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的原料。原料利用率高,绿色环保。
4)制备方法中采用硝酸铈铵和双氧水做复合氧化剂。硝酸铈铵和双氧水复合氧化过程如下:
硝酸铈铵和双氧水复合氧化工艺中,(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6氧化2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(2,3-二氢苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)生成2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸);其本身被还原为Ce(NO3)3。双氧水将Ce(NO3)3又氧化成(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6;新生成的(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6将2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(2,3-二氢苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)氧化成2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸);依次循环,完成氧化过程。在复合氧化工艺中,硝酸铈铵是实际上的氧化剂,使用量少。消耗的双氧水起的作用是将Ce(NO3)3氧化成(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6,双氧水氧化的副产物是水。该复合氧化工艺反应条件温和、反应时间短、后处理简单、产率高和对环境友好等优点。
5)制备方法中采用三氯化铁和氧气做复合氧化剂。三氯化铁和氧气复合氧化过程如下:
三氯化铁氧化2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(2,3-二氢苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)生成2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸);其本身被还原为二氯化铁。氧气将二氯化铁又氧化成三氯化铁;新生成的三氯化铁将2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(2,3-二氢苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)氧化成2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸);依次循环,完成氧化过程。在复合氧化工艺中,实际上的氧化剂是三氯化铁,使用量少。氧气起的作用是将二氯化铁氧化成三氯化铁。该复合氧化工艺反应条件温和、后处理简单和对环境友好等优点。
6)2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)具有抗肿瘤活性,在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
具体实施方式
以下实施例旨在说明本发明而不是对本发明的进一步限定。
实施例1
2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备
12.4mmol 3,4-二氨基苯甲酸,10mL二甲亚砜,油浴加热,升温至80℃,滴加6.2mmol对苯二甲醛的二甲亚砜溶液,搅拌反应2.0h,向反应体系中加入4.2mmol 3-硝基-4-氨基苯甲酸,继续搅拌反应2.0h;反应液倾入80mL乙醇中,静置,过滤,干燥得浅棕色固体,收率94.6%,mp.≥300℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),δ:7.84~8.29(m,6H,2×C6H3),8.41(s,4H,C6H4),12.78(s,2H,2×NH),13.40(s,2H,2×CO2H);IR(KBr,cm-1)υ:3367(宽峰,O-H,N-H),3212(Ph-H),1677,1624(C=O,C=N),1543(Ph),1322,1306,1016,963(Ph)。回收3,4-二氨基苯甲酸做原料使用。
实施例2
2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备
12.4mmol 3,4-二氨基苯甲酸,10mL乙腈,油浴加热,升温至80℃,滴加6.2mmol对苯二甲醛乙腈溶液,搅拌反应1.5h,向反应体系中加入4.2mmol 3-氨基-4-硝基苯甲酸,继续搅拌反应2.0h;反应液倾入80mL乙醇中,静置,过滤,干燥得浅棕色固体,收率94.3%,mp.≥300℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),δ:7.84~8.29(m,6H,2×C6H3),8.41(s,4H,C6H4),12.78(s,2H,2×NH),13.40(s,2H,2×CO2H);IR(KBr,cm-1)υ:3367(宽峰,O-H,N-H),3212(Ph-H),1677,1624(C=O,C=N),1543(Ph),1322,1306,1016,963(Ph)。回收3,4-二氨基苯甲酸做原料使用。
实施例3
2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备(硝酸铈铵-双氧水复合氧化法)
12.4mmol3,4-二氨基苯甲酸,10mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,油浴加热,升温至80℃,滴加6.2mmol对苯二甲醛N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,搅拌反应1h,降温至60℃,向反应体系中加入0.67g硝酸铈铵、5mL 30%的双氧水,继续搅拌反应20min;反应液倾入80mL乙醇中,静置,过滤,干燥得2.34g浅棕色固体,收率94.7%,mp.≥300℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),δ:7.84~8.29(m,6H,2×C6H3),8.41(s,4H,C6H4),12.78(s,2H,2×NH),13.40(s,2H, 2×CO2H);IR(KBr,cm-1)υ:3367(宽峰,O-H,N-H),3212(Ph-H),1677,1624(C=O,C=N),1543(Ph),1322,1306,1016,963(Ph)。
实施例4
2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备(三氯化铁-氧气复合氧化法)
12.4mmol 3,4-二氨基苯甲酸,10mL四氢呋喃,油浴加热,升温至50℃,滴加6.2mmol对苯二甲醛四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌反应0.5h,加入0.5g三氯化铁、通氧气或空气,继续搅拌反应6小时;反应液倾入80mL乙醇中,静置,过滤,干燥得浅棕色固体,收率93.5%,mp.≥300℃。 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),δ:7.84~8.29(m,6H,2×C6H3),8.41(s,4H,C6H4),12.78(s,2H,2×NH),13.40(s,2H,2×CO2H);IR(KBr,cm-1)υ:3367(宽峰,O-H,N-H),3212(Ph-H),1677,1624(C=O,C=N),1543(Ph),1322,1306,1016,963(Ph)。
实施例5
2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)的制备
12.4mmol 3,4-二氨基苯甲酸,10mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮,油浴加热,升温至60℃,滴加6.2mmol对苯二甲醛N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液,搅拌反应1.5h,向反应体系中加入12.4mmol二氯二氰苯醌,继续搅拌反应30min;反应液倾入80mL乙醇中,静置,过滤,干燥得浅棕色固体,收率95.0%,mp.≥300℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),δ:7.84~8.29(m,6H,2×C6H3),8.41(s,4H,C6H4),12.78(s,2H,2×NH),13.40(s,2H,2×CO2H);IR(KBr,cm-1)υ:3367(宽峰,O-H,N-H),3212(Ph-H),1677,1624(C=O,C=N),1543(Ph),1322,1306,1016,963(Ph)。
实施例6
抗肿瘤活性
1.抗肿瘤活性原理
MTT法生物活性测试又称MTT比色法,是一种检测细胞存活和生长的方法。MTT分析法以活细胞代谢物还原剂噻唑蓝[3-(4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑)-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑;3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,MTT]为基础。MTT是一种能接受氢原子的染料。活细胞线粒体中与NADP相关的脱氢酶在细胞内可将黄色的MTT转化成不溶性的蓝紫色的甲瓒(formazon),而死细胞则无此功能。用DMSO溶解formazon后,在一定波长下用酶标仪测定光密度值,既可定量测出细胞的存活率。根据光密度值的变化观察样品对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。
2.抗肿瘤活性实验
试样:2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)。
细胞系:宫颈癌细胞系Hela;肝癌细胞系Bel 7402;人肺腺癌细胞系A549(中南大学湘雅医学院细胞库提供)。
试剂:噻唑蓝(MTT)、RPMI 1640培养液、新生牛血清、抗生素(美国英杰生命技术公司);胰酶(美国AMRESCO公司);96孔培养板(美国英杰生命技术公司);二甲基亚砜(美国Sigma公司)。
仪器:HFsafe-1500型超净工作台、HF151UV型CO2培养箱(上海力申科学仪器有限公司);XSP-15C型倒置显微镜(上海长方光学仪器有限公司);Multiskan MK3型酶标仪(美国Thermo公司);超纯水制备仪(美国Milli-Q公司)。
实验操作:试样对于Hela细胞、Bel 7402细胞和A549细胞的测试。每种细胞的实验操作过程相同,一次实验过程中,每种试样设置5个浓度梯度(0.025μmol/mL、0.05μmol/mL、0.1μmol/mL、0.25μmol/mL和0.5μmol/mL),每个浓度四个平行试样,每组实验平行3次,并通过空白组对照得出结论。酶标仪检测各孔OD值,检测波长570nm。
3.抗肿瘤活性评价
1)细胞抑制率计算:
2)IC50值计算
试样浓度对数值与细胞抑制率线性回归,利用软件计算试样对细胞的半数抑制浓度IC50值。2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)对于Hela细胞、Bel 7402细胞和A549细胞的IC50分别为0.278μmol/mL,0.278μmol/mL和0.265μmol/mL。
测试结果显示,被测试的2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)二(苯并咪唑-5-羧酸)对于人宫颈癌细胞(Hela细胞)、人肝癌细胞(Bel 7402细胞)、人肺腺癌细胞(A549细胞)等具有良好的抑制活性,可用于制备抗肿瘤药物。
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