CN103241125B - 高压系统和相应的监控方法 - Google Patents

高压系统和相应的监控方法 Download PDF

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CN103241125B
CN103241125B CN201310049285.3A CN201310049285A CN103241125B CN 103241125 B CN103241125 B CN 103241125B CN 201310049285 A CN201310049285 A CN 201310049285A CN 103241125 B CN103241125 B CN 103241125B
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monitoring
high voltage
monitoring unit
voltage component
insulation resistance
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CN103241125A (zh
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S.佐博尔
S.克拉策
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
    • H02H3/17—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass by means of an auxiliary voltage injected into the installation to be protected
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/005—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of too low isolation resistance, too high load, short-circuit; earth fault
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to mechanical injury, e.g. rupture of line, breakage of earth connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
    • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
    • G01R31/007—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks using microprocessors or computers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/28—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus
    • H02H3/30—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus using pilot wires or other signalling channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Tests Of Circuit Breakers, Generators, And Electric Motors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种高压系统和相应的监控方法，尤其在机动车中的高压系统，其带有：多个高压部件(1‑3)，其相应通有高电压；以及带有至少一个绝缘测量仪用于测量高压部件(1‑3)与地之间的绝缘电阻；且至少带有监控单元(5)用于监控高压部件(1‑3)的绝缘电阻。提出，绝缘测量仪以少于90秒的短的时间间隔持续地测量绝缘电阻，且当所测得的绝缘电阻低于预设的最小值时，监控单元(5)关断高压部件(1‑3)。

Description

高压系统和相应的监控方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其在机动车中的高压系统和一种相应的监控方法。
背景技术
在现代商用车中越来越多地使用具有多个通有高压的高压部件的高压系统。在此重要的是，高压部件相对于地具有足够的绝缘电阻。因此已知通过绝缘测量仪测量高压部件的绝缘电阻，其中，监控单元监控所测得的绝缘电阻。然而至今仅以相对大的时间间隔来测量绝缘电阻的测量值。此外至今独立于绝缘电阻的测量值未实现高压部件的关断。
发明内容
因此本发明目的在于相应地改进已知的高压系统。此外，本发明目的在于提供一种相应的监控方法。
该目的根据独立权利要求通过根据本发明的高压系统或通过根据本发明的监控方法来实现。
本发明包括通常的技术教导，即绝缘测量仪以少于90秒的短的时间间隔在运行中持续地(laufend)测量绝缘电阻，其中，如果所测得的绝缘电阻低于预设的最小值(这可推断出绝缘故障)，监控单元关断高压部件。
在本发明的一优选的实施例中监控单元和各个高压元件通过环状的监控线路(Ueberwachungsleitung)相互连接，其中，该监控线路也可被称为互锁-信号线路。环状的监控线路在此从监控单元出发且依次伸延通过各个高压部件且最后引回至监控单元。在运行中监控单元经由环状的监控线路发送询问信号至各个高压部件，使得只要监控线路未中断，所发送的询问信号在通过各个高压部件之后最后又到达监控单元。然后监控单元持续地检查由监控单元发送的询问信号在经过环状的监控线路之后是否又被监控单元接收，这可推断出监控线路完好。假如监控单元然而又未接收询问信号，那么这可推断出监控线路中断，这例如可由高压线的中断或者由未插上的高压插接连接(Hochspannungssteckverbindung)引起。在这样的情况中，监控单元关断高压部件，以避免故障情况。
在这样的故障情况中优选地由监控单元关断高压系统的所有高压部件。然而本发明也要求对于变型的保护，在其中监控单元仅关断高压系统的一些或者仅仅一个单个的高压部件。
在本发明的一优选的实施例中，高压部件相应通过高压插接连接联接到高压线处，这本身由现有技术已知。监控线路在此优选地被引导穿过高压插接连接，使得当高压插接连接中的至少一个断开时监控线路中断。引导监控线路穿过各个高压插接连接即会使监控单元能够检查高压插接连接是否插上。如果全部的高压插接连接插上，那么不同高压部件的高压仅被监控单元释放。
此外在本发明的一优选的实施例中各个高压部件通过高压线相互连接，这本身同样由现有技术已知。优选地，监控线路在此引导穿过各个高压线，使得高压线的断开还导致监控线路的断开，这被监控单元识别，因为由监控单元发出的询问信号由于监控线路中断而不再被引回至监控单元。在这样的故障情况中监控单元那么优选地关断全部的高压部件或者高压部件中的至少一些。
上述已实施的是，绝缘测量仪以少于90秒的短的时间间隔持续地测量各个高压部件的绝缘电阻。优选地，绝缘测量甚至明显更频繁地以少于60秒的时间间隔或者甚至以少于30秒的时间间隔实现。
此外应提及的是，高压部件的关断优选地如此快速地实现，使得高压在少于60秒之内被降低到少于60V。
此外应提及的是，本发明不限于前述的根据本发明的高压系统，而是还包括装备有这样的高压系统的机动车(例如商用车)。
最后，本发明还包括一种相应的监控方法，如已从前述说明中所得出的那样，使得在监控方法方面参考前述说明。
附图说明
本发明的其它的有利的改进方案在从属权利要求中来表明或者接下来与本发明的优选的实施例的说明一起根据附图来详细阐述。其中：
图1显示根据本发明的高压系统的示意性的图示，以及
图2以流程图的形式显示根据本发明的监控方法。
附图标记清单
1 高压部件
2 高压部件
3 高压部件
4 低压线
5 监控单元
6 监控线路
7 线束(Kabelstrang)
8 线束
9 高压线
10 高压线
11 隔离线(Schirmungsleitung)
12 隔离线
13 高压插接连接
14 高压插接连接
15 高压插接连接。
具体实施方式
图1显示根据本发明的高压系统，其可被使用在商用车(例如载重汽车)中。
根据本发明的高压系统具有多个高压部件1、2、3，其在附图中仅示意性地示出。例如高压部件1-3可以是传感器或执行器，然而在高压部件的技术功能方面本发明不限于这些功能。
绝缘测量仪相应集成到高压部件1-3中，其为了简化未示出。集成的绝缘测量仪相应测量一方面高压部件1-3的通有高压的构件与另一方面地之间的绝缘电阻。所测得的绝缘电阻经由低压线4(“LV-线”)被传输到监控单元5(“安全协调器(Sicherheitskoordinator)”)处，其中,监控单元5检查各个高压部件1-3的绝缘电阻的所测得的值是否足够或者是否可推断出故障情况。假如绝缘电阻的所测得的值太低，那么监控单元5经由低压线4关断各个高压部件1-3。
此外，根据本发明的高压系统具有监控线路6(“互锁-信号线路”)，其中，监控线路6将监控单元5环状地与高压部件1-3连接。
在此应提及的是，高压部件1-3通过线束7、8相互连接，其中，线束7、8相应包含高压线9或10、隔离线11或12和监控单元6。监控单元6即引导穿过在高压部件1-3之间的两个线束7、8，使得线束7或8的由故障引起的断开也导致监控单元6的断开。为了识别线束7或8的这样的断开，监控单元5经由监控线路6发送询问信号，其中，在正常运行中，询问信号在经过高压部件1-3之后又到达监控单元5，在此监控单元5可识别出线束7、8是完好的。而假如询问信号未又到达监控单元5，那么监控单元5得出线束7、8中的至少一个中断，紧接着监控单元5经由低压线4关断高压部件1-3。
此外应提及的是，高压线9、10相应经由高压插接连接13-15与高压部件1-3相连接。监控线路6在此如此引导穿过高压插接连接13-15，使得如果高压插接连接13-15中的至少一个未插上，监控线路6被自动中断。监控单元5即也可经由关于监控线路6的相应的询问识别出高压插接连接13-15是否插上。假如该检查得出高压插接连接13-15中的至少一个未插上，那么监控单元5经由低压线4关断高压部件1-3，以确保可靠运行。
接下来现在根据图2中的流程图来阐述根据本发明的用于前述高压系统的监控方法。
首先在第一步S1中检查商用车的电器网络的端子(Klemme)15是否通有电压。即检查商用车的电器网络是否接通。该检查被重复直至在第一步S1中确定，在电器网络的端子15处施加有电压。
接下来然后在第二步S2中首先实现高压关断，也就是说监控单元5经由低压线4关断高压部件1-3。
然后在第三步S3中实现(如前所述)绝缘测量，也就是说集成到高压部件1-3中的绝缘测量仪测量相应的绝缘电阻。
然后在第四步S4中检查相应的绝缘是否足够。
假如不是这种情况，则转到步骤S2，紧接着关断高压部件1-3。
而假如在步骤S4中的检查得出足够的绝缘电阻，则在步骤S5中经由监控线路6实现前述的互锁-询问，以检查全部的高压插接连接13-15是否接上且线束7，8是否没有中断。
假如是这种情况，则同样转到步骤S2，紧接着关断高压部件1-3。
而假如不仅绝缘测量而且互锁-询问无故障地进行，则转到步骤S7，在其中高压部件1-3的高压被释放。
接下来然后在步骤S8中又检查是否在电器网络的端子15处施加有电压。
假如不是这种情况，那么在最后的步骤S9中关断高压部件1-3的高压。
否则与此相反又转到步骤S3，在那里发生绝缘测量。
本发明不限于前述的优选的实施例。大量变体和变型而是可能的，其同样使用本发明思想且因此处于保护范围中。此外，独立于所参考的权利要求，本发明还要求保护从属权利要求的特征和对象。

Claims (7)

1.一种高压系统，其带有
a) 多个高压部件(1-3)，其相应通有高电压，
b) 多个绝缘测量仪用于测量所述高压部件(1-3)与地之间的绝缘电阻，以及
c) 至少一个监控单元(5)用于监控所述高压部件(1-3)的绝缘电阻，
d) 其中，设置有环状的监控线路(6)，所述监控线路从所述监控单元(5)出发且依次伸延通过各个所述高压部件(1-3)且最后引回至所述监控单元(5)，
e) 其中，所述监控单元(5)经由环状的所述监控线路(6)发送询问信号，
f) 其中，所述监控单元(5)检查由所述监控单元(5)发送的所述询问信号在经过环状的所述监控线路(6)后是否又被所述监控单元(5)接收，
g) 其中，如果所述监控单元(5)未接收所述询问信号，所述监控单元(5)关断所述高压部件(1-3)，
其特征在于，
h) 所述绝缘测量仪以少于90秒的短的时间间隔持续地测量所述绝缘电阻，并且
i) 当所测得的绝缘电阻低于预设的最小值时，所述监控单元(5)关断所述高压部件(1-3)；
j) 所述高压部件(1-3)通过高压线(9、10)相互连接，
k) 所述监控线路(6)成环通过所述高压线(9、10)，使得当至少一个高压线(9、10)断开时所述监控线路(6)中断。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高压系统，其特征在于，
a) 所述高压部件(1-3)相应通过高压插接连接(13-15)联接到高压线(9、10)处，并且
b) 所述监控线路(6)被引导穿过所述高压插接连接(13-15)，使得当所述高压插接连接(13-15)中的至少一个断开时所述监控线路(6)中断。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高压系统，其特征在于，
a) 所述绝缘测量仪以少于60秒的短的时间间隔持续地测量所述绝缘电阻，并且/或者
b) 在所述高压部件(1-3)关断时，高压在少于60秒之内被降低到小于60V。
4.一种机动车，其带有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的高压系统。
5.一种用于高压系统的监控方法，其带有以下步骤：
a) 测量所述高压系统的高压部件(1-3)的绝缘电阻，
b) 通过监控单元(5)监控所测得的所述高压系统的各个高压部件(1-3)的绝缘电阻，
c) 设置有环状的监控线路(6)，其从所述监控单元(5)出发且依次伸延通过各个所述高压部件(1-3)且最后引回至所述监控单元(5)，
d) 所述监控单元(5)经由环状的所述监控线路(6)发送询问信号，
e) 所述监控单元(5)检查由所述监控单元(5)发送的所述询问信号在经过环状的所述监控线路(6)后是否又被所述监控单元(5)接收，
f) 如果所述监控单元(5)未接收所述询问信号，所述监控单元(5)关断所述高压部件(1-3)，
其特征在于，
g) 以少于90秒的短的时间间隔持续地测量各个所述高压部件(1-3)的绝缘电阻，并且
h) 如果所测得的绝缘电阻低于预设的最小值时，所述监控单元(5)关断所述高压部件(1-3)，
i) 所述高压部件(1-3)通过高压线(9、10)相互连接，
j) 所述监控线路(6)成环通过所述高压线(9、10)，使得当至少一个高压线(9、10)断开时所述监控线路(6)中断。
6.根据权利要求5所述的监控方法，其特征在于，
a) 所述高压部件(1-3)相应通过高压插接连接(13-15)联接到高压线(9、10)处，并且
b) 所述监控线路(6)被引导穿过所述高压插接连接(13-15)，使得当所述高压插接连接(13-15)中的至少一个断开时所述监控线路(6)中断。
7.根据权利要求5至权利要求6中任一项所述的监控方法，其特征在于，
a) 所述绝缘测量仪以少于60秒的短的时间间隔持续地测量所述绝缘电阻，并且/或者
b) 在所述高压部件(1-3)关断时，高压在少于60秒之内被降低到小于60V。
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