CN103245854B - Electron multiplier testing device for incident electron source generation by adopting photoelectric method - Google Patents
Electron multiplier testing device for incident electron source generation by adopting photoelectric method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103245854B CN103245854B CN201310140981.5A CN201310140981A CN103245854B CN 103245854 B CN103245854 B CN 103245854B CN 201310140981 A CN201310140981 A CN 201310140981A CN 103245854 B CN103245854 B CN 103245854B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electron multiplier testing device for incident electron source generation by adopting a photoelectric method, and belongs to the field of gain current test of electron multipliers. The electron multiplier testing device comprises a first working table, a first moving guide rail, an ultra-violet lamp holder, an ultra-violet lamp, a filter holder, a light filter, a ultra-violet transmission glass window, an insulating stand, a fixed station, a photocathode frame, a photocathode, a second working table, a second moving guide rail, an electron multiplier frame, an electron multiplier, a vacuum gage, a first flange, a second flange, a vacuum tank, an observation window, a high-voltage source, an electrometer, a molecular pump, a mechanical pump and a temperature-control system. The electron multiplier testing device adopts the photoelectric method for generation of the incident electron source, which has the advantages of simple structure, long service life, stable performance, low cost and the like, and the electron multiplier testing device takes the zinc film as the photocathode, which is simple in preparation, convenient to operate, and good in repeatability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electron multiplier testing arrangement adopting photoelectric method to produce incident electron source, particularly relating to one utilizes ultraviolet light as radiation source, produce the testing arrangement that incident electron tests electron multiplier using zinc film as photocathode, belong to electron multiplier gain current field tests.
Background technology
Electron multiplier is the critical component of small-sized cesium-beam atomic clock, the production of small goods caesium clock is monopolized by the U.S. at present substantially, major product has 5071A cesium-beam atomic clock etc., but in Military Application, be difficult to import to this kind of atomic clock, seriously govern the development of my army's navigator fix technology, therefore must carry out caesium clock development.The development of high performance mini cesium-beam atomic clock, can breaking the external embargo to high accuracy cesium-beam atomic clock, laying the foundation for developing spaceborne cesium-beam atomic clock further.
Electron multiplier is used to the device carrying out Current amplifier, and its performance directly affects the overall performance of caesium clock, and electron multiplier gain test device is the means of carrying out technical indicator test and examination.The measurement mechanism of current employing mainly adopts electron gun as incident electron source, but the electron gun life-span is short, cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of photoelectric method that adopts to produce the electron multiplier testing arrangement in incident electron source, described device adopts photoelectric method as incident electron source, have that structure is simple, life-span length, stable performance, low cost and other advantages; Described device is with zinc film for photocathode, and preparation is simple, easy to operate, reproducible.
Object of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme:
Adopt photoelectric method to produce the electron multiplier testing arrangement in incident electron source, described device comprises: the first workbench, the first moving guide rail, ultraviolet lamp bracket, uviol lamp, filter holder, optical filter, uviol window, insulating stand, fixed station, photocathode frame, photocathode, the second workbench, the second moving guide rail, electron multiplier frame, electron multiplier, vacuum meter, the first flange, the second flange, vacuum tank, observation window, high-voltage power supply, electrometer, molecular pump, mechanical pump, temperature control system;
Vacuum tank is fixed on the first workbench, and the second workbench is fixed on the brace table of vacuum tank inside, and insulating stand is fixed on the second workbench; Fixed station and the second moving guide rail are individually fixed in above insulating stand, and the second moving guide rail is positioned on the right side of fixed station, and photocathode is fixed on above fixed station by photocathode frame; Electron multiplier is arranged on the second moving guide rail by electron multiplier frame; First flange, the second flange, vacuum meter are installed on vacuum tank outside respectively; Mechanical pump and molecular pump are positioned at below the first workbench, and mechanical pump is connected with molecular pump, and molecular pump is connected with vacuum tank; Temperature control system is positioned at below the first workbench, and is connected with vacuum tank; When described device carries out work, high-voltage power supply, electrometer are connected with vacuum tank by the first flange or the second flange;
Vacuum tank has former and later two end caps, two end caps use Double seal ring sealing structure respectively, drive end bearing bracket is provided with the uviol window that can pass through 254nm ultraviolet light, and rear end cap is provided with observation window, and the size of described uviol window and observation window is determined all according to actual needs;
First moving guide rail fixed placement is on the first workbench, and the outside being positioned at vacuum tank is near the side of uviol window, uviol lamp is arranged on above the first moving guide rail by ultraviolet lamp bracket, and optical filter is arranged on above the first moving guide rail by filter holder, and is positioned at the right side of uviol lamp;
Electron multiplier is provided with entrance aperture, the entrance aperture of uviol lamp, optical filter, uviol window, photocathode, electron multiplier arrays from left to right, and the center of uviol lamp, optical filter, uviol window, photocathode is all just right with the entrance aperture of electron multiplier;
Electron multiplier is more than 1 or 1, and quantity is relevant to the size of vacuum tank and the second moving guide rail; The quantity of electron multiplier frame is consistent with the quantity of electron multiplier, one_to_one corresponding; When electron multiplier is more than 1, by mobile electron multiplier frame make successively each electron multiplier respectively with photocathode center just to testing;
Described time, is zinc film very, and thickness is 10 ~ 20nm;
Electron multiplier can be replaced dynode thin slice;
Adopt the method for testing step of device of the present invention as follows:
(1) clean vacuum tank: dip in absolute ethyl alcohol wiped clean vacuum tank inwall and inner all component with absorbent gauze;
(2) electron multiplier is installed: be connected with outside line by the flange of the stem of electron multiplier by vacuum tank outside, with universal meter test flange outside lead post, guarantee wiring is correct, then electron multiplier is positioned on electron multiplier frame, makes its entrance aperture alignment light cathode center;
(3) vacuum tank vacuumizes: open mechanical pump and take out in advance, when vacuum is evacuated to 1Pa, opens molecular pump, is evacuated to 2.0 × 10
-5pa, while vacuumizing, opening temp. control system carries out bakeout degassing to vacuum tank, and baking temperature rises to 250 DEG C from room temperature, is incubated 1 hour after reaching 250 DEG C;
(4) making alive test: open uviol lamp, and adjust the current value (pA value) that incident intensity makes incident electron stream reach required, test voltage is added to electron multiplier head dynode, from-100V, namely increases voltage to-400V, when test voltage is-100V, measure and the first dynode electric current of recorded electronic multiplier, often increase-100V voltage, measure respectively and the first dynode electric current of recorded electronic multiplier, after the first dynode voltage of electron multiplier is increased to-400V, test voltage is added to electron multiplier entirety, namely from-1000V, voltage is increased to-2500V, when test voltage is-1000V, measure and recorded electronic multiplier electric current, often increase-100V voltage, measure respectively and recorded electronic multiplier electric current, when electron multiplier voltage is increased to-2500V, complete gain test, operating voltage is reduced to 0V, and calculate electron multiplier gain.
Beneficial effect
(1) the present invention adopts photoelectric method as incident electron source, correctly can be supplemented by electronics endlessly as long as photocathode connects, have compared with the burn-out life of electron gun and cost that structure is simple, life-span length, stable performance, low cost and other advantages.
(2) the present invention is with zinc film for photocathode, and preparation is simple, easy to operate, reproducible.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention;
Wherein, the 1-the first workbench, the 2-the first moving guide rail, 3-ultraviolet lamp bracket, 4-uviol lamp, 5-filter holder, 6-optical filter, 7-uviol window, 8-insulating stand, 9-fixed station, 10-photocathode frame, 11-photocathode, the 12-the second workbench, the 13-the second moving guide rail, 14-electron multiplier frame, 15-electron multiplier, 16-vacuum meter, the 17-the first flange, the 18-the second flange, 19-vacuum tank, 20-observation window, 21-high-voltage power supply, 22-electrometer, 23-molecular pump, 24-mechanical pump, 25-temperature control system.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments in detail the present invention is described in detail, but is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of electron multiplier testing arrangement adopting photoelectric method to produce incident electron source, described device comprises: the first workbench 1, first moving guide rail 2, ultraviolet lamp bracket 3, uviol lamp 4, filter holder 5, optical filter 6, uviol window 7, insulating stand 8, fixed station 9, photocathode frame 10, photocathode 11, second workbench 12, second moving guide rail 13, electron multiplier frame 14, electron multiplier 15, vacuum meter 16, first flange 17, second flange 18, vacuum tank 19, observation window 20, high-voltage power supply 21, electrometer 22, molecular pump 23, mechanical pump 24, temperature control system 25.
Vacuum tank 19 is fixed on the first workbench 1, and the second workbench 12 is fixed on the brace table of vacuum tank 19 inside, and insulating stand 8 is fixed on the second workbench 12; Fixed station 9 and the second moving guide rail 13 are individually fixed in above insulating stand 8, and the second moving guide rail 13 is positioned on the right side of fixed station 9, and photocathode 11 is fixed on above fixed station 9 by photocathode frame 10; Electron multiplier 15 is arranged on the second moving guide rail 13 by electron multiplier frame 14; It is outside that first flange 17, second flange 18, vacuum meter 16 are installed on vacuum tank 19 respectively; Mechanical pump 24 and molecular pump 23 are positioned at below the first workbench 1, and mechanical pump 24 is connected with molecular pump 23, and molecular pump 23 is connected with vacuum tank 19; Temperature control system 25 is positioned at below the first workbench 1, and is connected with vacuum tank 19; When described device carries out work, high-voltage power supply 21, electrometer 22 are connected with vacuum tank 19 by the first flange 17 or the second flange 18;
Vacuum tank 19 has former and later two end caps, two end caps use Double seal ring sealing structure respectively, drive end bearing bracket is provided with the uviol window 7 that can pass through 254nm ultraviolet light, and rear end cap is provided with observation window 20, and the size of described uviol window 7 and observation window 20 is determined all according to actual needs;
First moving guide rail 2 fixed placement is on the first workbench 1, and the outside being positioned at vacuum tank 19 is near the side of uviol window 7, uviol lamp 4 is arranged on above the first moving guide rail 2 by ultraviolet lamp bracket 3, optical filter 6 is arranged on above the first moving guide rail 2 by filter holder 5, and is positioned at the right side of uviol lamp 4;
Electron multiplier 15 is provided with entrance aperture, the entrance aperture of uviol lamp 4, optical filter 6, uviol window 7, photocathode 11, electron multiplier 15 arrays from left to right, and the center of uviol lamp 4, optical filter 6, uviol window 7, photocathode 11 4 is all just right with the entrance aperture of electron multiplier 15;
Electron multiplier 15 is more than 1 or 1, and quantity is relevant to the size of vacuum tank 19 and the second moving guide rail 13; The quantity of electron multiplier frame 14 is consistent with the quantity of electron multiplier 15, one_to_one corresponding; When electron multiplier 15 is more than 1, by mobile electron multiplier frame 14 make successively each electron multiplier 15 respectively with photocathode 11 center just to testing;
Described photocathode 11 is zinc film, and thickness is 12nm;
Electron multiplier 15 can be replaced dynode thin slice;
Adopt the method for testing step of device of the present invention as follows:
(1) clean vacuum tank 19: dip in absolute ethyl alcohol wiped clean vacuum tank 19 inwall and inner all component with absorbent gauze;
(2) electron multiplier 15 is installed: be connected with outside line by the flange of the stem of electron multiplier 15 by vacuum tank 19 outside, with universal meter test flange outside lead post, guarantee wiring is correct, then electron multiplier 15 is positioned on electron multiplier frame 14, makes its entrance aperture alignment light negative electrode 11 center;
(3) vacuum tank 19 vacuumizes: open mechanical pump 24 and take out in advance, when vacuum is evacuated to 1Pa, opens molecular pump 23, is evacuated to 2.0 × 10
-5pa, while vacuumizing, opening temp. control system 25 pairs of vacuum tanks 19 carry out bakeout degassing, and baking temperature rises to 250 DEG C from room temperature, are incubated 1 hour after reaching 250 DEG C;
(4) making alive test: open uviol lamp 4, and adjust incident intensity and make incident electron stream reach I
0during to-3pA, test voltage U is added to the first dynode of electron multiplier 15, from-100V, namely increases voltage to-400V, when test voltage is-100V, measure and the first dynode electric current of recorded electronic multiplier 15, often increase-100V voltage, measure respectively and the first dynode electric current of recorded electronic multiplier 15, i.e. collected current I, in table 1, after the first dynode voltage of electron multiplier 15 is increased to-400V, test voltage V is added to electron multiplier 15 entirety, namely from-1000V, voltage is increased to-2500V, when test voltage is-1000V, measure and recorded electronic multiplier 15 electric current, often increase-100V voltage, measure respectively and recorded electronic multiplier 15 electric current, i.e. collected current I, in table 2, when electron multiplier 15 voltage is increased to-2500V, complete gain test, operating voltage is reduced to 0V, and calculate electron multiplier 15 gain.
Table 1
Table 2
The present invention includes but be not limited to above embodiment, every any equivalent replacement of carrying out under the principle of spirit of the present invention or local improvement, all will be considered as within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the electron multiplier testing arrangement adopting photoelectric method to produce incident electron source, it is characterized in that: described device comprises: the first workbench (1), first moving guide rail (2), ultraviolet lamp bracket (3), uviol lamp (4), filter holder (5), optical filter (6), uviol window (7), insulating stand (8), fixed station (9), photocathode frame (10), photocathode (11), second workbench (12), second moving guide rail (13), electron multiplier frame (14), electron multiplier (15), vacuum meter (16), first flange (17), second flange (18), vacuum tank (19), observation window (20), high-voltage power supply (21), electrometer (22), molecular pump (23), mechanical pump (24), temperature control system (25),
Vacuum tank (19) is fixed on the first workbench (1), second workbench (12) is fixed on the inner brace table of vacuum tank (19), and insulating stand (8) is fixed on the second workbench (12); Fixed station (9) and the second moving guide rail (13) are individually fixed in insulating stand (8) top, second moving guide rail (13) is positioned at fixed station (9) right side, and photocathode (11) is fixed on fixed station (9) top by photocathode frame (10); Electron multiplier (15) is arranged on the second moving guide rail (13) by electron multiplier frame (14); It is outside that first flange (17), the second flange (18), vacuum meter (16) are installed on vacuum tank (19) respectively; Mechanical pump (24) and molecular pump (23) are positioned at the first workbench (1) below, mechanical pump (24) is connected with molecular pump (23), and molecular pump (23) is connected with vacuum tank (19); Temperature control system (25) is positioned at the first workbench (1) below, and is connected with vacuum tank (19); When described device carries out work, high-voltage power supply (21), electrometer (22) are connected with vacuum tank (19) by the first flange (17) or the second flange (18);
Vacuum tank (19) has former and later two end caps, two end caps use Double seal ring sealing structure respectively, drive end bearing bracket is provided with the uviol window (7) that can pass through 254nm ultraviolet light, rear end cap is provided with observation window (20), and the size of described uviol window (7) and observation window (20) is determined all according to actual needs;
First moving guide rail (2) fixed placement is on the first workbench (1), and be positioned at the side of outside near uviol window (7) of vacuum tank (19), uviol lamp (4) is arranged on the first moving guide rail (2) top by ultraviolet lamp bracket (3), optical filter (6) is arranged on the first moving guide rail (2) top by filter holder (5), and is positioned at the right side of uviol lamp (4);
Electron multiplier (15) is provided with entrance aperture, the entrance aperture of uviol lamp (4), optical filter (6), uviol window (7), photocathode (11), electron multiplier (15) arrays from left to right, and the center of uviol lamp (4), optical filter (6), uviol window (7), photocathode (11) four is all just right with the entrance aperture of electron multiplier (15);
Electron multiplier (15) is more than 1, and quantity is relevant to the size of vacuum tank (19) and the second moving guide rail (13); The quantity of electron multiplier frame (14) is consistent with the quantity of electron multiplier (15), one_to_one corresponding; When electron multiplier (15) is for being greater than 1, by mobile electron multiplier frame (14) make successively each electron multiplier (15) respectively with photocathode (11) center just to testing.
2. a kind of electron multiplier testing arrangement adopting photoelectric method to produce incident electron source according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described photocathode (11) is zinc film, and thickness is 10 ~ 20nm.
3. a kind of electron multiplier testing arrangement adopting photoelectric method to produce incident electron source according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described electron multiplier (15) replaces with dynode thin slice.
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| CN103267909B (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2015-04-15 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Electron multiplier test system generating incident electron source with photoelectric method |
| CN103693256B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-09-30 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | A kind of device and method of deblocking sample sealer |
| CN104465294B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2017-02-01 | 西安交通大学 | Dynamic multi-stage serial connection coaxial butterfly-type channel dynode electron multiplier |
| CN104749415B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-09-19 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | A kind of detector based on electron multiplier |
| CN109001969B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-04-21 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Microchannel plate electron multiplier |
| CN109489718B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-09-17 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Comprehensive platform for testing internal components of fusion reactor |
| CN113970884B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-04-07 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Cesium atomic clock beam optical component position dynamic optimization system |
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| US5105451A (en) * | 1988-12-07 | 1992-04-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrographic process utilizing fluorescent toner and filtered detector for generating an electrical image signal |
| CN101208768A (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2008-06-25 | 浜松光子学株式会社 | Photomultiplier |
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| GB2456559B (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2011-08-24 | Entpr Ltd | Drive and measurement circuit for a photomultiplier |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5105451A (en) * | 1988-12-07 | 1992-04-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrographic process utilizing fluorescent toner and filtered detector for generating an electrical image signal |
| CN101208768A (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2008-06-25 | 浜松光子学株式会社 | Photomultiplier |
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