CN103250059B - 用于安装悬置监测装置的设备 - Google Patents

用于安装悬置监测装置的设备 Download PDF

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CN103250059B
CN103250059B CN201180039166.9A CN201180039166A CN103250059B CN 103250059 B CN103250059 B CN 103250059B CN 201180039166 A CN201180039166 A CN 201180039166A CN 103250059 B CN103250059 B CN 103250059B
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current
equipment
monitoring device
circuit
electric
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CN103250059A (zh
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B·W·麦克比
G·J·哈恩斯根
J·F·班廷
W·J·考斯托尔尼
B·C·克齐兰
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Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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Cooper Technologies Co
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28Current transformers
    • H01F38/30Constructions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/18Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
    • G01R15/183Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers using transformers with a magnetic core
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/06Mounting, supporting or suspending transformers, reactors or choke coils not being of the signal type
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/20Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
    • G01R1/22Tong testers acting as secondary windings of current transformers

Abstract

提供一种固定到电导体并从电导体集电的设备,包括变流器和夹持机构,变流器包括芯部和电绕组,电绕组接收由电导体上存在的交变电流产生的磁通所感应出的电流,夹持机构将设备附连到电导体。根据各方面,设备可包括封围用于监测电导体状态的电路的壳体,其中该电路包括一个或多个传感器和无线通信电路。

Description

用于安装悬置监测装置的设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年8月10日提交的题为"MountingMethodsforOverheadDevice"的美国临时申请第61/372,360的权益,其全部内容以参见的方式纳入本文。本申请涉及2007年11月2日提交的题为“CommunicatingFaultedCircuitIndicatorApparatusandMethodofUseThereof”的美国专利申请第11/982,588号;2011年8月9日提交的题为“ApparatusandMethodforMountinganOverheadMonitoringDevice”的美国专利申请第_____号[律师案卷号第13682.118195号];以及2011年8月9日提交的题为“ApparatusandMethodforMountinganOverheadMonitoringDevice”的美国申请第_____号[律师案卷号第13682.118218号]。在此以参见的方式完全引入前述优先权和相关申请中每一个的完整内容。
技术领域
本发明总体涉及输电线监测装置,将输电线监测装置稳固地固定到输电线,并通过与输电线感应耦合来为输电线监测装置供电。
背景
现代电力分配系统包括多个独立装置,这些独立装置测量和控制来自发电设备的电力分配以计量接入点通常,“传输系统”从发电设备向变电站输电,且“分配系统”将发出的电从变电站分配到终端。传输和分配系统可各包括测量、监测和/或控制电力流量的一个或多个“监测装置”。例如,监测装置可包括用于测量、监测和/或控制传输或分配系统的输电线导体上电力流量的故障电路指示器(“FCI”)、电流传感器、和/或电压传感器。
理想的是将由监测装置测量的信息通信到诸如自动计量基础设施(AMI)的远程设备,在该处该信息可与由其它监测设备测量的信息一起进行分析。为此,监测装置可包括无线通信的无线电设备,例如以无线通信测量的信息。因此,监测装置需要电源向与无线通信相关的电路供电。但是,当放置在分配系统的导体上时,电源通常不可用于监测装置。向监测装置供电的常规方法涉及使用寿命有限、不可靠且昂贵的电池或太阳能电池。电池具有有限电力且不能提供输电线上监测装置所需的持续电力。太阳能电池可在存储设备中充电,但由于污染、天气、雪和其它因素而不可靠。
此外,监测装置应当包括即使在整个日历年度变化的环境条件下也能可靠地附连到输电线的装置。此外,理想的是监测装置构造成其可由现场技术人员固定到输电线而无需使输电线断电,从而使电气服务分配的中断最少。
因此,该领域需要改进的监测装置,其具有可靠地固定到输电线的装置并还包括适当的电源。
发明内容
提供一种固定到电导体并从电导体集电的设备,包括变流器和夹持机构,变流器包括芯部和电绕组,电绕组接收由电导体上存在的交变电流产生的磁通所感应出的电流,夹持机构将设备附连到电导体。根据各方面,设备可包括封围用于监测电导体状态的电路的壳体,其中该电路包括一个或多个传感器和无线通信电路。
在其它各方面,设备可包括构造成将所感应出的电流转换成能量进行储存以供传感器和无线通信电路消耗的电路,以及变流器,该变流器包括可分开地与设备成一体以或与夹持机构成一体的第一和第二磁芯部分。该设备还可包括一个或多个弹簧以将第一和第二磁芯部分弹性偏置到关闭位置;以及夹子,该夹子将第一和第二部分固定到锁定位置。在各替代方面,设备可包括调节杆,该调节杆附连到变流器的第一和第二部分,调节杆形成为基于调节杆的转动打开和关闭变流器。在其它各方面,设备可包括线夹或固定杆,该线夹包括夹臂。
在其它各方面提供一种用于从电导体集电的设备,包括:变流器,该变流器包括芯部,该芯部接收由于电导体上存在的交变电流产生的感应磁通;夹持机构,该夹持机构附连到电导体;以及壳体,该壳体包括封围监测电导体的状态的电路的腔,其中电路包括一个或多个传感器和指示器。在其它各方面,设备可包括电池;其中变流器还包括电绕组,该电绕组接收由电导体上存在的交变电流产生的磁通所感应出的电流;以及电路还包括构造成将所感应出的电流转换成能量进行存储以供一个或多个传感器和指示器消耗的电路。
在其它各方面提供一种用于从电导体集电的设备,包括:变流器,该变流器包括芯部和接收由电导体上存在的交变电流产生的磁通所感应出的电流的绕组;夹持机构,该夹持机构附连到电导体;壳体,该壳体包括腔;以及电路,该电路设置在腔内并监测电导体的状态,该电路包括将所感应出的电流转换成能量以存储在电池内供一个或多个传感器和指示器消耗的电路。
附图的简要描述
为了更完整地理解本发明及其优点,现参照下文结合以下简要说明附图的描述:
图1是根据本发明实施例的监测装置的框图;
图2A是根据本发明实施例处于打开位置的监测装置的俯视图;
图2B是根据本发明实施例处于关闭位置的监测装置的俯视图;
图2C是根据本发明实施例的监测装置的仰视图;
图3A是根据本发明实施例的监测装置的仰视图;
图3B示出根据本发明实施例的监测装置的侧视图;
图4示出根据本发明各方面的变流器夹子。
图5A是根据本发明实施例的监测装置的俯视图;
图5B是根据本发明实施例的监测装置的仰视图;
图6是根据本发明实施例的监测装置的立体图;以及
图7是根据本发明实施例的监测装置的立体图。
详细描述
本发明涉及一种可方便固定到输电线而无需中断或影响输电线整体性的监测装置。根据本发明,包括经由来自输电线的磁通量获取能量的变流器(“CT”)的监测装置固定到输电线。与CT关联的电路将由CT获取的能量转化成可由一个或多个电路和装置使用的能量。例如,该能量可为一个或多个微控制器、传感器、无线通信装置和/或其它电路和装置供电。
监测装置的一个或多个传感器监测和收集与输电线相关的信息。例如,传感器可收集关于输电线上电流、输电线上的电压、输电线的温度的信息和/或关于输电线上是否存在振动的信息。在本发明的各实施例中,一个或多个无线通信装置将所收集信息的至少一部分通信到远程位置。例如,该信息可通信到与输电线和/或监测装置关联的中央公共事业公司的自动计量基础设施(“AMI”)。
一方面,与监测装置关联的电路可包括当输电线监测装置固定到输电线时与输电线电耦合的接地参考点。因此,本发明的各实施例可包括经由与输电线的耦合而使监测装置与接地参考点耦合。在该实施例中,监测装置和监测装置的相关电路保持作为接地或基准电压的输电线的电势。因而,围绕监测装置存在大致相等或均匀的电场。与不具有相等和均匀电场的监测装置相比,依赖于输电线作为接地或基准电压的监测装置能够以降低的噪声和干扰进行无线通信。
在将监测装置固定到输电线之前,监测装置的电势可与输电线的电势显著不同。这样,本发明的某些实施例包括设置在在输电线与监测装置之间的半导体材料垫,从而在将监测装置固定到输电线时减慢输电线与监测装置之间的电势差变化速率。减慢变化速率可使将监测装置固定于输电线和/或与输电线电耦合时电晕放电的风险最小。
在本发明的某些实施例中,监测装置的CT包括两个“分裂式芯”部分,这允许CT方便地安装,使输电线延伸穿过CT而输电线不断电。分裂式芯部分中的至少一个包括围绕该部分缠绕的电线绕组。因此,当CT安装在输电线附近时,由输电线传导的交变电流产生的交变磁通场与CT和CT的电线绕组耦合。因此在CT的电线绕组内产生感应电流,该感应电流可转化成与监测装置相关的电流的电能。
为了从CT的电绕组内产生的感应电流获得电能,与监测装置相关联的电路可包括预调节电路,该预调节电路从CT接收感应电流的并产生匹配CT的功率曲线的电压。在该情况下,预调解器的输出与开关调节器耦合,该开关调节器将电压调节到适于与监测装置关联的电路、诸如无线通信装置或其它装置的输出电压。该电路还可包括能量存储装置,诸如可充电电池或超级电容,该能量存储装置在输电线未运载足够的交变电流以在CT的电线绕组内感应足够电流时向电路供电。
监测装置和其关联的电路设计成承受恶劣环境并提供可靠的操作。例如,CT可由壳体、环氧树脂涂层或其它装置保护。此外,与监测装置关联的电路的壳体可设计成从环境保护电路和其它部件。监测装置的至少某些部件可由适于承受暴露于雨、冰、雪、太阳、风和其它环境条件的材料构成。
根据本发明的某些方面,监测装置设计成使得其可由现场技术人员可靠地附连到输电线而无需使输电线断电。即,监测装置可仅使用带电操作杆附连到输电线而无需使输电线断电和中断电力分配服务。此外,本发明的监测装置设计成提供到输电线的可靠附连,从而监测装置不太可能由于风、雨、冰雹或其它环境条件而从输电线脱开固定。
现转向附图,其中相同的附图标记标示相同的构件,更详细地描述本发明的各实施例。
图1是根据本发明的某些实施例的监测装置100的框图。监测装置100包括CT和传感器102以及与监测装置关联的电路104。作为与监测装置关联的电路104的实例,电路104包括控制电路106、通信电路110、存储器108、重置界面112以及一个或多个指示器114。应指出,图1所示的电路104仅作为实例提供,并电路104可包括其它电路或省略部件106、108、110、112和114中的某些或全部。
总地来说,如下文更详细描述的,监测装置100可由于夹持件或确保监测装置100与输电线116之间牢固机械连接的其它机械固定装置可靠地附连到输电线116。术语“输电线”在本文中用于指从一位置向另一位置传输电力的任何类型电导体。例如,输电线116可包括运载和分配电力的一个或多个上方或地下公共电缆。
监测装置由于CT的电线绕组中产生的感应电流供电,且控制电路106可包括预调节电路,该预调节电路从CT接收感应电流并基于感应电流产生电压。各传感器测量输电线116上的状态。例如,各传感器可实时或近实时测量输电线116上存在的电压和电流。在本发明的各实施例中,可使用各种类型的传感器来测量与输电线116的状态、监测装置100的状态、或输电线116和监测装置100的环境相关的参数,诸如线温度、线倾度、环境温度、风速、电部件的液位、来自所监测变压器的溶解气体含量或压力、电池状态、频率、谐波、零交叉点、振动和/或功率因子。各传感器将各测量值通信到控制电路106以进行处理。控制电路106还可将各测量值存储在存储器108内、经由指示器114提供测量值的外部指示、并经由通信电路110通信测量值。
在某些实施例中,控制电路106包括微控制器,该微控制器编程为分析传感器数据并根据各事件或状态作出响应。例如,控制器104可构造成处理和分析传感器数据、将传感器数据存储在存储器108内、将传感器数据经由通信电路110传送到远程位置118、并经由指示器114提供传感器数据的一个或多个指示。即,控制电路106可构造成基于传感器数据提供输电线116上已发生故障状态的指示。
控制电路106包括稳压电源,该稳压电源利用CT的最佳功率点,该最佳功率点基于CT的磁芯材料的磁导率、磁芯的横截面面积、围绕磁芯缠绕的电线绕组的匝数、将磁芯半部分开的空气间隙、电路的谐振频率、以及诸如电线绕组的电线电阻、切换效率和其它电气因素之类的其它因素。由CT获取的能量可存储在诸如一个或多个电池或电容的能量存储装置中。
指示器114可包括一个或多个发光二极管(LED)或其它指示器,且该指示可包括使LED发光以给予现场技术人员故障状态的指示。因此,指示器114可提供已发生故障的视觉指示。在某些实施例中,指示器包括高能见度的显示装置、液晶显示器(LCD)或其它类似的显示装置。此外,指示器114可发出可听声音以警告大概附近的技术人员监测装置100已经探测到故障状态。
存储器108可包括任何适当的永久性或半永久性存储器,诸如闪存存储器或其它类型存储器。当控制电路106确定应当记录传感器数据时,诸如当传感器数据指示异常状态或故障时,控制电路106可将传感器数据和与传感器数据相关的信息一起记录在存储器中,与传感器数据相关的信息诸如测量传感器数据的时间、监测装置100的地理坐标、测量传感器数据时的环境条件或其它类似数据。
在某些实施例中,存储器108还可存储与监测装置100相关的信息。例如,安装时,存储器108可用监测装置100的全局坐标进行编程。或者,存储器108可存储其它识别信息,诸如但不限于街道地址、监测装置100的唯一识别符、公共电网坐标或附近公共电线杆或其它地标的识别符。
通信电路110包括构造成将数据发送到远程位置118的电路。在某些实施例中,通信电路110使用诸如GSM(全球移动通信系统)或CDMA(码分多址)的蜂窝技术与远程位置118通信。通信电路110还可任何数量的无线或有线通信协议的部件,包括802.11标准,蓝牙(IEEE802.15.1)、ZigBee(IEEE802.15.4)、互联网协议、许可或未许可的无线电、光纤、输电线载波通信技术中的任一种。
远程位置118可与公共事业公司的中心机构关联,并能够同时监测来自多个监测装置100的通信馈送并将来自这些馈送的信息通信到负责传输和分配系统维修和保养的单位。在该实施例中,远程位置118可包括连接到公共事业公司的停电管理系统的中央服务器。当从监测装置100接收指示故障或传感器数据的信息时,服务器处理信息并将信息发送到停电管理系统。服务器或停电管理系统也可直接通信到负责维修和保养与故障或传感器数据相关的系统的单位。
重置界面112可包括一个或多个重置操作,诸如指示器重置和存储器重置。在该上下文中,指示器重置操作删除指示器114上提供的故障指示,同时存储器重置操作从存储器108清除至少某些传感器数据。存储器重置操作可指定所要清除的某些参数。例如,存储器重置操作可指定仅应当清除某个日期之前记录的传感器数据、应当清除所有传感器数据、应当清除与监测装置100相关的传感器数据和信息、应当清除除了与监测装置100相关的信息以外的所有数据、和/或其它类似参数。
在某些实施例中,控制电路106可编程为通过执行指示器重置操作而非存储器重置指令来响应于对先前识别的故障事件的矫正。在该情况下,即使从指示器114清除故障指示,故障事件的记录以及伴随该故障事件的状态也会保留在存储器108内。此外,重置界面112可直接经由监测装置100的一个或多个按钮从“在场”的现场技术人员、从与监测装置100连接的输入装置、或从其它类似输入方法或装置直接接收重置指令。
现在转向图2A-2C,详细描述根据本发明一实施例的监测装置200的物理结构。图2A示出处于打开位置的监测装置200顶部的立体图,图2B示出处于关闭位置的监测装置200的顶部的立体图,而图2C示出监测装置200的底部的立体图。
根据图2A-C所示的示例实施例,监测装置200包括变流器(“CT”)210A和210B、壳体260以及线夹或固定杆270。应指出,CT210A和210B包括相同构件,监测装置200的各实施例可包括更多或更少CT。图2A-C还示出电导体202。导体202可包括例如电力分配系统中的输电线或中性线。根据本发明的各方面,监测装置200设计成可由导体202支承,使得监测装置200可安全且可靠地由导体202支承。
每个CT210A和210B包括CT臂220和230、端板218、至少一个弹簧240以及电线绕组212。每个CT210A和210B使用机械或其它类似附连装置附连到壳体260的一侧。每个CT臂220和230包括磁芯的一半。每个CT的磁芯210A和210B包括诸如晶粒取向钢、超透磁合金、透磁合金、铁素体其组合之类的磁芯材料和/或本领域适于作为磁芯材料应用的其它已知材料。在某些实施例,磁芯还可包括环氧树脂或其它涂层以将磁芯从环境密封并保护磁芯。此外,磁芯可真空浸渍有例如约0.2至0.6密耳厚的清漆,以将芯部叠片保持在一起并保护芯部免于受潮。在一实施例中,芯部设计成用在60Hz的操作频率下,但芯部可设计成用在其它操作频率。电线绕组212围绕CT臂220和230中的一个或两个缠绕,以获取从导体202感应出的比例电流,如下文更详细描述的。
CT臂220和230被弹性偏置以保持在关闭位置。为了保持弹性偏置,CT臂220和230中的每个包括弹簧安装件以附连弹簧240。图2A示出附连到CT210A一侧的弹簧240,且其它类似弹簧可附连在CT210A的另一侧上。弹簧240将CT臂220和230保持在关闭位置,在CT臂220和230的端部之间几乎没有空气间隙。尤其在关闭位置,来自导体202的磁通可与CT210A和210B的磁芯耦合,且因此与电线绕组212耦合。
每个CT臂220和230包括导体入口突起222和232。入口突起222和232形成为便于打开CT臂220和230。更具体地,当CT210A和210B关闭时,入口突起222和232大致形成“V”形,该“V”形引导导体202以施加打开CT臂220和230的力。为了打开CT臂220和230,监测装置200移动使得导体202处于CT210A和210B的入口突起222和232之间的位置。监测装置200可进一步移动,使得导体202朝向CT210A和210B的中心压在入口突起222和232之间,并抵抗弹性偏置将CT臂220和230张开。一旦CT臂220和230抵抗弹性偏置至少部分打开,则导体220可进入设置在CT臂220和230内的CT腔214。导体202在CT腔214内之后,CT210A和210B的弹性偏置会使CT臂220和230围绕导体202重新关闭。
流过导体202的电流产生围绕导体202延伸的磁场,该磁场与CT210A和210B的磁芯耦合并在每个CT的电线绕组212内感应出电流,该电流与流过导体202的电流和围绕CT磁芯的电线绕组212的匝数成正比。应指出,电线绕组212可围绕CT臂220和230中的一个或两个缠绕或裹绕。还应指出,CT210A和210B都包括主绕组和副绕组。即,电导体202和电线绕组212分别用作主绕组和副绕组。电连接器216(参见图2C)将电线绕组212内感应出的电流送到壳体260。在本发明的各实施例中,电连接器216可以是挠曲的或设置成刚性结构,诸如保护电连接器216的管道。壳体260适于接纳电连接器216,而不影响壳体260或设置在壳体260内的任何电路的整体性。
线夹或固定杆270由现场技术人员调整以将监测装置200固定到电导体202。图2A示出处于关闭位置的固定杆270,在该关闭位置固定杆270将电导体202固定在固定杆270与壳体260之间。在该位置,监测装置200的重量可在固定杆270处传递到电导体202,且固定杆270定位成防止电导体移出CT210A和210B的腔214。根据图2A和2B所示的示例实施例,固定杆270通过穿过附连到壳体260的安装件270而附连或固定到壳体260。如本领域技术人员会理解的,用于将固定杆270附连或固定到壳体260的替代装置落在本发明的范围内。操作时,固定杆270可由现场技术人员使用插入形成在固定杆270一端的眼孔274内的带电操作杆或类似工具、通过使杆270转动90°而在关闭位置(参见图2A)与打开位置(参见图2B)之间转动。根据本发明的一方面,缓冲柱272形成为从安装件272延伸出。缓冲柱272形成为将固定杆270止挡在一位置,使得在关闭位置,固定杆270和导体202在大致正交延伸位置相交。这样,缓冲柱272通过确保固定杆270不会过度转过导体202固定在固定杆270与壳体260之间的位置而便于监测装置200的安装。
壳体260包括内腔(未示出),诸如电路104的各种电路部件可设置在内腔内。壳体260构造成封围和保护电路部件免受机械振动、风、雨、雪、冰雹和其它环境条件的损坏。为此,用壳体260封围的电路可使用封装化合物、胶、或本领域适于该应用的任何其它装置固定。壳体260也可封围电池、电容器、或其它功率存储装置以存储通过CT210A和210B内感应出的电流而获得的电能。本领域的普通技术人员会认识到壳体260的形状和尺寸可变化。壳体260可由适于耐受暴露于环境条件的材料构成,诸如合成塑料或半合成塑料实心材料或者本领域已知的适于该应用的其它材料。壳体260可包括壳体盖264,壳体盖264用诸如螺钉、塑料卡配件、铆钉或其它固定装置之类的固定件265固定到壳体260。在某些实施例中,壳体260可包括孔262,一个或多个天线263可延伸穿过孔262。一个或多个天线263可与上述通信电路110关联。尽管图2C示出一个天线263,但监测装置200可包括一个以上的天线。壳体260可另外包括定位或安装在壳体260外部或半外部的指示器,诸如上文参照图1描述的指示器114。在该上下文中,指示器可设置在壳体260的外部,从而对现场技术人员来说是可见的。
为了将监测装置200安装在导体202上,现场技术人员可首先将固定臂270调节成处于打开位置。现场技术人员然后可使用带电操作杆移动监测装置200,使得导体202处于CT210A和210B的入口突起222和232之间的位置。然后监测装置200可进一步移动,使得导体202压在入口突起222与232之间,致使CT臂220和230能抵抗弹性偏置而张开。一旦CT臂220和230打开,导体220可进入设置在CT臂220和230内的CT腔214,且CT210A和210B的弹性偏置使CT臂220和230围绕导体220重新关闭。此后,现场技术人员可转动固定臂270,直到其停在缓冲柱272处为止。当安装在导体202上时,监测装置200的壳体260基于CT210A和210B、固定杆270以及壳体260之间的具体布置和附连而悬挂在导体202下方。
如上所述,设置在壳体260内的电路的参考或接地节点可与导体202耦合,使得电路保持与导体202相关的参考电势。作为一示例耦合,电路的接地节点可经由弹簧240与导体耦合,弹簧240可与导体202接触。此外,当现场技术人员将监测装置200安装到电导体202时,监测装置200的电势变化成电导体202的电势。通常,电势的变化是显著的。电势的急剧变化可在监测装置200与电导体202之间引起电弧,该电弧对监测装置200会是有害的。因此,在某些实施例中,可将半导体或电阻式材料垫在电导体22易于接触监测装置200的位置固定到监测装置200,以降低或减慢在将监测装置200固定到电导体202时监测装置200与电导体202之间的电势差变化。例如,半导体材料垫可放置在弹簧240、固定杆270、端板218上或上方,或者放置在监测装置200易于与导体200形成接触的任何其它位置。在某些实施例中,半导体垫包括电阻在约7和约40欧姆/厘米之间的电阻材料片。减慢电势变化速率会降低或消除在将监测装置200固定到电导体202时电弧或电晕放电的可能性。如上所述,本发明的某些方面包括通过与导体202电耦合来为封围在壳体260内的电路提供接地参考点。为此,封围在壳体260内的电路的接地参考点可经由半导体材料垫与导体202耦合。
现在转向图3A和3B,详细描述根据本发明另一实施例的监测装置300的物理结构。图3A示出从监测装置300下方位置看的立体图,且图3B示出监测装置300的侧视图。
根据图3A和3B所示的示例实施例,监测装置300包括附连到壳体360的变流器310A和310B。应指出,CT310A和310B包括类似于CT210A和210B的构件的构件,为了简略而省略这些构件的描述。壳体360可以与壳体260类似的方式封围电路。在这些方面,监测装置300类似于监测装置200,除了CT310A和310B与壳体360之间的布置和附连不同于CT210A和210B与壳体260之间的布置和附连以外。因此,与监测装置200相比,当监测装置300安装到导体上,监测装置300的壳体360可悬挂在导体旁边而不是导体下方。
为了将监测装置300安装到导体上,现场技术人员可使用带电操作杆将监测装置300移动到导体上方的位置,使得导体处于CT310A和310B的入口突起322和332之间的位置。监测装置300然后可进一步移动(即下拉),使得导体压在入口突起322与332之间,使CT310A和310B抵抗CT310A和310B的弹性偏置打开,且导体可进入CT310A和310B的CT腔314(参见图3B)。应指出,监测装置300可不用任何夹持或固定装置来附加地固定到导体,因为监测装置300的重量在距CT310A和310B打开较远的位置、诸如在端板318处传递到导体。
转向图4,示出用于将CT保持在关闭位置的夹子400。夹子400包括两个臂404和406以及枢转止挡件408。两个臂404和406各形成为具有弧形形状,该弧形形状围绕CT并附连到CT。换言之,臂404和406可形成为具有与夹子所要附连的CT的形状相对应形状的弧形。在图4所示的夹子400的示例实施例中,夹子400形成为用于CT210A、210B、310A和310B。在现场技术人员将CT210A、210B、310A和310B之一固定到电连接器时,现场技术人员可另外使用夹子400的夹子眼孔402和带电操作杆将夹子400放置在CT上而无需使导体断电,以防止CT打开并松开电导体。因此,夹子400设计成附加于已经可将CT保持在关闭位置的任何弹性偏置而固定CT。还应指出,枢转止挡件408可在CT的构件之间延伸以防止CT枢转到打开位置。夹子400可由具有适于该应用的抗拉强度的任何材料构成,诸如合成塑料或半合成塑料实心材料或者本领域已知的适于该应用的其它材料。
再转向图5A和5B,详细描述根据本发明另一实施例的监测装置500的物理结构。图5A示出监测装置500的顶部的立体图,而图5B示出监测装置500的底部的立体图。
监测装置500包括安装在附连板504上的CT510以及线夹520A和520B。CT510包括磁芯512和514。磁芯512和514构造成当扭动调节杆540时打开和关闭。更具体地,如图5A所示,磁芯512包括从磁芯512一侧突出的柱513,该柱513穿过附连板504中的细长穿通通道506。如图5B所示,柱513还穿过调节板542的弧形穿通通道546。调节板542附连到调节杆540的一端。在一实施例中,柱513的末梢形成为挤压穿过附连板504的穿通通道506和调节板542的穿通通道546,其中柱513通过柱513的末梢处的锁定肋或其它装置在调节板542的一侧锁定就位。应指出,磁芯514还包括从一侧突出的柱,该柱形成为挤压穿过附连板中的穿通通道和调节板542内的穿通通道544,其中柱在调节板542的一侧锁定就位。调节板542因此锁定和固定就位,且一侧抵靠于附连板504的一侧固定。在该布置中,调节杆540可扭动以打开和关闭磁芯512和514。
调节板542的穿通通道544和546各形成弧形形状,该弧形形状在调节板542的外周处开始并朝向调节板542的中心延续。穿通通道544和546形成为具有弧形形状,使得当扭动调节杆540时,磁芯512和514基于扭动调节杆540的方向而朝向彼此或远离彼此引导。更具体地,根据图5A和5B所示的示例实施例,当沿顺时针方向扭动调节杆540时,穿通通道544和546的弧形形状将磁芯512和514朝向调节板542的中心引导。还应指出,附连板504的细长穿通通道可形成大致直的,从而当沿顺时针方向扭动调节杆540时,穿通通道544和546的弧形形状将磁芯512和514朝向调节板542的中心引导,而附连板504的穿通通道使磁芯512和514保持沿一个方向运动。定向安装件505可形成为将磁芯512附加地固定到附连板504,并当打开和关闭CT510时引导磁芯。可为磁芯514形成附加引导件(未示出)。当沿逆时针方向扭动调节杆540时,穿通通道544和546的弧形形状将磁芯512和514朝向调节板542的周界引导,使磁芯512和514张开。
线夹520A包括线夹臂522A和522B,线夹臂522A和522B构造成当电导体502使致动臂526移动时卡合关闭。每个线夹臂522A和522B分别由弹簧523A和523B弹性偏置以关闭。线夹臂522A和522B可使用致动臂526保持在打开位置,该致动臂抵抗弹性偏置使线夹臂522A和522B保持打开。线夹520B包括与线夹520A相同的构件。应指出,在本发明的各实施例中,监测装置500可包括更多或更少的线夹。线夹520A和520B还包括类似于美国专利申请第12/569,343号和第12/569,446号中揭示的夹持机构630的构件的其它构件,且为了简略而省略对这些构件的描述和功能。
与美国专利申请第12/569,343号和第12/569,446号中揭示的夹持机构630相比,线夹520A还包括附连在线夹臂522A的枢转点534的棘轮头530和附连到附连板504的棘齿臂532。棘轮头530和棘齿臂532用于将线夹520A锁定在关闭位置。为此,棘轮头530包括设置在棘轮头530周缘上的多个齿,棘轮头530在沿一个方向运动经过棘齿臂532的梢部时使该梢部移位,而在沿另一方向运动时锁定抵靠于棘齿臂532的梢部。在该布置中,当线夹臂522A关闭时,棘轮头530的齿由于弹性偏置而将棘齿臂532移位以关闭,且当线夹臂522A关闭时,棘轮头530的齿锁定抵靠于棘齿臂532。应指出,为了打开线夹520A,可将棘齿臂532拉离棘轮头530。还应指出,线夹520A还可包括用于夹臂522B的棘轮头和棘齿臂,且线夹520B还可包括至少一个棘轮头和棘齿臂,如图5A所示。
为了将监测装置500安装在导体502上,现场技术人员可通过如下方式来打开CT510:沿逆时针方向完全扭动调节杆540以将芯部512和514分开、打开线夹520A和520B、并固定每个线夹520A和520B的致动臂以将线夹保持在打开位置。现场技术人员然后可使用带电操作杆将监测装置500移动到一位置,使得导体502将线夹520A和520B的致动臂移位。当致动臂移位时,线夹520A和520B将由于线夹的弹性偏置而围绕导体502卡合关闭,将监测装置500固定到导体502。然后现场技术人员可沿顺时针方向扭动调节杆540以围绕导体502关闭磁芯512和514。一旦磁芯512和514围绕导体502关闭,则磁通可与围绕芯部512和514中一个或两个缠绕的电线绕组耦合,从而获取基于导体502内流动的电流感应出的比例电流。尽管未示出,监测装置500还可与传感器、无线电以及用于监测电导体502的状态的其它电路关联。
转向图6,详细描述根据本发明另一实施例的监测装置600的物理结构。监测装置600包括主壳体610和围绕枢转点614枢转的壳体帽620。壳体帽620被弹簧630偏置到关闭位置,弹簧630围绕枢转点614安装。壳体帽620还包括凸部622和容座624。当壳体帽620相对于主壳体610处于关闭位置时,容座624锁定在主壳体610的锁定凸部616上方以将壳体帽620保持在关闭位置。监测装置600还包括安装环612,安装环612形成为在安装时支承监测装置600。
监测装置600包括磁芯的在壳体帽620内的一部分和磁芯的在主壳体610内的另一部分。这些磁芯共同围绕监测装置600的腔618,导体602可延伸穿过该腔618。因此,当监测装置600安装在导体602上时,磁通可与围绕芯部中一个或两个缠绕的电线绕组耦合,从而获取基于导体602内流动的电流感应出的比例电流。主壳体610可封围诸如以上描述的用于监测电导体602的状态的电路104的相关电路。
为了将监测装置600安装在导体602上,现场技术人员可通过将容座624从锁定凸部622解锁并抵抗弹簧630提供的弹性偏置打开壳体帽620而打开监测装置600。然后可由现场技术人员使用带电操作杆将监测装置600定位。更具体地,壳体帽620可保持打开,且监测装置600可使用一个或多个带电操作杆定位成使得主壳体610在导体602下方,且壳体帽620可被松开以由于弹性偏置而关闭,将导体封围在监测装置600的腔618内。一旦监测装置内的芯部围绕导体602关闭,则磁通可与围绕芯部中一个缠绕的电线绕组耦合,从而获取基于导体602内流动的电流感应出的比例电流。
转向图7,详细描述根据本发明另一实施例的监测装置700的物理结构。监测装置700包括主壳体710和围绕枢转点714枢转的壳体帽720。壳体帽720被弹簧730弹性偏置到关闭位置,弹簧730安装到监测装置700的一侧上的安装柱732和734。如图7所示,监测装置700可包括安装在监测装置700两侧上的弹簧。在图7所示的示例实施例中,锁定销740在与枢轴714分开的端部处穿过壳体帽720。锁定销740包括两个细长杆742,这两个细长杆742具有足够的长度以到达主壳体710的锁定容座726。当壳体帽720相对于主壳体710处在关闭位置时,锁定销740可移动(即滑动)到一位置,使得细长杆742的梢部锁定到主壳体710的容座726内并将壳体帽720保持在关闭位置。壳体帽720还包括安装环722,安装环722形成为在安装时支承监测装置700。
监测装置700包括磁芯的在壳体帽720内的一部分和磁芯的在主壳体710内的另一部分。这些磁芯共同围绕监测装置700的腔718,导体可延伸穿过该腔718。因此,当监测装置700安装在导体上时,磁通可与围绕芯部中一个缠绕的电线绕组耦合,从而获取基于导体内流动的电流感应出的比例电流。主壳体710可封围诸如以上描述的用于监测导体的状态的电路104的相关电路。电路的接地或参考节点可经由弹簧730与导体耦合。
为了将监测装置700安装在导体上,现场技术人员可通过拉动锁定销740以从容座726移出细长杆而打开监测装置700。然后现场技术人员可抵抗弹簧730提供的弹性偏置打开壳体帽720。壳体帽720可保持打开,且监测装置700可使用一个或多个带电操作杆定位成使得主壳体710在导体下方,且壳体帽720可被松开以由于弹性偏置而关闭,将导体封围在监测装置700的腔718内。一旦监测装置700内的芯部围绕导体关闭,则磁通可与围绕芯部中一个缠绕的电线绕组耦合,从而获取基于导体内流动的电流感应出的比例电流。
如上文参照监测装置200所描述的,监测装置300、500、600和700中的任何一个可在固定到电导体时经受显著的电势变化。电势的急剧变化会产生电弧,这对监测装置会是有害的。因此,在某些实施例中,半导体或电阻式材料垫可在电导体易于接触监测装置的位置固定到监测装置,以降低或减慢在将监测装置固定到电导体时的电势差变化。例如,半导体材料垫可放置在监测装置易于与电导体形成接触的任何位置。在某些实施例中,半导体垫包括电阻在约7和约40欧姆/厘米之间的电阻材料片。如上所述,本发明的某些方面包括基于与电导体的电耦合来为与监测装置关联的电路提供接地参考点。为此,该电路的接地参考点可经由半导体材料垫与电导体耦合。
虽然上文已详细描述了特定实施例,然而该说明仅仅用于说明目的。因此应理解的是,除非另外说明,否则本发明的许多方面在上文仅仅借助示例来描述且并不用作本发明的必要或基本元素。在不偏离由以下权利要求所限定的本发明范围和精神的条件下,除了上文所描述的以外,受益于本发明的本领域普通技术人员可做出对示例实施例披露方面的各种修改以及与所披露方面相对应的等同步骤,且本发明的范围应符合最宽泛的解释,以包含这些修改和等同结构。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于固定到电导体并从所述电导体集电的设备,包括:
变流器,所述变流器包括芯部和接收由所述电导体上存在的交变电流产生的磁通所感应出的电流的电绕组,其中,所述变流器还包括第一部分和第二部分,所述第一部分和所述第二部分中的至少一个包括从中延伸出的柱;
夹持机构,所述夹持机构将所述设备附连到所述电导体;
调节杆,所述调节杆附连于所述变流器的第一部分和第二部分,且所述调节杆形成为基于所述调节杆的转动而打开和关闭所述变流器;以及
调节板,所述调节板联接于所述调节杆并且其中形成有至少一个弧形通道,其中,所述柱设置成穿过所述弧形通道。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,还包括:壳体,所述壳体封围用于监测所述电导体的状态的电路。
3.如权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,所述电路包括一个或多个传感器以及无线通信电路。
4.如权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,所述电路还包括构造成将所感应出的电流转换成能量进行存储以供所述传感器和所述无线通信电路消耗的电路。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述变流器包括分别与所述第一部分和所述第二部分成一体的第一和第二磁芯部分。
6.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述变流器包括与所述夹持机构成一体的第一和第二磁芯部分。
7.如权利要求5所述的设备,其特征在于,所述夹持机构包括一个或多个弹簧以将所述夹持机构弹性偏置到关闭位置。
8.如权利要求5所述的设备,其特征在于,还包括:所述夹持机构包括两个线夹,所述两个线夹分别定位在所述变流器的相应一侧上。
9.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述夹持机构包括线夹,所述线夹包括夹臂。
10.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述夹持机构包括固定杆。
11.一种用于从电导体集电的设备,包括:
壳体,所述壳体包括封围监测所述电导体的状态的电路的腔;
两个变流器,每个变流器包括芯部,所述芯部接收由所述电导体上存在的交变电流产生的感应磁通,每个所述变流器固定于所述壳体的相应一侧;以及
夹持机构,所述夹持机构包括固定杆,所述固定杆通过一个或多个安装件固定于所述壳体,且所述固定杆包括与所述电导体和孔眼配合的一部分,所述一部分能转动所述固定杆,以将所述设备固定于所述电导体。
12.如权利要求11所述的设备,其特征在于,所述电路包括一个或多个传感器和指示器。
13.如权利要求12所述的设备,其特征在于,还包括:
电池,其中
所述两个变流器中的每个还包括电绕组,所述电绕组接收由所述电导体上存在的交变电流产生的磁通所感应出的电流;以及
所述电路还包括构造成将所感应出的电流转换成能量进行存储以供所述一个或多个传感器和指示器消耗的电路。
14.如权利要求11所述的设备,其特征在于,所述两个变流器中的每个包括第一和第二磁芯部分,所述第一和第二磁芯部分是可分开的。
15.如权利要求11所述的设备,其特征在于,所述两个变流器中的每个包括与所述夹持机构成一体的第一和第二磁芯部分。
16.如权利要求15所述的设备,其特征在于,所述两个变流器中的每个包括一个或多个弹簧以将所述第一和第二磁芯部分弹性偏置到关闭位置。
17.如权利要求15所述的设备,其特征在于,还包括:至少一个夹子,所述夹子将所述两个变流器中的至少一个的第一和第二部分固定到锁定位置。
18.一种用于从电导体集电的设备,包括:
壳体,所述壳体包括腔;
变流器,所述变流器包括芯部和接收由所述电导体上存在的交变电流产生的磁通所感应出的电流的绕组,所述变流器还包括从中延伸出的柱;
夹持机构,所述夹持机构附连到所述电导体;
电路,所述电路设置在所述壳体的腔内并监测所述电导体的状态,所述电路包括构造成将所感应出的电流转换成能量以存储在电池内来供一个或多个传感器和指示器消耗的电路;
调节板,所述调节板联接于所述变流器的柱;以及
调节杆,所述调节杆附连于所述调节板,且所述调节杆形成为基于所述调节板和所述调节杆的转动而打开和关闭所述变流器。
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