CN103247503B - A kind of Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier structure and manufacture method - Google Patents
A kind of Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier structure and manufacture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier structure and manufacture method, belong to vacuum electron device field, exports between slow wave structure part and collector at travelling wave tube, cascade at least 1 to M N time (M, N=2,3 ...) harmonic wave system.Design according to step, described travelling wave tube radio frequency system will control electron beam harmonic information after mutual effect, cascade harmonic wave system realizes harmonic power and maximizes and frequency response optimization, output harmonic wave is as practical information: the present invention is based on the non-linear modulation of electromagnetic wave to electron beam, the harmonic information of electron beam after the mutual effect of optimization travelling wave tube, utilize the harmonic wave system of cascade to carry out sufficient energy exchange, realize frequency multiplication and amplify and export.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vacuum electron device field, be specifically related to a kind of Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier entering Terahertz frequency range in frequency.
Background technology
Terahertz (THz) ripple refers to the electromagnetic wave of frequency range at 100GHz-3000GHz, and this electromagnetic wave has much potential application in the field such as military, medical, industrial.The research and development of THz source are the primary work in Terahertz science and technology, are prerequisite and the key of carrying out Terahertz application study.Vacuum electron device high-frequency, powerful distinguishing feature have predictive of it ability filling up Terahertz gap.
Travelling wave tube (TWT) is a kind of important vacuum electron device, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a common travelling wave tube in prior art, by seeing in figure that this device general structure comprises following 7 parts, they are: 1 electron gun, 2 input systems, 3 slow wave structures, it can adopt various slow wave structures such as comprising helix, coupling cavity, folded waveguide, 4 magnetic focusing systems, 5 concentrated attenuators, 6 output systems, 7 collectors.As everyone knows, the operation principle of travelling wave tube is summarized as, and the negative electrode in electron gun structure produces a branch of electron beam, maintains certain Electron Beam Shape by focusing system, by the electron beam channel in slow wave structure; Electromagnetic field of high frequency to be entered in slow wave structure by input system and transmits in the mode of row ripple, its base phase velocity of wave is synchronous with velocity of electrons, electromagnetic field obtains energy by the mutual effect of note ripple in electron beam, the fundamental information be exaggerated is coupled out by output system, the effect of concentrated attenuator prevents electromagnetic wave from causing undesirable self-oscillation along slow wave structure feedback, and collector is then used for collecting the electronics by having surrendered first-harmonic energy after slow wave structure.Compared with other vacuum electron devices, travelling wave tube has the characteristics such as broadband, high-gain, great dynamic range and low noise, up to the present, travelling wave tube remains a kind of vacuum electron device of being used widely, but further in the expansion of Terahertz frequency domain, travelling wave tube is faced with that input power drives deficiency, precision component processing difficulties, slow wave structure high-frequency loss is large, device mutual effect region is little, assembly technology is strictly difficult to make electron beam channel collimation and obtain the technical barriers such as high flow rate.
In order to the range of application of travelling wave tube is extended to Terahertz frequency domain, need to stand in the working mechanism that a high level thinks deeply this vacuum electron device.In travelling wave tube, after there is note ripple mutual effect fully by slow wave structure and electromagnetic wave in electron beam, fundamental information in electron beam is amplified and reaches capacity, due to the nonlinear operation mode of travelling wave tube, the space charge wave of electron beam presents non-sine distribution, this illustrates that electron beam is now exaggerated except fundamental information except containing, and also has by the high order harmonic component information of amplifying simultaneously.Theoretical and experiment shows that the nonlinear characteristic of electron beam is strengthened, and harmonic information also increases further when travelling wave tube is in first-harmonic oversaturated state.
In traditional travelling wave tube theory, think and reduce the power output of travelling wave tube operating frequency by the first-harmonic energy that the energy limited travelling wave tube of higher frequency harmonic wave in electron beam is paid close attention to.Therefore, the work in past is all be devoted to how to improve first-harmonic power output, manages to suppress harmonic power based on second harmonic simultaneously, and this always is the crucial research contents of the wide frequency band traveling wave tube particularly above travelling wave tube of octave.
And in the theory of current innovation research, then make every effort to utilize harmonic wave, instead of the harmonic wave that disinthibites, based on a large amount of harmonic information existed in travelling wave tube electron beam, electromagnetic wave is utilized to amplify the non-linear frequency multiplication information that realizes that electron beam is modulated, not only feasible, and have the following advantages, as low frequency power drive, technique realize that difficulty is little, flow rate is high, power output is large, bandwidth and conversion gain high.According to Terahertz application to needs that are high-power and wide band radiation source, consider the difficulty and the restriction of terahertz signal power drive of directly developing the traditional vacuum electronic devices such as travelling wave tube when frequency enters Terahertz frequency domain, the harmonic wave that utilizes that the application develops this innovation realizes the vacuum electron device of frequency multiplication amplification.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are, for in prior art, the operating state of common travelling wave tube only considers the power output improving first-harmonic, and just suppresses for the harmonic power based on second harmonic, and traditional device must avoid this unfavorable factor of harmonic wave to destroy travelling wave tube performance.In order to make full use of the harmonic information be present on non-linear electronic note, allow it play useful effect, the harmonic wave that utilizes of a kind of innovation of special consideration exploitation realizes the device of frequency multiplication.
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier.
In order to realize object of the present invention, the technical scheme adopted is as follows, a kind of Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier structure, device retains the general structure of traditional travelling wave tube, this device is in the shell of the sealing metal crunch seal under vacuum state, one end is provided with the electron gun structure comprising negative electrode, focusing electrode and anode, the exit of electron gun is provided with travelling-wave tube slow-wave structure, its input slow wave structure is connected with first-harmonic input coupled structure, export slow wave structure and be connected with first-harmonic output slow wave structure, middle part is provided with cut-out and concentrated attenuator; It is characterized in that, this device exports between slow wave structure and collector at travelling wave tube, and cascade at least 1 is to M (M=2,3 ...) N (N=2,3,) harmonic wave system, the N subharmonic information in electron beam after travelling wave tube radio frequency system non-linear interactions is used; The N subharmonic system of M cascade comprises slow wave structure N, concentrated attenuator N and N subharmonic and exports coupled structure, realize the extraction of the N subharmonic information after mutual effect in electron beam, amplification and output, the harmonic wave system of cascade directly uses the electron beam channel of travelling wave tube, focusing system and collector.
According to the manufacture method of above-mentioned Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier structure, it is characterized in that designing according to following steps:
A. the dispersion characteristics of program calculation slow wave structure, analyze the dispersion curve of the harmonious ripple of first-harmonic;
B. change slow wave structure size, analyze the relation of the corresponding electron beam speed of first-harmonic, humorous phase velocity of wave and operating voltage, make them maintain certain synchronized relation;
C. the high-frequency loss of program calculation slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave;
D. the coupling impedance of program calculation slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave;
E. utilize the non-linear software of multifrequency to carry out the Interaction Simulation of electron beam-first-harmonic-harmonic wave, the dispersion of first-harmonic and harmonic wave, axis coupling impedance and high-frequency loss, all as the input of simulation, obtain the harmonic information I of electron beam after mutual effect
m;
F. cascade harmonic wave system is designed, make full use of the harmonic information I in electron beam after the mutual effect of travelling wave tube radio frequency system
m, by energy exchange, harmonic information in electron beam after mutual effect is extracted, amplifies and is exported, at the built-in rate Terahertz electromagnetic field of rendering outstanding service of broad frequency range, and continue to design according to following steps:
G. analyze the slow wave structure N of the N subharmonic system of cascade, calculate synchronized relation and the stiffness of coupling of N subharmonic and operating voltage, by electron beam harmonic information I
mto the energy exchange of electromagnetic field, realize N subharmonic maximizes power and frequency response optimization;
H. design the concentrated attenuator N in the N subharmonic system of cascade, coupling absorbs reverse electromagnetic wave, ensures that N subharmonic system does not exist self-oscillation, can normally work;
I. design the N subharmonic high frequency output system in the N subharmonic system of cascade, export the N subharmonic power amplified.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, based on the non-linear modulation of electromagnetic wave to electron beam, after the mutual effect of optimization travelling wave tube, the harmonic information of electron beam, utilizes the harmonic wave system of cascade to carry out sufficient energy exchange, realize frequency multiplication amplify and export, harmonic power is applied fully.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is common traveling wave tube structure schematic diagram in prior art;
Fig. 2 is Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier structural representation;
Fig. 3 is the design flow diagram of Terahertz cascade traveling wave frequency multiplier of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is first-harmonic, the harmonic output power analogous diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
When in figure, travelling wave tube high fundamental frequency is 90GHz, after completing the design of a second harmonic system of travelling wave tube radio frequency system control second harmonic design and cascade, microwave studio package software (MTSS2010) is utilized to emulate the final result figure of first-harmonic and harmonic output power in the second harmonic system obtained;
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, represent the common traveling wave tube structure schematic diagram that tradition uses, be a travelling wave tube under vacuum seal state, 1 is the electron gun of end, containing negative electrode, focusing electrode and anode in assembly, electron gun exit is provided with travelling wave tube radio frequency system, comprise input coupled structure 2, slow wave structure 3, magnetic focusing system 4, concentrated attenuator 5 and output coupled structure 6, be provided with collector 7 at the end of travelling wave tube.
With reference to Fig. 2, represent the design's Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier structural representation, compared to the prior art, in the technical program, 1 is the electron gun of end, containing negative electrode in assembly, focusing electrode and anode, electron gun exit is provided with slow wave structure 3, harmonic information amount after comprising input slow wave structure and exporting the mutual effect of slow wave structure co-controlling note, first-harmonic input coupled structure 2 realizes fundamental power input, first-harmonic exports coupled structure 6 and realizes fundamental power output, absorbed by coupling after the observation playing devices function state and control action, between slow wave structure and collector 7, cascade 1 to a M (M=2, 3, ) N (N=2, 3, ) harmonic wave system, N subharmonic information in electron beam after travelling wave tube radio frequency system non-linear interactions is used.N subharmonic system comprise newly increase concentrated attenuator N8, one section export coupled structure 10 with the slow wave structure N9 of travelling wave tube harmonic synchronous and N subharmonic, the vibration of the N subharmonic information after realizing mutual effect respectively in electron beam suppresses, amplifies and exports.Travelling wave tube radio frequency system and harmonic series system are all immersed in magnetic focusing system 4, and harmonic wave system uses the electron beam channel of travelling wave tube.
With reference to Fig. 3, after representing the control mutual effect of the slow wave structure of travelling wave tube radio frequency system of the present invention, electron beam harmonic information designs and the design flow diagram of M N subharmonic system of cascade, and the flow process in figure is carried out as follows:
A. the dispersion characteristics of program calculation slow wave structure, analyze the dispersion curve of the harmonious ripple of first-harmonic;
B. change slow wave structure size, analyze the relation of the corresponding electron beam speed of first-harmonic, humorous phase velocity of wave and operating voltage, make them maintain certain synchronized relation;
C. the high-frequency loss of program calculation slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave;
D. the coupling impedance of program calculation slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave;
E. utilize the non-linear software of multifrequency to carry out the Interaction Simulation of electron beam-first-harmonic-harmonic wave, the dispersion of first-harmonic and harmonic wave, axis coupling impedance and high-frequency loss, all as the input of simulation, obtain the harmonic information I of electron beam after mutual effect
m;
F. cascade harmonic wave system is designed, make full use of the harmonic information I in electron beam after the mutual effect of travelling wave tube radio frequency system
m, by energy exchange, harmonic information in electron beam after mutual effect is extracted, amplifies and is exported, at the built-in rate Terahertz electromagnetic field of rendering outstanding service of broad frequency range, and continue to design according to following steps:
G. analyze the slow wave structure N of the N subharmonic system of cascade, calculate synchronized relation and the stiffness of coupling of N subharmonic and operating voltage, by electron beam harmonic information I
mto the energy exchange of electromagnetic field, realize N subharmonic maximizes power and frequency response optimization;
H. design the concentrated attenuator N in the N subharmonic system of cascade, coupling absorbs reverse electromagnetic wave, ensures that N subharmonic system does not exist self-oscillation, can normally work;
I. design the N subharmonic high frequency output system in the N subharmonic system of cascade, export the N subharmonic power amplified.
With reference to Fig. 4, as invention embodiment analogous diagram, when travelling wave tube radio frequency system used and harmonic series system slow wave structure are folded waveguide, when its fundamental frequency is 90GHz, after completing the design of a second harmonic system of travelling wave tube radio frequency system control second harmonic design and cascade, microwave studio package software (MTSS2010) is utilized to emulate the final result figure of first-harmonic and harmonic output power in the second harmonic system obtained, the object of this design is second harmonic information maximization after mutual effect, now in travelling wave tube radio frequency system, the phase light velocity ratio of first-harmonic is 0.2762, axis coupling impedance is 3.26 Ω, the phase light velocity ratio of second harmonic is 0.3007, axis coupling impedance is 0.04 Ω, first-harmonic high-frequency loss numerical value obtains the checking of measured data, theory shows that second harmonic high-frequency loss is less than first-harmonic high-frequency loss in this slow wave structure, the phase light velocity ratio that in second harmonic system, harmonic frequency is corresponding is 0.2719, and axis coupling impedance is 0.02 Ω.Terahertz traveling wave frequency multiplier three-dimensional simulation result shows, when travelling wave tube power output is 129W; In second harmonic system, second harmonic power output is 169mW, this numeric ratio is operated in large 8 times of the backward wave oscillator power of this frequency range at present, second-harmonic conversion gain reaches 13.28dB, by repeatedly demonstrating for the simulation of different rows wave duct radio frequency system fundamental frequency the ability that device has broadband operation.If the working method of the slow wave structure of second harmonic system is designed to first-harmonic work, through optimal design and simulation, the harmonic wave electromagnetic wave that power reaches watt level can be obtained, meet the demand of the application such as imaging and nondestructive inspection to high-power THz source.
As can be seen here, specifically implement the Analyzing on Building A Planning Scheme given by the present invention, can prove that its theory is correct, feasible.
Claims (2)
1. a Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier, this device is in the shell of the sealing metal crunch seal under vacuum state, one end is provided with the electron gun structure comprising negative electrode, focusing electrode and anode, the exit of electron gun is provided with travelling-wave tube slow-wave structure, its input slow wave structure part is connected with first-harmonic input coupled structure, export slow wave structure part and be connected with first-harmonic output coupled structure, middle part is provided with cut-out and concentrated attenuator; This device remains the general structure of travelling wave tube, it is characterized in that, in this device, export between slow wave structure part and collector at travelling wave tube, cascade at least 1 is used to M N subharmonic system to the N subharmonic information in electron beam after travelling wave tube non-linear interactions; The N subharmonic system of M cascade comprises slow wave structure N, concentrated attenuator N and N subharmonic and exports coupled structure, realize the extraction of the N subharmonic information after mutual effect in electron beam, amplification and output, the harmonic wave system of cascade uses the electron beam channel of travelling wave tube, focusing system and collector; Harmonic wave coupling port is as high-power and delivery outlet that is broadband terahertz electromagnetic wave.
2. the manufacture method of Terahertz cascade traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
A. the dispersion characteristics of program calculation slow wave structure, analyze the dispersion curve of the harmonious ripple of first-harmonic;
B. change slow wave structure size, analyze the relation of the corresponding electron beam speed of first-harmonic, humorous phase velocity of wave and operating voltage, make first-harmonic, humorous phase velocity of wave and electron beam speed maintain certain synchronized relation;
C. the high-frequency loss of program calculation slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave;
D. the coupling impedance of program calculation slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave;
E. utilize the non-linear software of multifrequency to carry out the Interaction Simulation of electron beam-first-harmonic-harmonic wave, the dispersion of first-harmonic and harmonic wave, axis coupling impedance and high-frequency loss, all as the input of simulation, obtain the harmonic information I of electron beam after mutual effect
m;
F. cascade harmonic wave system is designed, make full use of the harmonic information I in electron beam after the mutual effect of travelling wave tube radio frequency system
m, by energy exchange, harmonic information in electron beam after mutual effect is extracted, amplifies and is exported, at the built-in rate Terahertz electromagnetic field of rendering outstanding service of broad frequency range, and continue to design according to following steps:
G. analyze the slow wave structure N of the N subharmonic system of cascade, calculate synchronized relation and the stiffness of coupling of N subharmonic and operating voltage, by electron beam harmonic information I
mto the energy exchange of electromagnetic field, realize N subharmonic maximizes power and frequency response optimization;
H. design the concentrated attenuator N in the N subharmonic system of cascade, coupling absorbs reverse electromagnetic wave, ensures that N subharmonic system does not exist self-oscillation, can normally work;
I. design the N subharmonic high frequency output system in the N subharmonic system of cascade, export the N subharmonic power amplified.
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| CN103474315B (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2016-02-10 | 南京三乐电子信息产业集团有限公司 | A kind of slow wave circuit assembly containing high frequency cutoff support structures |
| CN104701635B (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2018-01-30 | 北京理工大学 | The quasi-optical power combing of Terahertz and amplifying device |
| CN108470665B (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2020-01-17 | 电子科技大学 | Planar multi-channel slow wave structure |
| CN110310874A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-10-08 | 海鹰航空通用装备有限责任公司 | Cascade frequency multiplication backward wave oscillator |
| CN110060911B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-05-08 | 电子科技大学 | Broadband high-gain slow wave structure |
| CN114242542B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2024-02-06 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Output end cover for traveling wave tube, connecting method of output end cover and traveling wave tube comprising output end cover |
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| US6483243B1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2002-11-19 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Multiband travelling wave tube of reduced length capable of high power functioning |
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