CN103252893A - 用于飞机机身的铆接装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种结构的至少两个部件的铆接装置-针对HI-LITE型铆钉的前端(25),该前端用于将轴环(13)自动安装在之前插入该结构中的销(11)上。所述前端(25)包括:轴环安装工具(31,31’);至所述轴环安装工具(31,31’)的轴环供给装置(41,45,55);工具致动装置(35);在螺纹连接操作期间线性或直线位移的装置;轴环(13)的第二部分(17)的收回装置(57,45);控制装置,该控制装置被设置为采用所述工具(31,31’)和适合于所述销(11)的轴环(13),自动进行轴环(13)在销(11)上的安装,并且在此之后,进行轴环(13)的所述第二部分(17)的收回。本发明还涉及具有作为末端执行器的所述前端(25)的机器人和铆接飞机机身的两个部件的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于连接诸如飞机机身之类的结构的部件的铆接装置和方法,并且更具体地,涉及用于将轴环自动安装在由复合材料制成的飞机机身中的销上的铆接装置和方法。
背景技术
在用来组装由复合材料(优选地碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)、金属材料或它们的混合组合)制成的飞机结构的连接方法中,公知的是采用带有滑动调整的短螺纹铆钉(如由Hi Shear公司制造的HI-LITE铆钉)的铆接方法。
专为航空航天工业研发的这些铆钉由螺纹销和螺母或轴环构成,螺纹销的前端可以是突出的或有埋头孔的,所述螺母或轴环通过使它的一部分断开而限制所施加的扭矩。在诸如必须采用大量铆钉将机身蒙皮与各种内部加强元件(机架,纵梁,横梁)连接在一起的机身之类的封闭结构的情况中,通过在气动工具的辅助下手动执行轴环在之前从机身的外面插入的销上的安装。
这种铆接工艺包括下述基本步骤:
-操作人员分布在随机区域中,用于并行工作。轴环安装顺序不重要。
-向每个操作人员提供他将需要的轴环(预先存放在单独的箱子中,用于每个访问)。
-针对每个具体的销,选择对应的轴环,采用气动或电动工具,通过1/2-3/4转转动,进行轴环在销上的手动螺纹连接操作,进行轴环的完全紧固,直到它的一部分断开。
-最后,通过摇晃或震动从气动或电动工具中手动取出轴环的断开部分。
气动或电动工具的前端是相对简单的并且因此尺寸小。它由中心六角形销和窝槽构成,中心六角形销在固定定位块中保持销的旋转,该前端通过窝槽施加扭矩至六角形前端轴环。一旦它达到对应于所采用的轴环的断裂点的扭矩,则分离体部或残料保持留在窝槽中。轻微的摇晃足以分离它。这种工艺是费力的且具有高劳动强度、增加飞机制造成本的缺点。此外,操作人员有时必须采取不符合人机工程学的位置用于轴环安装操作。
本发明旨在解决这些问题。
发明内容
本发明的目标是,特别地,在具有低的可接近区域的诸如飞机机身之类的大型结构中,自动进行轴环在结构的至少两个部件的铆接系统的销上的安装,轴环具有被设计为连接至所述销的第一部分和用于控制施加至轴环的扭矩的第二部分,第二部分通过脆弱区域与第一部分分开,脆弱区域被设计为在所述扭矩达到预定值时断开。
在一个方面中,这些和其它目标是通过铆接装置的前端实现的,该前端包括:至少轴环安装工具;至所述轴环安装工具的轴环供给装置;工具致动装置;在螺纹连接操作期间线性或直线位移的装置;轴环的第二部分的收回装置;控制装置,该控制装置被设置为采用所述工具和适合所述销中的每一个的轴环,自动进行轴环在销上的安装,并且在此之后,进行轴环的所述第二部分的收回。
在本发明的实施方式中,前端还包括人造视觉装置该人造视觉装置适于进行销的位置和方位的识别,以便能够相对于所述销恰当地定位所述前端。从而实现在销的位置不可用时具有可用的销识别能力的前端。
在本发明的实施方式中,前端还包括用于去除残留在所述销上的任何密封材料的清洁装置。从而实现能够在将轴环安装在所述销上之前进行所述销的清洁的前端。
在本发明的实施方式中,所述工具致动装置包括电动或气动马达。从而实现具有工具致动装置的前端,该工具致动装置具有与在用于将轴环安装在销上的手动程序中使用的工具类型的性能。
在本发明的实施方式中,前端还包括连接至轴环安装工具的真空管道。从而实现能够保持轴环的前端,这允许将轴环有效地安装在销上。
在本发明的实施方式中,所述轴环供给装置和所述收回装置包括连接至轴环存放处的轴环供给管道、连接至残料储藏处的抽吸管道、位于轴环安装工具和轴环供给管道或抽吸管道之间的活动臂、以及连接至活动臂的真空管道。从而实现能够有效地向轴环安装工具运送安装在所述销上所需的轴环和从轴环上有效地分离出分离部分的前端。
在本发明的实施方式中,所述活动臂的致动装置为旋转致动器和线性致动器。从而实现具有适于将轴环提供至轴环安装工具和从轴环安装工具中分离轴环的分离部分的臂的前端。
在本发明的实施方式中,所述轴环安装工具是从直线工具和有角工具中选择的,直线工具的致动端与工具致动装置沿相同的轴线,有角工具的致动端沿相对于所述工具致动装置的轴线移位的轴线,并且所述前端被设置为使得所述活动臂能够到达两种轴环安装工具的致动端。从而实现具有两个可互换工具的前端,其中直线工具将用来将轴环安装在容易接近的销上,并且有角工具将用来将轴环安装在直线工具不能接近的销上。
在本发明的实施方式中,该前端被配置有适于不同尺寸的轴环的、包括一个轴环安装工具和一个工具致动装置的至少两个可互换组件。从而实现用于有效地管理所涉及的宽范围的轴环的模块化前端。
在另一个方面中,上述目标是由一机器人实现的,该机器人包括铰接臂和控制装置,该铰接臂具有作为末端执行器的上述前端,该控制装置被设置为用于将末端执行器置于由轴环安装工具到达所述销的位置处。
在本发明的实施方式中,所述机器人用在飞机机身的一段中。从而实现适合将轴环自动安装在结构中的销上,在结构中不容易接近所述销。
在本发明的实施方式中,该结构的被铆接的部件由复合材料制成,并且所述销在没有过盈的情况下被插入该结构中。从而实现适合将轴环自动安装在销上的装置,其中所述销的轴线相对于垂直于机身蒙皮的轴线存在某种偏离。
在另一个方面中,上述目标是由包括下述步骤的方法实现的:a)从外面将所述销插入所述飞机机身中;b)采用上述机器人从内部将所述轴环安装在所述销上。
在该方法的实施方式中,步骤a)是采用用于插入所述销的自动化装置进行的,该自动化装置能够提供它们的位置的坐标,并且其中在步骤b)中,所述坐标由所述机器人的控制装置用来将前端置于由轴环安装工具到达所述销的位置处。
根据本发明随后的详细描述和随附权利要求,结合附图,本发明的其它可期望的特征和特性将变得明显。
附图说明
图1a-1e示意性地示出用于采用HI-LITE型铆钉将轴环手动安装在销上的操作顺序。
图2a和2b分别地示出销上的螺纹轴环和在去除收回部分之后安装在销上的轴环。
图3为根据本发明的用于轴环的自动安装的机器人的透视图。
图4为所述机器的末端执行器的详图。
图5a和5b图示用于向末端执行器的直线工具供给轴环的操作顺序。
图6a和6b图示用于向末端执行器的有角工具供给轴环的操作顺序。
图7示出可以被配置为具有直线工具或有角工具的末端执行器。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出将轴环13安装在一结构10中的HI-LITE型铆钉的销11上的手动工艺的典型步骤。
在第一步骤(图1a)中,以滑动方式,即没有过盈,将销11插入结构10中。
在第二步骤(图1b)中,手动进行轴环13的(小尺寸的)第一螺纹在销11上的螺纹连接。
在第三步骤(图1c)中,准备工具7(类似于阿伦六角扳手(Allen wrench))用于执行将轴环13安装在销11上的最后步骤。该工具包括致动端,该致动端包括中心六角棒8和窝槽9,中心六角棒8保持固定并与在销11的端部处的孔12协作锁定销11的旋转,窝槽9用于在轴环13的前端施加扭矩,用于将轴环13拧在销11。
在第四步骤(图1d)中,图示采用上述工具7将扭矩施加至轴环13的过程。
在第五步骤(图1e)中,示出最终结果。在达到预定扭矩,轴环13的第二部分17断开并保持留在工具7中。轻微的摇动足以分离它。
图2a和2b分别详细地图示第四和四五步骤的最终状态。
本发明的目标集中在自动进行轴环在诸如飞机的机身的一段之类的结构中的所述销上的、将在其通过采用安装平台进行的组装工艺期间执行的安装操作。
所述销可以被手动或通过自动化系统插入机身,该自动化系统可以与轴环的自动安装协调一致。在两种情况中,应当将所述销插入垂直于机身的表面的孔中以确保合适的销方位。
在本发明的实施例中,上述自动化是通过机器人21(参见图3)实现的,机器人21具有铰接臂23,站立在铰接臂23的端部处的是作为末端执行器的前端25,前端25具有用于将轴环安装在之前插入机身中的销上的装置,该装置适于沿着机身安装平台移动以相对于每个销恰当地定位末端执行器25,从而继续进行轴环安装。
我们现在将更详细地描述该装置的主要部件。
机器人
机器人21作为活动装置设置在机身的安装平台上,以便它可以接近用于将轴环13安装在销11上的目标区域。在到达目标位置之后,机器人21驱动臂23以将它的末端执行器25与轴环13应当安装在其上的销11对准。
末端执行器
在本发明的在图4中图示的实施方式中,末端执行器25的部件是下述部件:
-用于安装轴环的、连接至连接接口33的工具。在图4中示出的是连接至所述连接接口33的有角工具31’,但也可以采用直线工具31,如我们稍后将看到的那样。所述工具31、31’的致动端具有类似于上述工具7的致动端的结构(用于阻挡销11的旋转的中心六角棒8和用于向轴环13施加扭矩的窝槽9)。
-作为工具31、31’的致动装置的电动或气动马达35。
-连接至工具31、31’的、将轴环保持在工具31、31’上的真空管道39。
-用于将轴环13供给至工具31,31’的装置,该装置包括一个或更多个供给管道41(取决于所采用的轴环的涉及数量);轴环供给管道41的分配凸缘43;用于向工具31,31’供给轴环的L形臂45;用于L形臂45的线性致动器47;用于L形臂45的包括主轴马达49、传动带51和导向杆53的旋转致动器,以及用于L形臂45的真空管道55。
-在螺纹连接操作期间线性移位的装置(图4中未示出)。这些装置可以移动任一个工具31,31’或马达部件35-工具31,31,或者甚至整个末端执行器25。在后一种情况中,机器人21可以用作致动器。在其它情况中,电动致动器、气动致动器或弹簧可以用作致动器。
-用于去除轴环13的第二部分17的、包括抽吸管道57的收回装置。
-人造视觉装置59。
该末端执行器25的操作示意性地如下。一旦根据采用人造视觉装置59定位其上应当安装轴环13的销11,并且一旦末端执行器25相对于销11恰当地定位,则轴环供给装置将适合销11的轴环13放入臂45中,臂45通过结合线性运动(向下箭头F1)和旋转运动(箭头F2)将轴环13载送至工具31’,通过真空效应将轴环13转移到工具31’。随后,工具31’将轴环13安装在销11上,去除装置将轴环13的在最后安装阶段脱离的第二部分17载送至残料容器。
用于致动工具31,31’的电动或气动马达35共用于不同类型的工具31,31’(直线的或有角的)和不同尺寸的轴环13。它可以具有用于使其性能适应每个轴环13的尺寸的控制装置。连接接口33允许在电动马达35和工具31,31’之间进行气动和机械连接。
直线工具31或有角工具31’的选择取决于销11的位置。
末端执行器25与机器人21的最后自由度的旋转轴线同轴。
机器人21还包括用采用合适的工具连接到其上的隔板(通常叫做自动工具转换装置),该隔板用于储存所使用的不同类型的工具,将由所述轴环供给装置使用的不同的轴环、和多余的材料。
图5a和5b示出将轴环13运动到直线工具31的顺序。在图5a中,可以看到臂45如何从轴环供给管道41上获取轴环13,在图5b中,可以看到如何将轴环13从臂45转移至工具31。
图6a和6b示出将轴环运送至有角工具31’的顺序。
直线工具和有角工具31,31’之间的互换性要求直线工具31的轴线和有角工具31’的轴线在臂45的回转半径内。
机器人的位移的控制
理想地,必须在安装平台中制备机身,以便机器人21可以利用在用于设计机身的CAD系统中可用的、关于其内部几何形状的信息和之前通过手动或自动化系统插入的所述销的位置(相对于设计中指定的位置存在更大或更小的误差容限)二者。
根据该信息和由其传感器系统提供的信息,可以对机器人21的运动进行编程以优化轴环13在销11上的安装操作的执行。
虽然已经连续多种实施方式描述了本发明,但将会理解,根据说明书,其中元件的组合、变形或改进可以被执行并在本发明的范围内。
Claims (15)
1.一种结构的至少两个部件的铆接装置的前端(25),该前端用于将轴环(13)安装在之前插入该结构中的销(11)上,所述轴环(13)具有被设计为连接至所述销(11)的第一部分(15)和通过脆弱区域与所述第一部分(15)分开的第二部分(17),所述脆弱区域被设计为在施加至轴环(13)的扭矩达到预定值时断开,其特征在于,该前端包括:
至少轴环安装工具(31,31’);
至所述轴环安装工具(31,31’)的轴环供给装置(41,45,55);
工具致动装置(35);
在螺纹连接操作期间线性或直线位移的装置;
轴环(13)的第二部分(17)的收回装置(57,45);
控制装置,该控制装置被设置为采用所述工具(31,31’)和适合于所述销(11)的轴环(13),自动进行轴环(13)在销(11)上的安装,并且在此之后,进行轴环(13)的所述第二部分(17)的收回。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铆接装置的前端(25),还包括人造视觉装置(59),该人造视觉装置适于进行销(11)的位置和方位的识别,以便能够相对于所述销(11)恰当地定位所述前端(25)。
3.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的铆接装置的前端(25),还包括用于去除残留在所述销(11)上的任何密封材料的清洁装置。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的铆接装置的前端(25),还包括连接至轴环安装工具(31,31’)的真空管道(39)。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的铆接装置的前端(25),其中所述轴环供给装置(41,45,55)和所述收回装置(57,45)包括:
连接至轴环存放处的轴环供给管道(41);
连接至残料储藏处的抽吸管道(57);
位于轴环安装工具(31,31’)和轴环供给管道(41)或抽吸管道(57)之间的活动臂(45);
连接至活动臂(45)的真空管道(55)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的铆接装置的前端(25),其中所述活动臂(45)的致动装置包括旋转致动器(49,51)和线性致动器(47)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的铆接装置的前端(25),其中:
所述轴环安装工具(31,31’)是从直线工具(31)和有角工具(31’)中选择的,直线工具(31)的致动端与工具致动装置(35)沿相同的轴线,有角工具(31’)的致动端沿相对于所述工具致动装置(35)的轴线移位的轴线;
所述前端(25)被设置为使得所述活动臂(45)能够到达两种轴环安装工具(31,31’)的致动端。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的铆接装置的前端(25),其中该前端被配置有适于不同尺寸范围的轴环(13)的、包括一个轴环安装工具和一个工具致动装置的至少两个预定的可互换组件。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的铆接装置的前端(25),其中所述工具致动装置(35)为电动马达或气动马达。
10.一种机器人(21),该机器人用于铆接结构的至少两个部件,用于将轴环(13)安装在之前插入该结构中的销(11)上,所述轴环(13)具有被设计为连接至所述销(11)的第一部分(15)和通过脆弱区域与所述第一部分(15)分开的第二部分(17),所述脆弱区域被设计为在施加至轴环(13)的扭矩达到预定值时断开,其特征在于,该机器人包括铰接臂(23)和控制装置,该铰接臂具有作为末端执行器的根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的前端(25),该控制装置被设置为用于将末端执行器置于适于由轴环安装工具(31,31’)到达所述销(11)的位置处。
11.根据权利要求10所述的机器人(21),其中所述结构为飞机机身的一段。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的机器人(21),其中该结构的被铆接的部件由复合材料制成,以及所述销(11)在没有过盈的情况下被插入该结构中。
13.一种采用铆钉铆接飞机机身的至少两个部件的方法,该铆钉包括销(11)和协作的轴环(13),该轴环(13)具有第一部分(15)和通过脆弱区域与所述第一部分(15)分开的第二部分(17),所述第一部分(15)被设计为连接至所述销(11),所述第二部分(17)用于控制施加至轴环(13)的扭矩,所述脆弱区域被设计为在所述扭矩达到预定值时断开,其特征在于,该方法包括下述步骤:
a)从外面将所述销(11)插入所述飞机机身中;
b)采用根据权利要求10所述的机器人(21)从内部将所述轴环(13)安装在所述销(11)上。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中步骤a)是采用用于插入所述销(11)的自动化装置进行的,该自动化装置能够提供所述销(11)的位置的坐标,并且其中在步骤b)中,所述坐标由所述机器人(21)的控制装置用来将末端执行器(25)置于适于由轴环安装工具(31,31’)到达所述销(11)的位置处。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其中该结构的被铆接的部件由复合材料制成,以及所述销(11)在没有过盈的情况下被插入飞机机身中。
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CN (1) | CN103252893B (zh) |
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RU (1) | RU2616477C2 (zh) |
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CN117021599A (zh) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-11-10 | 江苏宁美新能源有限公司 | 电池板压铆装置以及压铆方法 |
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CN106457575B (zh) * | 2014-06-02 | 2019-06-04 | 库卡系统有限责任公司 | 插塞安装装置 |
CN106457575A (zh) * | 2014-06-02 | 2017-02-22 | 库卡系统有限责任公司 | 插塞安装装置 |
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CN107073556B (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2019-09-17 | Ba装配及转钥系统有限公司 | 带有操纵器臂的操纵器 |
CN107073556A (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-08-18 | Ba装配及转钥系统有限公司 | 带有操纵器臂的操纵器 |
CN105314126A (zh) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-02-10 | 波音公司 | 两阶段铆接 |
US10792728B2 (en) | 2014-07-09 | 2020-10-06 | The Boeing Company | Two-stage fastener installation |
CN111498138A (zh) * | 2014-07-09 | 2020-08-07 | 波音公司 | 用于沿着机身组件的外部来执行操作的移动平台 |
CN105314126B (zh) * | 2014-07-09 | 2019-10-25 | 波音公司 | 两阶段铆接 |
CN107000031B (zh) * | 2014-09-15 | 2020-05-08 | 布勒特耶自动控制设备有限责任公司 | 用于将锁环旋拧到螺纹销上的方法 |
CN107000031A (zh) * | 2014-09-15 | 2017-08-01 | 布勒特耶自动控制设备有限责任公司 | 用于将锁环旋拧到螺纹销上的方法 |
CN108698115A (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2018-10-23 | 布勒特耶自动控制设备有限责任公司 | 用于铆接装置的末端执行器 |
CN108698115B (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2021-07-06 | 布勒特耶自动控制设备有限责任公司 | 用于铆接装置的末端执行器 |
CN105458148A (zh) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-06 | 爱彼思(苏州)自动化科技有限公司 | 一种适合台阶位置的铆压机 |
CN105499467B (zh) * | 2015-12-15 | 2018-08-10 | 新沂市港发商贸有限公司 | 用于台阶位置铆压的铆压机 |
CN105499467A (zh) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-20 | 爱彼思(苏州)自动化科技有限公司 | 用于台阶位置铆压的铆压机 |
CN105921989B (zh) * | 2016-06-01 | 2018-11-09 | 重庆延锋安道拓汽车部件系统有限公司 | 一种自动拧紧装置 |
CN105921989A (zh) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-09-07 | 重庆延锋江森汽车部件系统有限公司 | 一种自动拧紧装置 |
CN106426175B (zh) * | 2016-11-08 | 2019-08-30 | 北京中科万盛智能装备科技有限公司 | 高锁螺栓自动螺接机器人及其末端执行器 |
CN106426175A (zh) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-02-22 | 北京中科万盛智能装备科技有限公司 | 高锁螺栓自动螺接机器人及其末端执行器 |
CN110270824A (zh) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-24 | 波音公司 | 偏置紧固件安装系统 |
CN110355768A (zh) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-22 | 南京涵曦月自动化科技有限公司 | 一种复杂狭窄舱内结构探测清除作业机器人 |
CN110355768B (zh) * | 2019-07-30 | 2020-07-31 | 南京涵曦月自动化科技有限公司 | 一种复杂狭窄舱内结构探测清除作业机器人 |
CN117021599A (zh) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-11-10 | 江苏宁美新能源有限公司 | 电池板压铆装置以及压铆方法 |
CN117021599B (zh) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-12-08 | 江苏宁美新能源有限公司 | 电池板压铆装置以及压铆方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2628565B1 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
RU2616477C2 (ru) | 2017-04-17 |
RU2013106798A (ru) | 2014-08-20 |
CN103252893B (zh) | 2016-12-28 |
EP2628565A1 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
US20130212883A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
ES2547501T3 (es) | 2015-10-06 |
US9296076B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 |
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