Organic culture substrate and the production method thereof of utilizing cow dung slag, sludge composting to produce
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Solid Cultivation substrates and production method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of organic culture substrate and production method thereof of utilizing cow dung slag, sludge composting to produce.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of facilities horticulture, cultivation technique without soil and hole plate seedling growth technology, just in big area, apply on a large scale, have greatly promoted research, the development and application of Solid Cultivation substrates.In soilless culture, with water planting, to compare, solid substrate training facility is simple, cost of investment is low, uses very general.China is the facilities horticulture big country ranked first in the world, and the facilities horticulture cultivated area is at 2,000,000 hm
2above, but according to incompletely statistics, national soilless culture area is l070hm only
2, proportion is very low, and Japanese soilless culture area accounts for more than 20% of greenhouse area, and the states such as Holland account for more than 90% of greenhouse area, so the development of China's soilless culture still has very large space.The growth momentum of soilless culture has in recent years also illustrated this point, and big area development soilless culture especially is applicable to the development of the soilless culture substrate of China's national situation, needs a large amount of safety, high-quality, Solid Cultivation substrates easy to use.
The quality of cultivation matrix plays a very important role the quality of breeding of seedling, and the research of matrix is the basic and crucial of substrate culture.At present, generally the matrix of application is the peat composed of rotten mosses and rock wool, but the excavation of natural turfy soil has formed serious threat to wetland and forest ecological environment, causes the destruction of the ecosystem; And the rock wool non-degradable, life-time service can cause serious environmental pollution, and the domestic rock wool of China generally is unsuitable for non-soil culture, and import rock wool cost is too high, and therefore, countries in the world are all at the surrogate of seeking the peat composed of rotten mosses and rock wool.In recent years, people utilize agricultural organic waste to be used as seedling medium, as brid guano, sawdust, coir etc., but due to the appearance of the problems such as these agricultural organic waste stable chemical natures are poor, salinity is high, organic matter is low, cation exchange capacity (CEC) is poor and the high rate of emergence caused of pollutant load is low, speed of germination slow, seedling is not strong, burning seedling, thereby uncomfortable cooperation seedling medium.As 200910229209.4,200410065450.5,200910116210.6.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cow dung slag that utilizes, the organic culture substrate that sludge composting is produced and production method thereof (or claim: a kind of cow dung slag that utilizes, sludge composting is produced the method for organic culture substrate), make it possible to a large amount of SOLID ORGANIC cultivation matrixes that meet plant growth of producing, overcome existing soilless culture substrate welding, stable chemical nature is poor, salinity is high, organic low, thereby the problem that the poor impact of cation exchange capacity (CEC) is grown seedlings, and can widen the recycling approach of cow dung slag and sludge composting, realize the recycling of waste, to promote the development of organic culture substrate plant husbandry
.
To achieve these goals, this cow dung slag that utilizes of the present invention, the organic culture substrate that sludge composting is produced, its formula forms the raw material that comprises following weight part: as the cow dung slag 80-85 of major ingredient, sludge composting 15-20, the solid cow dung slag of the flushing sewage that described cow dung slag is scaled cattle farms after solid-liquid separation, described sludge composting refers to mix the sludge composting after compost fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed with municipal sludge with the useless bacterium slag of culturing edible fungus, described cow dung slag directly mixes Hou Jiandui by above-mentioned weight ratio with sludge composting and carries out aerobic fermentation, get 50% fermentation materials (being the product after aerobic fermentation) after aerobic fermentation finishes and carry out fragmentation, weight ratio in macrobead fermentation materials and small-particle fermentation materials after fragmentation is 1.3: the ratio of 1-1.2, mix and can be made into this organic culture substrate (or get small-particle fermentation materials after 50% fragmentation directly with the large granular materials of fragmentation not, mix and make this organic culture substrate), wherein said small-particle fermentation materials refers to after the screen cloth of break process and 2mm * 2mm mesh sieves, by what can pass through 2mm * 2mm mesh, it is the small-particle fermentation materials, can not by 2mm * 2mm mesh or size be greater than 2mm * 2mm for the macrobead fermentation materials.
Described sludge composting refers to that water content is 25 ± 2% by municipal sludge with after the airing of making thinner useless bacterium slag mixes the fertile fermentation of laggard windrow by the equal-volume ratio and forms, the heap body of described sludge composting is to adopt the high 1.6m of heap, the slot type heap body of piling wide 6m carries out compost fermentation, in composting fermentation process, turning every day once, after 12h, material is carried out to forced ventilation 1h after turning every day, ventilation is 50mLL simultaneously
-1min
-1, guarantee its aerobic fermentation, after the 24d that continuously ferments, complete.
Described solid cow dung slag after the solid-liquid separating machine that to refer to through the mesh size specification be 0.25 mm of the solid cow dung slag after solid-liquid separation separates.
This method of utilizing cow dung slag, sludge composting to produce organic culture substrate of the present invention is characterized in that the method comprising the steps of as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: by weight being the ratio of cow dung slag: sludge composting=80-85:15-20, the cow dung slag is mixed with sludge composting, the solid cow dung slag of the flushing sewage that described cow dung slag is scaled cattle farms after solid-liquid separation, described sludge composting is to mix the mud fertilizer after compost fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed with municipal sludge with the useless bacterium slag of culturing edible fungus, the problems such as the purpose of adding sludge composting is to avoid using merely the cow dung slag to cause the material fermentation bad, and the organic culture substrate unit weight of production is too little, porosity is too large;
2., build the heap fermentation: the cow dung slag of step 1 is directly mixed to Hou Jiandui by above-mentioned weight ratio with sludge composting and carry out aerobic fermentation, this is built heap fermentation and refers to and build up heap height 1.2m, upper wide 1.4m, the trapezoidal heap body of bottom width 1.6m (building up cross section is that trapezoidal heap body carries out aerobic fermentation), after building heap, temperature starts to continue to climb, after the temperature of piling center mixture rises to 60-65 ℃, carry out turning for the first time, after this every 3d turning 1 time, continuing fermentation 25-35d, after the temperature of Dai Dui center cow dung slag and sludge composting mixture is down to 35-45 ℃, fermentation ends obtains fermentation materials,
3., the broken mixing: the fermentation materials after step 2 aerobic fermentation is finished (being the product after aerobic fermentation) is got 50% and is carried out fragmentation, weight ratio in macrobead fermentation materials and small-particle fermentation materials after fragmentation is 1.3: the ratio of 1-1.2, mix and can be made into this organic culture substrate (or get small-particle fermentation materials after 50% fragmentation directly with the macrobead fermentation materials of fragmentation not, mix and make this organic culture substrate), wherein said small-particle fermentation materials refers to after the screen cloth of break process and 2mm * 2mm mesh sieves, by what can pass through 2mm * 2mm mesh, it is the small-particle fermentation materials, can not by 2mm * 2mm mesh or size be greater than 2mm * 2mm for the macrobead fermentation materials.
The above-mentioned technical characterictic that the present invention utilizes cow dung slag, sludge composting to produce the method for organic culture substrate can further be specially:
One, wherein said sludge composting refers to that water content is 25 ± 2% by municipal sludge with after the airing of making thinner useless bacterium slag stirs by equal-volume and makes its water content is that the fertile fermentation maturities of 55 ± 2% laggard windrow form, the heap body of described sludge composting is to adopt the high 1.6m of heap, the slot type heap body of piling wide 6m carries out compost fermentation, in composting fermentation process, turning every day once, after 12h, material is carried out to forced ventilation 1h after turning every day, ventilation is 50mLL simultaneously
-1min
-1, guarantee its aerobic fermentation, complete after the 24d that continuously ferments that (its physicochemical character of this sludge composting is roughly: unit weight 0.66 gcm
-3, organic 57.2%, N content 1.41%, P
2o
5content 2.57%, K
2o content 2.51%, specific conductivity 5.87 mScm
-1).
Two, described solid cow dung slag after the solid-liquid separating machine that to refer to through the mesh size specification be 0.25 mm of the solid cow dung slag after solid-liquid separation separates.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention:
1, organic culture substrate of the present invention is to take the cow dung slag as main raw material, is aided with after sludge composting is adjusted granular size, voidage, unit weight after piling rotten fermentation to make.Because solid cow dung slag is that scaled cattle farms rinses the solid cow dung slag of sewage after solid-liquid separating machine separates, its main component is ox feed undecomposed stalk after abdomen, the materials such as robust fibre, have organic high, unit weight is low, sedimentation is high, after the washing of salt lease making, content is lower, nutrient is moderate, the advantages such as heavy metal content is low, therefore the organic culture substrate gone out as main material production also has salinity and heavy metal content is low, organic, unit weight, the physico-chemical properties such as voidage comparatively approach the peat composed of rotten mosses, simultaneously owing to having added sludge composting, the appropriate nutrient that as cultivation matrix, can provide plant growth to need.
2, cow dung slag, sludge composting all belong to waste, wide material sources, use it as the raw material production organic culture substrate, not only to solve utilization of waste as resource, environmental contamination reduction, and reduced the production cost of organic culture substrate, can effectively promote the development of China's solid substrate cultivation industry.
The present invention utilizes the production method of a kind of organic culture substrate of cow dung slag, sludge composting production, take cow dung slag and sludge composting as main raw material, without drying treatment, directly builds the heap fermentation; The technique that adopts macrobead to mix with small-particle to the fermentation materials after fragmentation, the fine particle of increase organic culture substrate, reduce unit weight, increases tiny hole, increases the saturated aqueous rate of organic culture substrate.The even particle size of the material after collocation is stirred distributes, and unit weight is reasonable, and physicochemical character is more excellent, and the contained N of organic culture substrate of the present invention, P, K are not less than respectively 1.2%, 0.57%, 0.69%.(N, P
2o
5, K
2o is not less than respectively 1.2%, 1.3%, 0.83%).Because cow dung slag source is different, can before production, be detected by N, P, the K content to the cow dung slag, with the usage quantity of determining that the cow dung slag is most economical, and guarantee that contained N, P, the K of product reaches These parameters.
In a word, the present invention utilizes cow dung slag, sludge composting to produce organic culture substrate, can utilize rationally and effectively these waste resources, and can greatly reduce soilless culture production cost and operational administrative difficulty, improve and improve the yield and quality of the ornamental plants such as vegetables and flowers, reach waste ' s reclamation simultaneously, improve environment, produce significant economy, society and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Now this organic culture substrate and the production method thereof of cow dung slag, sludge composting production utilized of the present invention is described in further detail in conjunction with the embodiments.
This cow dung slag that utilizes of the present invention, the organic culture substrate that sludge composting is produced, its formula forms the raw material that comprises following weight part: as the cow dung slag 80-85 of major ingredient, sludge composting 15-20, the solid cow dung slag of the flushing sewage that described cow dung slag is scaled cattle farms after solid-liquid separation, described sludge composting refers to mix the sludge composting after compost fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed with municipal sludge with the useless bacterium slag of culturing edible fungus, described cow dung slag directly mixes Hou Jiandui by above-mentioned weight ratio with sludge composting and carries out aerobic fermentation, get 50% fermentation materials (being the product after aerobic fermentation) after aerobic fermentation finishes and carry out fragmentation, weight ratio in macrobead fermentation materials and small-particle fermentation materials after fragmentation is 1.3: the ratio of 1-1.2, mix and can be made into this organic culture substrate (or get small-particle fermentation materials after 50% fragmentation directly with the macrobead fermentation materials of fragmentation not, mix and make this organic culture substrate), wherein said small-particle fermentation materials refers to after the screen cloth of break process and 2mm * 2mm mesh sieves, by what can pass through 2mm * 2mm mesh, it is the small-particle fermentation materials, can not by 2mm * 2mm mesh or size be greater than 2mm * 2mm for the macrobead fermentation materials.
Described sludge composting refers to that water content is 25 ± 2% by municipal sludge with after the airing of making thinner useless bacterium slag mixes the fertile fermentation of laggard windrow by the equal-volume ratio and forms, the heap body of described sludge composting is to adopt the high 1.6m of heap, the slot type heap body of piling wide 6m carries out compost fermentation, adopt turning every day of chain-plate type stack turner in composting fermentation process once, after 12h, material is carried out to forced ventilation 1h after turning every day, ventilation is 50mLL simultaneously
-1min
-1, guarantee its aerobic fermentation, after the 24d that continuously ferments, complete.
Described solid cow dung slag after the solid-liquid separating machine that to refer to through the mesh size specification be 0.25 mm of the solid cow dung slag after solid-liquid separation separates.
This method of utilizing cow dung slag, sludge composting to produce organic culture substrate of the present invention is characterized in that the method comprising the steps of as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: by weight being the ratio of cow dung slag: sludge composting=80-85:15-20, the cow dung slag is mixed with sludge composting, the solid cow dung slag of the flushing sewage that described cow dung slag is scaled cattle farms after solid-liquid separation, described sludge composting is to mix the sludge composting after compost fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed with municipal sludge with the useless bacterium slag of culturing edible fungus, the problems such as the purpose of adding sludge composting is to avoid using merely the cow dung slag to cause the material fermentation bad, and the organic culture substrate unit weight of production is too little, porosity is too large;
2., build the heap fermentation: the cow dung slag of step 1 is directly mixed to Hou Jiandui by above-mentioned weight ratio with sludge composting and carry out aerobic fermentation, this is built heap fermentation and refers to and build up heap height 1.2m, upper wide 1.4m, the trapezoidal heap body of bottom width 1.6m (building up cross section is that trapezoidal heap body carries out aerobic fermentation), after building heap, temperature starts to continue to climb, after the temperature of piling center mixture rises to 60-65 ℃, carry out turning for the first time, after this every 3d turning 1 time, continuing fermentation 25-35d, after the temperature of Dai Dui center cow dung slag and sludge composting mixture is down to 35-45 ℃, fermentation ends obtains fermentation materials,
3., the broken mixing: the fermentation materials after step 2 aerobic fermentation is finished (being the product after aerobic fermentation) is got 50% and is carried out fragmentation, weight ratio in macrobead fermentation materials and small-particle fermentation materials after fragmentation is 1.3: the ratio of 1-1.2, mix and can be made into this organic culture substrate (or get small-particle fermentation materials after 50% fragmentation directly with the macrobead fermentation materials of fragmentation not, mix and make this organic culture substrate), wherein said small-particle fermentation materials refers to after the screen cloth of break process and 2mm * 2mm mesh sieves, by what can pass through 2mm * 2mm mesh, it is the small-particle fermentation materials, can not by 2mm * 2mm mesh or size be greater than 2mm * 2mm for the macrobead fermentation materials.
The fermentation materials (being the product after aerobic fermentation) of wherein getting 50% left and right carries out the fine particle that broken purpose is the increase organic culture substrate, reduces unit weight, increases tiny hole, increases the saturated aqueous rate of organic culture substrate.The even particle size of the material after the collocation mix and blend distributes, and unit weight is reasonable, and physicochemical character is more excellent, and after measured, the physicochemical character of this organic culture substrate is: unit weight 0.19 gcm
-3, organic 87.9.7%, N content 0.99%, P
2o
5content 1.02%, K
2o content 0.91%, specific conductivity 1.83mScm
-1.
The above-mentioned technical characterictic that the present invention utilizes cow dung slag, sludge composting to produce the method for organic culture substrate can further be specially:
One, wherein said sludge composting refers to that water content is 25 ± 2% by municipal sludge with after the airing of making thinner useless bacterium slag stirs by equal-volume and makes its water content is that the fertile fermentation maturities of 55 ± 2% laggard windrow form, the heap body of described sludge composting is to adopt the high 1.6m of heap, the slot type heap body of piling wide 6m carries out compost fermentation, adopt turning every day of chain-plate type stack turner in composting fermentation process once, after 12h, material is carried out to forced ventilation 1h after turning every day, ventilation is 50mLL simultaneously
-1min
-1, guarantee its aerobic fermentation, complete after the 24d that continuously ferments that (its physicochemical character of the sludge composting after this fermentation maturity is roughly: unit weight 0.66 gcm
-3, organic 57.2%, N content 1.41%, P
2o
5content 2.57%, K
2o content 2.51%, specific conductivity 5.87 mScm
-1, the raw material that can be used as organic culture substrate is used).
Two, described solid cow dung slag after the solid-liquid separating machine that to refer to through the mesh size specification be 0.25 mm of the solid cow dung slag after solid-liquid separation separates.
Why the present invention utilizes the cow dung slag, sludge composting is produced the method for organic culture substrate, wherein cow dung slag used is that scaled cattle farms rinses the solid cow dung slag of sewage after solid-liquid separating machine (solid-liquid separating machine mesh size specification is 0.25 mm) separates, ox is ruminating animal, its feed be take roughage as main, therefore its main component of solid cow dung slag after separating is undecomposed stalk in the ox feed, the materials such as robust fibre, have organic high, unit weight is low, sedimentation is high, after the washing of salt lease making, content is lower, the advantages such as nutrient is moderate, can meet the basic demand of producing organic culture substrate, its physicochemical character is generally: unit weight 0.08 gcm
-3, organic 93.2%, N content 0.68%, P
2o
5content 0.56%, K
2o content 0.30%, specific conductivity 0.43 mScm
-1, the raw material that is suitable as organic culture substrate is used.