CN103247503A - Structure and manufacturing method of terahertz cascaded traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier - Google Patents
Structure and manufacturing method of terahertz cascaded traveling-wave tube frequency multiplier Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A structure and a manufacturing method of a terahertz cascaded traveling-wave tube (TWT) frequency multiplier belong to the field of vacuum electron devices. Among a slow wave structure part and a collector outputted by the TWT, at least one to M N harmonic systems (wherein M and N are to 2, 3...) are cascaded. Design is performed as per steps, and the high-frequency system of the traveling-wave tube controls harmonic information in an electron beam after interaction; and the cascaded harmonic systems realize harmonic wave power maximization and frequency response optimization and output harmonic waves as practical information. On the basis of the nonlinear modulation of electromagnetic wave to the electron beam, the harmonic information in the electron beam is optimized after interaction of the traveling-wave tube, and full energy exchange is performed by utilizing the cascaded harmonic systems so as to realize frequency multiplication amplification and output.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the vacuum electron device field, be specifically related to enter in frequency a kind of Terahertz cascade traveling wave frequency multiplier spare of Terahertz frequency range.
Background technology
Terahertz (THz) ripple refers to frequency range at the electromagnetic wave of 100GHz-3000GHz, and this electromagnetic wave has a lot of potential application in fields such as military affairs, medical treatment, industry.The research and development in Terahertz source are the primary work in the Terahertz science and technology, are prerequisite and the keys of carrying out the Terahertz application study.Vacuum electron device high-frequency, powerful distinguishing feature have indicated that it has the ability of filling up the Terahertz gap.
Travelling wave tube (TWT) is a kind of important vacuum electron device, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a common travelling wave tube in the prior art, by seeing among the figure that this device general structure comprises following 7 parts, they are: 1 electron gun, 2 input systems, 3 slow wave structures, it can adopt various slow wave structures such as comprising helix, coupling cavity, folded waveguide, 4 magnetic focusing systems, 5 concentrated attenuators, 6 output systems, 7 collectors.As everyone knows, the operation principle of travelling wave tube is summarized as, and the negative electrode in the electron gun structure produces a beam electrons and annotates, and keeps certain electronics by focusing system and annotates shape, annotates passage by the electronics in the slow wave structure; The electromagnetic field of high frequency enters in the slow wave structure by input system and transmits to go the mode of ripple, phase velocity and the velocity of electrons of its first-harmonic are synchronous, electromagnetic field obtains energy by annotating the ripple mutual effect in electronics is annotated, the first-harmonic information that is exaggerated is coupled out by output system, the effect of concentrated attenuator is to prevent that electromagnetic wave from causing that along the slow wave structure feedback undesirable self-oscillation, collector then are used for collecting by having surrendered the electronics of first-harmonic energy after the slow wave structure.Compare with other vacuum electron devices, travelling wave tube has characteristics such as broadband, high-gain, great dynamic range and low noise, up to the present, travelling wave tube remains a kind of vacuum electron device of being used widely, be difficult to make electronics to annotate passage to collimate and obtain technical barrier such as high flow rate but further in the expansion of Terahertz frequency domain, travelling wave tube is faced with that input power drives deficiency, precision component processing difficulties, the slow wave structure high-frequency loss is big, device mutual effect zone is little, assembly technology is strict.
For the range of application with travelling wave tube is extended to the Terahertz frequency domain, need stand in the working mechanism that a high level is thought deeply this vacuum electron device.In travelling wave tube, electronics is annotated by after slow wave structure and the electromagnetic wave generation notes ripple mutual effect fully, first-harmonic information during electronics is annotated obtains amplifying and reaching capacity, because the nonlinear operation mode of travelling wave tube, the space charge wave that electronics is annotated presents the non-sine distribution, this explanation electronics is at this moment annotated and is exaggerated the first-harmonic information except containing, in addition the high order harmonic component information of being amplified simultaneously.Theoretical and experiment shows that when travelling wave tube is in the oversaturated state of first-harmonic the nonlinear characteristic that electronics is annotated is strengthened, and harmonic information also further increases.
In traditional travelling wave tube theory, think electronics annotate in the higher frequency harmonic wave energy limited the first-harmonic energy paid close attention to of travelling wave tube, reduced the power output of travelling wave tube operating frequency.Therefore, the work in past all is to be devoted to how to improve the first-harmonic power output, manages to suppress the harmonic power based on second harmonic simultaneously, and this always is the particularly crucial research contents of the above travelling wave tube of octave of wide frequency band traveling wave tube.
And in the theory of current innovation research, then make every effort to utilize harmonic wave, rather than the harmonic wave that disinthibites, annotate the interior a large amount of harmonic information that exist based on the travelling wave tube electronics, the non-linear frequency multiplication information that realizes of utilizing electromagnetic wave that electronics is annotated modulation is amplified, not only feasible, and have the following advantages, as low frequency power drive, technology realize that difficulty is little, flow rate is high, power output is big, bandwidth and conversion gain be high.Use the high-power and needs wide band radiation source according to Terahertz, consider difficulty and the restriction of terahertz signal power drive of directly developing traditional vacuum electronic devices such as travelling wave tube when frequency enters the Terahertz frequency domain, the application has developed the harmonic wave that utilizes of this innovation and has realized the vacuum electron device that frequency multiplication is amplified.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are, in prior art, the operating state of common travelling wave tube only considers to improve the power output of first-harmonic, and just suppresses for the harmonic power based on second harmonic, and traditional device must avoid this unfavorable factor of harmonic wave to destroy the travelling wave tube performance.To be present in the harmonic information that non-linear electronics is annotated in order taking full advantage of, to allow it bring into play useful effect, the harmonic wave that utilizes of a kind of innovation of special consideration exploitation is realized the device of frequency multiplication.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Terahertz cascade traveling wave frequency multiplier spare.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme that adopts is as follows, a kind of Terahertz cascade traveling wave frequency multiplier spare structure, device keeps the general structure of traditional travelling wave tube, this device is in the shell of the sealing metal crunch seal under the vacuum state, one end is provided with the electron gun structure that comprises negative electrode, focusing electrode and anode, the exit of electron gun is provided with the TWT slow wave structure, its input slow wave structure is connected with first-harmonic input coupled structure, the output slow wave structure is connected with first-harmonic output slow wave structure, and the middle part is provided with and cuts off and concentrated attenuator; It is characterized in that this device is between travelling wave tube output slow wave structure and collector, cascade at least 1 is to M (M=2,3 ...) N (N=2,3,) the harmonic wave system, the N subharmonic information in the electronics notes after the travelling wave tube radio frequency system non-linear interactions is used; The N subharmonic system of M cascade comprises slow wave structure N, concentrated attenuator N and N subharmonic output coupled structure, extraction, amplification and the output of the N subharmonic information during electronics is annotated after the realization mutual effect, the harmonic wave system of cascade directly uses the electronics of travelling wave tube to annotate passage, focusing system and collector.
Manufacture method according to above-mentioned Terahertz cascade traveling wave frequency multiplier spare structure is characterized in that designing according to following steps:
A. the dispersion characteristics of slow wave structure are calculated in programming, analyze the dispersion curve of the harmonious ripple of first-harmonic;
B. change the slow wave structure size, analyze the phase velocity of first-harmonic, harmonic wave and the relation that the corresponding electronics of operating voltage is annotated speed, make them keep certain synchronized relation;
C. the high-frequency loss of slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave is calculated in programming;
D. the coupling impedance of slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave is calculated in programming;
E. utilize the non-linear software of multifrequency to carry out the mutual effect simulation of electronics notes-first-harmonic-harmonic wave, the chromatic dispersion of first-harmonic and harmonic wave, axis coupling impedance and high-frequency loss be all as the input of simulating, and obtains the harmonic information I of electronics notes after the mutual effect
M
F. cascade harmonic wave system is designed, take full advantage of the harmonic information I during electronics is annotated after the mutual effect of travelling wave tube radio frequency system
M, by energy exchange, harmonic information in the electronics notes after the mutual effect is extracted, amplified and exports, at the built-in rate Terahertz electromagnetic field of rendering outstanding service of broad frequency range, and continue to design according to following steps:
G. analyze the slow wave structure N of the N subharmonic system of cascade, calculate synchronized relation and the stiffness of coupling of N subharmonic and operating voltage, annotate harmonic information I by electronics
MTo the electromagnetic field energy exchange, realize N subharmonic maximizes power and frequency response optimization;
H. design the concentrated attenuator N in the N subharmonic system of cascade, coupling absorbs reverse electromagnetic wave, guarantees that there is not self-oscillation in N subharmonic system, can operate as normal;
I. design the N subharmonic high frequency output system in the N subharmonic system of cascade, the N subharmonic power that output is amplified.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, based on the non-linear modulation that electromagnetic wave is annotated electronics, the harmonic information that electronics is annotated after the mutual effect of optimization travelling wave tube utilizes the harmonic wave system of cascade to carry out sufficient energy exchange, realize that frequency multiplication is amplified and output, harmonic power is used fully.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is common travelling wave tube structural representation in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is Terahertz cascade traveling wave frequency multiplier spare structural representation;
Fig. 3 is the design flow diagram of Terahertz cascade traveling wave frequency multiplier of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is first-harmonic, the harmonic output power analogous diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
When the high fundamental frequency of travelling wave tube is 90GHz among the figure, after finishing the design of a second harmonic system of the design of travelling wave tube radio frequency system control second harmonic and cascade, utilize the final result figure of first-harmonic and harmonic output power in the second harmonic system that microwave studio package software (MTSS2010) emulation obtains;
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the common travelling wave tube structural representation that the expression tradition is used, be a travelling wave tube under the vacuum seal state, 1 is the electron gun of end, contains negative electrode, focusing electrode and anode in the assembly, the electron gun exit is provided with the travelling wave tube radio frequency system, comprise input coupled structure 2, slow wave structure 3, magnetic focusing system 4, concentrated attenuator 5 and output coupled structure 6 are provided with collector 7 at the end of travelling wave tube.
With reference to Fig. 2, expression the design Terahertz cascade traveling wave frequency multiplier spare structural representation, compared to the prior art, in the technical program, 1 is the electron gun of end, contain negative electrode in the assembly, focusing electrode and anode, the electron gun exit is provided with slow wave structure 3, comprise that input slow wave structure and output slow wave structure control the harmonic information amount after the mutual effect of annotating jointly, first-harmonic input coupled structure 2 realizes the fundamental powers input, and first-harmonic output coupled structure 6 realizes fundamental powers output, after the observation of playing the device operating state and control action, absorbed by coupling, between slow wave structure and collector 7, cascade 1 to M (M=2,3,) N (N=2,3 ...) the harmonic wave system, the N subharmonic information in the electronics notes after the travelling wave tube radio frequency system non-linear interactions is used.N subharmonic system comprises the concentrated attenuator N8 that increases newly, one section slow wave structure N9 and N subharmonic output coupled structure 10 synchronous with the travelling wave tube harmonic wave, realizes that respectively the vibration of the N subharmonic information during electronics is annotated after the mutual effect suppresses, amplifies and output.Travelling wave tube radio frequency system and harmonic series system all are immersed in the magnetic focusing system 4, and the harmonic wave system uses the electronics of travelling wave tube to annotate passage.
With reference to Fig. 3, represent that electronics after the control mutual effect of slow wave structure of travelling wave tube radio frequency system of the present invention annotates the design flow diagram of M N subharmonic system of harmonic information design and cascade, the flow process among the figure is following carries out:
A. the dispersion characteristics of slow wave structure are calculated in programming, analyze the dispersion curve of the harmonious ripple of first-harmonic;
B. change the slow wave structure size, analyze the phase velocity of first-harmonic, harmonic wave and the relation that the corresponding electronics of operating voltage is annotated speed, make them keep certain synchronized relation;
C. the high-frequency loss of slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave is calculated in programming;
D. the coupling impedance of slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave is calculated in programming;
E. utilize the non-linear software of multifrequency to carry out the mutual effect simulation of electronics notes-first-harmonic-harmonic wave, the chromatic dispersion of first-harmonic and harmonic wave, axis coupling impedance and high-frequency loss be all as the input of simulating, and obtains the harmonic information I of electronics notes after the mutual effect
M
F. cascade harmonic wave system is designed, take full advantage of the harmonic information I during electronics is annotated after the mutual effect of travelling wave tube radio frequency system
M, by energy exchange, harmonic information in the electronics notes after the mutual effect is extracted, amplified and exports, at the built-in rate Terahertz electromagnetic field of rendering outstanding service of broad frequency range, and continue to design according to following steps:
G. analyze the slow wave structure N of the N subharmonic system of cascade, calculate synchronized relation and the stiffness of coupling of N subharmonic and operating voltage, annotate harmonic information I by electronics
MTo the electromagnetic field energy exchange, realize N subharmonic maximizes power and frequency response optimization;
H. design the concentrated attenuator N in the N subharmonic system of cascade, coupling absorbs reverse electromagnetic wave, guarantees that there is not self-oscillation in N subharmonic system, can operate as normal;
I. design the N subharmonic high frequency output system in the N subharmonic system of cascade, the N subharmonic power that output is amplified.
With reference to Fig. 4, as embodiment analogous diagram of invention, used travelling wave tube radio frequency system and harmonic series system slow wave structure are under the situation of folded waveguide, when its fundamental frequency is 90GHz, after finishing the design of a second harmonic system of the design of travelling wave tube radio frequency system control second harmonic and cascade, utilize the final result figure of first-harmonic and harmonic output power in the second harmonic system that microwave studio package software (MTSS2010) emulation obtains, the purpose of this design is second harmonic information maximization after the mutual effect, the phase light velocity ratio of first-harmonic is 0.2762 in the travelling wave tube radio frequency system at this moment, the axis coupling impedance is 3.26 Ω, the phase light velocity ratio of second harmonic is 0.3007, the axis coupling impedance is 0.04 Ω, first-harmonic high-frequency loss numerical value has obtained the checking of measured data, and theory shows that the second harmonic high-frequency loss is less than the first-harmonic high-frequency loss in this slow wave structure; The phase light velocity ratio of harmonic frequency correspondence is 0.2719 in the second harmonic system, and the axis coupling impedance is 0.02 Ω.Terahertz traveling wave frequency multiplier three-dimensional simulation result shows, when the travelling wave tube power output is 129W; The second harmonic power output is 169mW in the second harmonic system, the backward wave oscillator power that this numeric ratio is operated in this frequency range at present is big 8 times, the second harmonic conversion gain reaches 13.28dB, has proved that by the simulation at different rows wave duct radio frequency system fundamental frequency repeatedly device has the ability of broadband operation.If the working method of the slow wave structure of second harmonic system is designed to first-harmonic work, through optimal design and simulation, can obtain the harmonic wave electromagnetic wave that power reaches watt level, satisfy imaging and nondestructive inspection etc. and use demand to high-power Terahertz source.
This shows, specifically implement the given Technology design scheme of the present invention, can prove that its theory is correct, feasible.
Claims (2)
1. Terahertz cascade traveling wave frequency multiplier spare, this device is in the shell of the sealing metal crunch seal under the vacuum state, one end is provided with the electron gun structure that comprises negative electrode, focusing electrode and anode, the exit of electron gun is provided with the TWT slow wave structure, its input slow wave structure partly is connected with first-harmonic input coupled structure, the output slow wave structure partly is connected with first-harmonic output coupled structure, and the middle part is provided with and cuts off and concentrated attenuator; This device has kept the general structure of travelling wave tube, it is characterized in that, in this device, between travelling wave tube output slow wave structure part and collector, cascade at least 1 to M N subharmonic system to the travelling wave tube non-linear interactions after N subharmonic information in the electronics notes be used; The N subharmonic system of M cascade comprises slow wave structure N, concentrated attenuator N and N subharmonic output coupled structure, extraction, amplification and the output of the N subharmonic information during electronics is annotated after the realization mutual effect, the harmonic wave system of cascade uses the electronics of travelling wave tube to annotate passage, focusing system and collector; Harmonic wave output coupling port is as the high-power and delivery outlet broadband terahertz electromagnetic wave.
2. the manufacture method of Terahertz cascade traveling wave frequency multiplier spare structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
A. the dispersion characteristics of slow wave structure are calculated in programming, analyze the dispersion curve of the harmonious ripple of first-harmonic;
B. change the slow wave structure size, analyze the phase velocity of first-harmonic, harmonic wave and the relation that the corresponding electronics of operating voltage is annotated speed, make them keep certain synchronized relation;
C. the high-frequency loss of slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave is calculated in programming;
D. the coupling impedance of slow wave structure first-harmonic and harmonic wave is calculated in programming;
E. utilize the non-linear software of multifrequency to carry out the mutual effect simulation of electronics notes-first-harmonic-harmonic wave, the chromatic dispersion of first-harmonic and harmonic wave, axis coupling impedance and high-frequency loss be all as the input of simulating, and obtains the harmonic information I of electronics notes after the mutual effect
M
F. cascade harmonic wave system is designed, take full advantage of the harmonic information I during electronics is annotated after the mutual effect of travelling wave tube radio frequency system
M, by energy exchange, harmonic information in the electronics notes after the mutual effect is extracted, amplified and exports, at the built-in rate Terahertz electromagnetic field of rendering outstanding service of broad frequency range, and continue to design according to following steps:
G. analyze the slow wave structure N of the N subharmonic system of cascade, calculate synchronized relation and the stiffness of coupling of N subharmonic and operating voltage, annotate harmonic information I by electronics
MTo the electromagnetic field energy exchange, realize N subharmonic maximizes power and frequency response optimization;
H. design the concentrated attenuator N in the N subharmonic system of cascade, coupling absorbs reverse electromagnetic wave, guarantees that there is not self-oscillation in N subharmonic system, can operate as normal;
I. design the N subharmonic high frequency output system in the N subharmonic system of cascade, the N subharmonic power that output is amplified.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103474315A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-25 | 南京三乐电子信息产业集团有限公司 | Slow wave circuit assembly with high-frequency load cutting structure |
| CN104701635A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-06-10 | 北京理工大学 | Terahertz quasi-optical power combining and amplifying device |
| CN108470665A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-08-31 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of planar multichannel slow-wave structure |
| CN110060911A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-07-26 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of slow-wave structure of wide-band high gain |
| CN110310874A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-10-08 | 海鹰航空通用装备有限责任公司 | Cascade frequency multiplication backward wave oscillator |
| CN114242542A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Output end cover for traveling wave tube, connection method of output end cover and traveling wave tube comprising output end cover |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103474315A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-25 | 南京三乐电子信息产业集团有限公司 | Slow wave circuit assembly with high-frequency load cutting structure |
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| CN108470665A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-08-31 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of planar multichannel slow-wave structure |
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| CN110310874A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-10-08 | 海鹰航空通用装备有限责任公司 | Cascade frequency multiplication backward wave oscillator |
| CN110060911A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-07-26 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of slow-wave structure of wide-band high gain |
| CN114242542A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Output end cover for traveling wave tube, connection method of output end cover and traveling wave tube comprising output end cover |
| CN114242542B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2024-02-06 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Output end cover for traveling wave tube, connecting method of output end cover and traveling wave tube comprising output end cover |
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