CN103229601B - Method and apparatus for forming non-isothermal plasma jet - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for forming non-isothermal plasma jet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103229601B CN103229601B CN201180033388.XA CN201180033388A CN103229601B CN 103229601 B CN103229601 B CN 103229601B CN 201180033388 A CN201180033388 A CN 201180033388A CN 103229601 B CN103229601 B CN 103229601B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- plasma
- air
- jet
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/48—Generating plasma using an arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3405—Arrangements for stabilising or constricting the arc, e.g. by an additional gas flow
Abstract
The present invention relates to by the gas flow by the discharge of electricity under the direct current or exchange high electric voltage of single-phase or three-phase, the method generating non-isothermal plasma axisymmetric jet, wherein above-mentioned electric discharge is triggered by plasma discharge, and by electromagnetic force and the pulling force that applied by air-flow promote and be limited at electrode end it is characterised in that：Promote electric discharge plasma air-flow obtained plasma jet be all a little stable, the invention still further relates to the equipment of using method, especially air-flow promotes allotter to include stratified flow or the rapid part expanding system in cellular system, wherein field system forms plasma lines and conduit, and this conduit is used for promotion and the rotary gas component that guiding promotes air-flow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to by close on the pressure of atmospheric pressure control non-isothermal plasma jet generation method and
Realize the device of the method.
Background technology
The generation of plasma jet is related to material conversion technology, especially with plasma chemical, more particularly with product,
The destruction of waste material is related.
In practice, especially industrially and to be used in particular for destroying family, medical treatment, industrial and otherwise waste material the most public
Know that with the most frequently used plasma generator be isothermal plasma generator using unidirectional current, alternating current and high frequency, microwave.
" isothermal " means plasma different component, especially compared with the temperature of heavy particle (molecule, atom, base and ion)
Temperature Te of Ta and electronics is actually equal.According to definition, no matter its volume which point, possess following conditions,
Te=Ta [1]
Then plasma is isothermal.
The plasma that above-mentioned generator produces is all generally isothermal.It means that the chemical reaction that plasma occurs
It is by the local thermodynamic equilibrium reaction of for example famous Arrhenius (Arrhenius) theorem states.Isothermal plasma
Concentration of component generally by known Saha (saha) equation determine.
If accelerating plasma electron and causing excitation and the electric field intensity of ionization reaction to raise in the plasma
Enough, plasma can be changed into non-isothermal, that is,：
Te>Ta [2]
In order to produce relation (2), electric field intensity E need to obey this class condition (the weakly ionized situation of plasma)：
E>k.Ta.ne.Q/e [3]
Wherein, e be electron charge (e=1,610-19C)
K is Boltzmann constant (k=1,410-19J/K)
Ta is the temperature of the heavier component (molecule, base, atom, ion) of plasma；
Q is the effective cross-section (m of elastic collision between the electronics of plasma and neutral component2)；
neIt is the concentration (m of free electron- 3)
If Ta～2000K, ne～10+19m-3, Q～10-18m2, then have E>2.104V/m.
Under nonisothermal state, it is favourable that the practical application of plasma is technically possible.For example it is used for above-mentioned useless
The situation that material is destroyed.In fact, in this case, the electronics with huge kinetic energy advantageously forms anakmetomeres and base (is excited
The molecularity sent out and the state of base are formed), especially especially effective to destroying organic molecule.
In prior art, the prior art especially relating to waste material destruction brings and conventional incineration method phase to user
The more effective plasma technology of ratio, above-mentioned plasma technology is under atmospheric pressure, using isothermal (that is, in thermodynamic equilibrium state)
As supply unidirectional current, alternating current, wireless frequency or microwave the such plasma fluid generator of arc generator.
According to formation condition, the temperature grade of this plasma is 6000～12000K.
Obviously this plasma is effective to destroying the most of organic molecule forming described waste material.It is for pin
Ruin non-organic molecule similarly effective.
With plasma quenching, (it is quick that the state of prevention a lot of deleterious molecular, especially dioxin and furan is recombinated
Cooling) method, compared with conventional thermal chemical technology, these technology are proved to advantageously (for example, refer to
ZhukovM.F.Izv.S.O.AN USSR,Ser.Techn.Nauk,197U,VI(8)P 12-18；Burov I.S.,
Ermolaeva E.M.,Mosse A.L.,Minsk ITMO 1975,p.71-78；Equally can be found in
www.europlasma.com).
But, the temperature levels (6000-12000K) being previously mentioned are unnecessary.If we under atmospheric pressure using etc.
Isothermal plasma, because the electron concentration of needs can be defined as the electrical conductivity of plasma by temperature levels (T=Ta=Te), on
State electrical conductivity and ensure that electric arc and the energy balance of produced plasma jet, so this temperature levels is necessary.But,
Temperature levels are unnecessary to realizing the Plasma chemical reaction that waste material to be solved destroys.This temperature levels makes to use isothermal
Plasma generator itself produce huge energy expenditure so that it is suspected that.Although comparing isothermal plasma jet more
Good, but the conventional incineration technology using the filter technology especially cheap, volume is big and efficiency is low is still current solution party
Case.
Therefore, acceptable solution is to utilize non-isothermal plasma, temperature levels (Ta) of its heavier component etc.
Level should be 2000-2500K, and, for realizing pursued chemical reaction enough, for example, it is for destruction for this temperature grade
Waste material, but it is necessary for being formed without harmful chemical constituent, but when electron temperature grade is in 6000-12000K, which ensure that
Support the enough electric currents needed for discharge mechanism and the plasma jet energy balance.
Non-isothermal plasma generator has been suggested and has been protected by patent, and is employed (example in newly industry
As referring to Engelsht V.S., Saichenko A.N., Okopnik G.M., Musin N.U.XI Vsesoyuznaya
Konf.Po generatoram nizkotemperaturnoy plazmi,Novosibirsk,1989；P 255；
Desiatkov G.A., Enguelsht V.S., Saichenko A.N., Musin N.U. etc. Plasma Jets in the
Development of New Materials Technology.Proc.Of the International Workshop 3-
9September,Frunze,USSR Ed.O.P.Solonenko,A.I.Fedorchenko.VSP,Utrecht,(NL),
Tokyo(Japan),pp 499-509；Can also be referring to www.glidarc.com).
The principle that above-mentioned generator is slided under high voltages based on electric arc between two electrodes of different geometries
Application.By the discharge excitation on electrode each other immediate position, the electromagnetic force producing because of magnetic field, electric arc promotes these electricity
The length of pole to, wherein above-mentioned magnetic field by the electric current flowing through on electrode and on electric arc actually along the axle perpendicular to these electrodes
The electric current that direction is flow through produces.Further, the motion of electric arc is probably to be excited by the longitudinal air flow promoting gas, and said flow has
Help swim formation plasma jet under the electrodes.Gradually slide with electric arc, its length and reactance increase, but current intensity subtracts
Little.Become too weak in sometime electric current, so that the energy balance discharged can not be supported, and electric arc disappears.Therefore, new electric discharge
It is newly exciting based on electrode, and its process is repeated.Therefore, along the length of electrode to electric arc " back and forth " motion forever.?
In this motion, electric arc is forming " plasma cloud " about, and the characteristic of this plasma cloud, especially life cycle depend on
Produce the characteristic of the gas of electric discharge, the presence situation of the hydromechanicses flux of gas, the voltage amplitude water between electrode wherein
The different geometries of gentle electrode.In the case of this plasma cloud can ensure that no current in its life cycle, electric conductor
The presence in region.If the cycle of plasma exceedes the interval that potential pulse between these electrodes is separated, can not only by
Unidirectional current supplies electric arc, also pulse current can be supplied electric arc, especially it is also possible to supply alternating current to slip electric arc, such as
The alternating current of 50Hz.
These slip electric arcs are by supplying unidirectional current, single-phase and three-phase alternating current generator is formed.In supply three-phase alternating current
Under electric situation, the solution of three electrodes or six electrodes has industrially proposed and has realized.Application three electrodes and six electrodes are proposed
(referring to Engelsht V.S., Gurovich V.Ts., Desyatkov G.A., Musin N.U., Saitchenko
A.N.Experimental investigation and application of the high-voltage low-
Current arc in gas flow.20th ICPIG.-Barga, 1991 P.978-919) it is in order to unification is given birth to as far as possible
The region of the plasma becoming, this is because this plasma does not have thermodynamical equilibrium and therefore comprises the molecule of metastable state
Big collection with base.The potential energy (non-thermal effect) of these molecules, and be not only that its power capacity (heat effect) can divide
Solve the particle of these materials, to be destroyed by plasma.
The method being previously mentioned and generator have as a drawback that so that it is difficult to application in practice, or significantly reduce
Its efficiency：
1. the plasma jet being generated is spatially uneven；
2. the plasma unstable being generated；
3. it is unable to control method and its parameter；
4. limited (reducing) size of heating region；
5. plasma generating area is limited (in heating region, the presence of electrode hampers formation range) by electrode.
The fact that the electric arc sliding in definition makees steady motion is probably bad, because which determining spatially not
Uniformity and the unstability of the plasma being generated.
Author (Desyatkov etc.) mentioned above also been proposed a kind of configuration of electrode, once electric arc reaches electrode
End, the just position of spatially fixed arc.Therefore, on the one hand, electric current line be subject to promote the pulling force of air-flow and electromagnetic force and
Bending, on the other hand, is kept the electric arc mobilization force resistance of its position by the ionization degree highest region in space and curved
Bent.
This solution has advantage than slip electric arc scheme.But experimental work show electric arc and be generated by etc.
Gas ions jet is unstable.This unstability is mainly caused by the mixed and disorderly characteristic promoting air-flow.
Furthermore, it is contemplated that the plasma jet length being generated is shorter, it is difficult to by avoiding by penetrating that process object reflects
Stream does not make the part of generator, and especially electrode changes, and carrys out the process work of objective for implementation.Therefore it is highly desirable to plasma
Jet should be considerably longer.But, according to prior art, it is impossible for extending plasma jet, because in prior art, examines
Consider the raising of power loss in practice to jet size square, square proportional close to spheroid form, therefore this
The input power of kind of generator, energy efficiency improve seldom.
Content of the invention
Under foregoing background, a technical problem to be solved of the present invention is to design closing on atmospheric pressure or exceeding big
Under the pressure of air pressure, a kind of generation method of stable non-isothermal plasma jet, it can be used in preferable mode, thus
Especially in waste material, particularly organic waste materials are destroyed or regeneration field, industrially realize Plasma chemical reaction.
One advantage is in plasma chemical reactor space utilization uniform non-isothermal plasma jet generation method.
Equally preferably stablize at any time in all periods of plasma chemical process and penetrated using non-plasma plasma
Stream generating method.
Equally more preferably plasma jet is used with elongate form, and therefore length and the relation of diameter is substantially beyond degree
Amount unit.Equally more preferably using the non-isothermal plasma jet of layering, with by whole energy limiting with environmental gas center
Measure the mode exchanging to increase its length.
One bigger advantage is：According to the composition of supply gas component, shape, characteristic and treated substance, all of skill
Art all can ensure that variable control process.
Due to, under the pressure closing on atmospheric pressure, generating non-isothermal plasma jet, all purposes of the present invention all may be used
Realize.According under the assistance by the discharge of electricity under the direct current or exchange high electric voltage of single-phase or three-phase in the gas flow, generate
The method of non-isothermal plasma axisymmetric jet, this electric discharge, by puncturing plasma triggering, is applied by electromagnetic force with by air-flow
Plus pulling force promote and be limited at electrode end it is characterised in that：The air-flow of plasma promoting electric discharge is obtained
Plasma jet be all a little stable, speed V* relevant with gas, in the institute promoting stream a little, obey type
Relation：
r*<D*, V* (r*)=1
D*≤r*≤1, V* (r*)=1-cos [π (r*-1)/2 (D*-1)]
And meet the hydromechanicses stability condition of electric arc,
V≤Re*·η/ρ·D
Wherein,
D*=D/D0；R*=2r/D0
D and D0It is the external diameter of jet and the diameter of delamination area respectively, and D≤D0；
R is by the jet point radius determining flow velocity V；
V0It is the speed of stratified flow；
Re* is the critical number of the NR of stationary flow；
η and ρ is respectively at a temperature of the promotion stream of the present invention, promotes dynamic viscosity and the density of gas.With realization such as
The device of the upper described method of generation non-isothermal plasma jet, in said apparatus, promotes the tool by the present invention for the air-flow
There is the air-flow distributor entering junction station, the device forming velocity profile and grizzly to enter to lead in the region forming electric arc.
Brief description
Other technical problems to be solved of the present invention, feature and advantage can be by being additional to accompanying drawing, the figure of the application
Table and explanation carry out clear performance, wherein：
Fig. 1 represents in both cases by under gas streamed alternating current (50Hz) state, gives birth between two electrodes
The configuration of the electric arc under the high voltage becoming：
Fig. 1 a：Air-flow is mixed and disorderly；
Fig. 1 b：Air-flow is formed as follows：Mobilization force pulse very little, particularly air-flow are layered；
Fig. 1 c also illustrates stable, the non-isothermal plasma jet edge of especially layering as the present invention proposes
Situation significantly more than the propagation of the length of non-stationary flow；
Fig. 2 represent realization can implement the present invention (《a》) the mechanism of device with cooling electrode two variation；
Fig. 2 a：Cooled down with air；
Fig. 2 b：It is water-cooled；
Fig. 3 represents that the non-isothermal plasma jet with three electrodes generates system, and this three electrodes are by three-phase current
Source supplies electric current；
Fig. 4 a represent based on two configure, have six electrodes non-isothermal plasma jet generate system, this six
Electrode supplies electric current by three-phase current source；
Fig. 4 b：Star-like connection；
Fig. 4 c：Triangle connects；
Fig. 5 a is represented and is powered by three-phase alternating current when generator, and equipped with three electrodes in substrate, has simultaneously
One annular electrode is to stretch by the part of the plasma jet of current excitation, and to control configuration in this way, thus should
Special case with the present invention；
Fig. 5 b represents the situation cooling down annular electrode by gas or water；
Fig. 6 represents the special case to each applying a magnetic field in six electrodes of non-isothermal jet generator feed；
Fig. 6 a is device transverse portion；
Fig. 6 b is longitudinal component, orientation supply magnetic field, electric discharge is converged to the axial region of plasma jet；
Fig. 6 c is longitudinal component, and orientation supply magnetic field, by the outer peripheral areas of breakdown location to plasma jet；
Fig. 6 d is longitudinal component, and magnetic field is continued for and keeps constant in time.In this case, electric discharge impact vibration；
Fig. 7 represents by six electrodes generations and is towed because of deflection system and/or coaxial magnetic field around its axle work rotation fortune
The transverse portion of dynamic non-isothermal plasma jet；
Fig. 8 represents that the air-flow that non-isothermal plasma jet is formed by the concentric region of gas promotes and stable special feelings
Shape, wherein, each gas concentric region has the flow by Valve controlling；
Fig. 9 is under two magnitudes of voltage, speed V of the promotion gas according to input, generates non-isothermal plasma jet
The length change curve of electric arc, wherein according to the present invention, this promotion gas is used for stablizing non-isothermal plasma jet V；
Figure 10 is the electrode configuration after removing central main portion；
Figure 11 is that have lamellated electrode configuration.
Specific embodiment
The principle of proposed method is：
Using jet generation method based on suggestion, this jet generation method is to supply under high voltages in the gas flow directly
Under the electric discharge of stream or single-phase or three-phase alternating current helps, the method for the axisymmetric jet of non-isothermal plasma, this electric discharge
By puncturing plasma triggering, and promoted and be limited at the end of electrode with the pulling force that applied by air-flow by electromagnetic force.
Plasma in this jet is in the nonisothermal state defining as formula [1]-[3], and this nonisothermal state is
Main advantages of the present invention.But, under existing application, the plasma jet being generated is mixed and disorderly, in practice, non-etc.
The advantage of isothermal plasma is not utilized, and because the energy exchange in mixed and disorderly plasma is too strong, these energy cannot
It is used：The energy of electronics, the energy of be stimulated particle and the free radical ultimately forming and be in metastable state, energy is all
It is " wasted " and heat dissipation.
The present invention by limit thermal dissipation on the contrary and can optimise the state of the particle that is excited and utilizes these
Principal advantages.
The present invention passes through the air-flow applying supplying and promoting plasma jet is acted on stable plasma jet.Surely
The feature of qualitative mainly hydromechanicses.This stability is tissue encirclement and promotes all points of the air-flow of plasma jet
In following conditions：Convective exchange eliminates, only exists molecule and dissipates, especially conduction of heat exists with when spreading.The present invention sends out
A person of good sense experience have shown that：
The relative velocity V* of gas, a little goes up in the institute promoting stream and should meet this class empirical relation：
r*<D*, V* (r*)=l [1]
D*≤r*≤l, V* (r*)=1-cos [π (r*-1)/2 (D*-1)] [2]
The stable condition of flowing dynamics should be met：
V≤Re*.η/ρ.D [3]
Wherein,
D*=D/D0；R*=2r/D0
D and D0It is the external diameter of jet and the diameter (D≤D of stability region respectively0)；
R is the radius of the jet point being determined by flowing velocity V；
V0It is the speed of stratified flow；
Re* is the critical Reynolds number of stationary flow；
η and ρ is dynamic viscosity and the density promoting gas respectively, and this gas promotes under the temperature and pressure promoting stream.
According to critical Reynolds number Re*, it is understood that stream is changed into the Reynolds of turbulence state with spontaneous manner from stratification state
The value of number.For the stream in axial symmetry pipeline, this value is known and the order of magnitude is 2000.Experience have shown that this Spontaneous conversion by neighbour
Speed difference between nearly fluid layer, more accurately to be determined by the gradient of described speed.The experience of the present inventor is true by it
Recognize it is envisaged that for the base flow with restriction size at a high speed, even if Reynolds number greatly exceed 2000, the attribute of exchange remains unchanged
It is maintained at molecule level.Such stream is referred to as pseudo- layering by the present inventor.The present inventor observes this puppet
Layering, Reynolds number (formal calculating) can reach 100000.It is enough for the stream being wrapped in liquid " shell ", stream exists
Change in a singular fashion in liquid " shell ", action mode is the velocity amplitude sliding to ambient flow from the central speed value of elementary streams,
Zero-speed especially under static situation.Being layered for pseudo- in order that flowing in addition, experience have shown that, needing to make the speed of the stream in zone line
Degree gradient is equal to zero on intermediate flow with the border of elementary streams and ambient flow.
Re* value may only be determined by experiment.The work that inventor is implemented shows actually Re*～1,
5.104.What this conclusion was likely to be suited for mentioning in the configuration of all plasma jets mentioned and the present invention realizes the method
Device.For other configurations, in order to be maintained at the field of present invention application, in the parameter determining with plasma jet and
Before rule, need known, classical hydromechanicses method is executed on the device being adopted, to determine Re* by rule of thumb,
Afterwards, the value of V is selected according to formula [3].
The present inventor experience have shown that, when pseudo- stratified flow flows through plasma line or electric arc, near plasma line
Pseudo- stratified condition actually automatically derived satisfaction, plasma line phase does not interfere with each other.Exchange and stream between keeps layering.
In order that plasma line (even if its axis has the direction vertical with the stream direction bypassing it) is not drained off by promotion
Disturb, stream is being sufficient to of pseudo- layering.
Relation [1]-[3] are the concrete instances realizing present invention puppet required for protection stratified condition.Therefore, particularly,
The present invention can make the energy exchange between plasma jet and surrounding medium minimize.Some examples show stable, pseudo-
Layering plasma jet may be very long.Therefore, it is possible to optimize jet and the electric charge (charge) of processed material
The mode of heat exchange and total amount exchange controls and optimizes shape and its energy loss of jet.
For example, it is possible to optimal example is to hang down using with the sense of current flowing through the plasma line generating plasma jet
Straight magnetic field.Electromagnetic force causes electric arc to rotate, and this electric arc is rotated in non-isothermal plasma jet internal excitation energy exchange.
The rotation of non-isothermal plasma jet again may be by introducing at a certain angle and promotes air-flow to penetrate in plasma
Excite energy exchange in stream to form plasma-vortex to obtain.
Can be by with respect to discharge current direction (flowing through alternating current), the direction applying along magnetic field, in each electrode
Middle applying a magnetic field, makes plasma line change the shape of plasma line closer or far from jet axis.Stationary magnetic field can be amplified
Or shorten the shape of jet.
Once plasma jet stable (pseudo- layering), by determining the energy exchange intensity around plasma line and non-etc.
The isoionic formation of temperature, stable and pseudo- layering (promoting the velocity conditions composition of gas), electromagnetic rotating, hydromechanicses rotation, pressure
The effect of the shape stretching of contracting or plasma line, the speed of binding plasma jet is good.Wherein, above-mentioned stretching can
To provide introducing mixed gas (to include, by contacting with non-isothermal plasma, being decomposed into activity in non-isothermal plasma jet
The component of particle) probability, and make excitation state and the combination of these gases, especially the destruction to organic molecule and such as
The convergence of the favourable free radical of recombinating of useful constituent as such in biogas is optimal.
Fig. 1 shows the principle of assembly of the invention.
Fig. 1 a shows as actually repeatedly shot as acquisition using with user, by the mark of the vortex flow of supply gas
The mixed and disorderly feature of the plasma lines 2 that the electrode 1 of standard apparatus produces.Can see electrode 1 with uncertain on room and time,
Unstable form transmitting plasma line 2.Heating region 3 around line is equally unstable over time and space.This is joined
Put the application of the plasma that greatly limit the type, it can not be referred to as plasma jet.
Fig. 1 b shows the principle result of the device of flow promoting gas using distribution.Plasma lines 2 are stable.
The gas jet 5 that plasma jet 4 is allocated device 6 generation is surrounded.It is stable and uniform configuration.
Fig. 1 c gives the principle contrast of mentioned above two kind situation：Plasma lines 2, heating region 3 are than mark
Longer in the notable elongation of the situation of standard apparatus and length.Stable plasma jet 4 is produced by gas jet 5.
Generally, realize the generation method of non-isothermal plasma jet stable as defined in the present invention
Device is as shown in Figure 2.Form is that the electric discharge 2 of the plasma line of actually constant part is placed on two electrodes 1 under high voltages
Between, this two electrode runs parallel or with respect to generator axis of symmetry differ special angle, its pass through metallic rod 7 and metal cone
8 are connected with alternating current power supply 9.Metal cone is connected with electric power system by capacitor 10, and may move the length of its axle, so that its
The distance change being separated with metallic rod.
The supply gas promoting and stablizing non-isothermal plasma jet 4 are by having header 12, sieve grid 13 and flow
The conduit 11 of (speed) distributor 14 introduces.
Header is by entry conductor 15 come supply gas.The component of the form of moisture drops of gas, liquid or injection can be led to
Cross conduit 16 to be added in air-flow.
Flow distributor 14 can be used to predetermine and control the radial distribution of air flow rate.As shown in Fig. 2 it is permissible
It is configured to particularly with the set of Nidus Vespae such minor diameter pipe configuration.The length situation of these pipes determines the transmitting with allotter
The situation of the kinetics impedance of radius change.It can be set up the stability predetermining air-flow and thus predetermine generation etc.
The speed conditions 17 (V (r)) of the stability of the stream of gas ions.Thus, it is possible to formation air-flow, the core 18 of its a diameter of D
There is constant speed, by diameter D0(19) periphery limiting has the radial direction situation predetermining.Experience have shown that this stream
There is all phenomenons and the feature of stratified flow.When this stream surrounds plasma lines, it makes plasma lines stabilize.This jet
The exchange in internal (region 4) is that molecule exchanges, and its concentration is substantially below the concentration that vortex exchanges.Especially, heat exchange and total amount
Exchange and determined by thermoelectricity conductance and middle diffusion, and do not exchanged by heat exchange and mixed and disorderly total amount and determine.Therefore, in intensity more
Weak, bigger on area.It can obtain large scale, and especially longer plasma jet is that is to say, that can be by plasma
Body delivers to farther distance, without losing the feature (enthalpy) being determined that Fig. 1 c represents.
On the other hand, according to assembly of the invention it is characterised in that：Form the device (14) of the speed conditions promoting air-flow
The axial symmetry system of coaxitron, this coaxitron configured with honeycomb manner and pass through the conductive support part of electrode longitudinally through,
Pipe axle is parallel with the axle of stream and the stream length of pipe is inversely proportional to the local speed of air-flow.
Bar 7 is built with the stream mechanical impedance form showing minimum, so that air-flow only local interference airflow characteristic.
Support that the metallic region in gas (electronics is automatically releasable) passes through the heat carrying out to discharge and can not because of electron charge
(in this case, it is possible to as shown in Figure 2 b, electrode 1 can be by passing through it to avoid the electrode 1 suffering erosion can pass through air-flow
Gas groove 20 insertion) or current (in this case, it is possible to as shown in Figure 2 c, electrode 1 is passed through by current 21) cooling down.
The metal cone 8 that electric discharge can be triggered in-between the electrodes can be after longitudinal Milling Process as shown in Figure 10
Main body 35 to replace, thus can reduce the impedance of hydromechanicses.If metal cone 8 is by the radial direction gold being fixed on electrode
Belong to piece (36) to replace, it is partly minimum in the uppermost electrode of gas axial direction stream, then that this sheet metal is designed as the distance between piece
Structure shown in this Figure 10 can also be less.
Device runs in the following manner：In electric discharge triggering, put electric arc of raking up sb.'s faults between cone 8 and bar 7.
Promote by by electromagnetic force with around the gas-flow resistance of plasma lines 2, plasma lines 2 move to the right, arrive
Reach electrode 1, and be fixed to its end in position 22.Its stable form is by the balance between power above-mentioned and thermal resistance drag
To determine, this thermal impedance power restriction electric arc occupies the pipeline after setting up ionization, rather than to move in unionized near zone.Wait
Gas ions line be formed about stable and uniform non-isothermal plasma region 4：Occurrence condition (2) and (3).This region
The value of the temperature of plasma composition and concentration and gradient (Ta, Te) are exchanged (conduction of heat, dissipate and electrical conductivity) by molecule and determine,
And determine the scope in the non-isothermal plasma region of jet.
Fig. 3 illustrates the diagram realizing the present invention, based on the present invention, generates plasma lines 2 by three electrodes 1, this three
Individual electrode passes through metal cone 8 and has the three-phase electricity that form is the ballast components that can make the especially high inductance of energy work rate 23
The generator of stream is connected.This system is passed through to be stabilized by the air-flow that gas distributor 6 produces, and above-mentioned gas allotter makes to lead to
Cross air-flow and surround electrode and plasma lines, wherein predetermine the radial direction situation of this air flow rate, with stable discharging and make
Gas ions jet is layered.
Fig. 4 a suggested more preferable scheme again.In this case, this plasma lines 2 is generated by six electrodes 1, this six
Electrode is connected with three-phase current generator 9 by metal cone 8.The overall layering by the stabilizing gas from allotter 14 of electrode
Stream 5 encirclement.Connected with triangle (as shown in the connection 9 ' of Fig. 4 b) or star (as the connection 9 of Fig. 4 c " shown in) based on electrode, and
Have concentration 24 ' or periphery 24 " plasma lines configuration.According to the application of non-isothermal plasma ray, it is preferably provided with one
Individual or other schemes.
Fig. 5 illustrates another possible implementation of the present invention.In this case, stable non-isothermal plasma is penetrated
Stream 4 is made up of the plasma line 2 being connected to three electrodes powered from three-phase alternating-current supply 9 to ring electrode 25.As Fig. 5 c institute
Show it is contemplated that it is contacted with plasma jet, it is overheated that ring electrode 25 is possible to be configured to, need for example to pass through by conduit 26
The current providing and discharging are cooled down.Projection 27 can be applied to determine and fix the substrate of plasma lines.
In the above described manner, present invention device required for protection it is characterized in that, it has the product of substantial amounts of circular coaxial
Layer jet estranged electrode 25 and electrode around inside delamination area, by electric discharge determine in the demixing zone of the jet being generated
In domain.
Stable (see Fig. 5 b), the Honeycomb device of Fig. 2 in above-mentioned allotter 6 are realized by the air-flow 5 from allotter 6
14 systems being expanded rapidly replace, and this system can produce the flow condition 17 of the scheme that empirically may be adapted to Fig. 5.Can see
To promoting gas to be introduced in the allotter 6 producing vortex 29 in the air-flow of section 30, this air-flow is directed to grizzly
13, also form speed V (r) 17 wanted.
Fig. 6 a shows the situation of affix solenoid 31, this solenoid 31 create with from each electrode 1 grade from
The vertical magnetic field of daughter line 2.From allotter 6 and stable plasma jet 4 promotion air-flow be organized as surround plasma
All configurations of body line are so that this plasma lines can be assembled by magnetic field.Above-mentioned magnetic field is according to the vibration homophase of field and electric current
Or anti-phase, (see Fig. 6 b) is produced along the axial direction of maker by alternating current, or just shifts outside (see Fig. 6 c) onto, or also may be used
As shown in fig. 6d, by keeping constant the action of a magnetic field in time, to vibrate under two kinds of situations of Fig. 6 b and Fig. 6 c.
Fig. 7 a represents the cross-section parts of another device realizing the present invention, according to this device, leave metal cone 8 it
Afterwards, promote air-flow 28, and be thus derived from the plasma lines 2 of six electrodes 1 and pass through hydromechanicses deflector 32 or by solenoid
The magnetic field of 31 generations forms and is vortexed, the alternating current synchronous vibrating and providing electric discharge in wherein said magnetic field.
Fig. 7 b represents the axle of deflector and promotes angulation δ between airflow direction.
Fig. 7 c represents angulation δ ' between the axle of deflector and the tangent line of radially fixed circle of deflector.
There are δ≤90 degree and δ '≤90 degree.
According to assembly of the invention, it is further characterized in that, it includes flowing through the solenoid 31 of direct current or alternating current,
This direct current or alternating current current synchronization especially with offer electric discharge, this solenoid 31 is configured to form with angle beta and angle γ
The magnetic field of guiding, with respect to discharge current direction between 0 degree and 90 degree, this angle γ is with respect to stratified flow direction for this angle δ
Between 0 degree and 90 degree.
Fig. 8 represents the longitudinal component of the distributor promoting air-flow 28, according to this device, is resulting from by leaving metal cone
The configuration of the position of plasma lines 2 of the electrode 1 after body 8 and heating region 3 by have guarantee to promote gas point
The device 33 of the valve 34 joined controls, and this promotion air-flow 28 passes through these parts and the length of metal cone, and penetrating electrode is (especially
For being allowed to cool) and reach generator periphery.
Fig. 9 represents when the voltage being applied to electrode is different value, plasma jet, speed L (m) promoting gas and V
(m/s) dependence.
The present invention especially can manufacture powder particularly nanometer in chemical field, plasma chemistry and pharmaceutical field
The use of powder aspect has advantage.
The generator of non-isothermal plasma jet can be in different industrial circles, for instantaneous sterilizing on contaminated surface
Use there is advantage.
The use of the present invention in terms of destroying housework waste material, industrial medicine, and especially incinerated by plasma organic
Waste material aspect is especially effective and has advantage, and especially economical.In this case, the present invention can be particularly useful for removing dioxy
The such poisonous residual gas of glutinous rehmannia, furan, and reclaimed by organic waste materials are converted into combustible as such in biogas.
Example：
1. it is applied to destroy the non-isothermal plasma fluidic generator based on atmospheric pressure gas of medical waste material.
Energy：100kW
Pressure：1 bar
Electrode voltage：10kV
Frequency：50Hz
Maximum current：10A
Number of electrodes：6
Stabilising arrangement：Nidus Vespae allotter
Reynolds number around the air-flow of plasma arc：Change between 300 and 14000.Make it steady due to taking
Fixed measure, plasma jet keeps the characteristic of quasi- layering.
2nd, be applied to destroy non-isothermal of complicated composition gas based on subatmospheric pressure of medical waste material etc. from
Daughter fluidic generator.
Energy：100kW
Pressure：1.7 bar
Electrode voltage：20kV
Frequency：50Hz
Maximum current：5A
Number of electrodes：6
Stabilising arrangement：Rapid expansion allotter
Reynolds number around the air-flow of plasma arc：Change between 300 and 14000.Make it steady due to taking
Fixed measure, plasma jet keeps the characteristic of quasi- layering.
Under two examples described above, according to Fig. 6, according to the configuration of field, perpendicular to the magnetic field 0 of electric current, 11T's should
With length can be made to reduce 3m to 0,8m, and diameter is made to increase by 4,5cm to 12cm.
Fig. 9 illustrates according to the present invention, in the case of two magnitudes of voltage shown in two above-mentioned examples, according to promotion
The speed of the air-flow of non-isothermal plasma jet, generates the situation of the length change of electric arc of non-isothermal plasma jet.
Conclusion：
1. the realization of the present invention can obtain the arc length of the generation non-isothermal plasma jet of several meters of grades, and it can
So that famous slip electric arc and unstable non-isothermal plasma jet to be substantially exceeded on area.
2. plasma jet has the characteristic of quasi- layering, and Reynolds number is more than 2000 simultaneously.
3. the method that claims and can realizing as realized the device of the method used in shown example
The purpose of invention.It can by Plasma Transport to before exceed the accessible distance of example, and project it onto on target, with
The electric charge of medical waste can be showed, without by the device feature generating plasma jet, the especially interference of electrode or be subject to
Its impact.
4. consider outside device without programming electric discharge may and dangerous, do not recommend too high electricity
Pressure.Simultaneously it was found that the too high discharge voltage meeting in inside " shunts " electric arc and disturbs plasma jet.
5. make the configuration of controllable jet using the magnetic field vertical with the electric current of electric discharge and its size and energy can be optimized
Balance, it is for needing three-dimensional jet will to be waited to be suitable to electric charge, thus for example destroying or carrying out during regeneration especially medicine waste material
The practical application aspect processing can confirm that the use of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of pass through in the gas flow, under unidirectional current or single-phase/three-phase exchange the assistance of the discharge of electricity under high electric voltage, to generate
The method of non-isothermal plasma axisymmetric jet, this electric discharge, by puncturing plasma triggering, is applied by electromagnetic force with by air-flow
Plus pulling force promote and be limited at electrode end it is characterised in that：
Promote electric discharge plasma air-flow obtained plasma jet be all a little stable, the phase of gas
To speed V*, in the institute promoting air-flow a little, obey type of relationship：
r*<D*, V* (r*)=1
D*≤r*≤1, V* (r*)=1-cos [π (r*-1)/2 (D*-1)]
And meet the hydromechanicses stability condition of electric arc,
V≤Re*·η/ρ·D
Wherein,
D*=D/D0；R*=2r/D0
D and D0It is the external diameter of jet and the diameter of delamination area respectively, and D≤D0；
R is the radius of the jet point being determined by flowing velocity V；
V0It is the speed of stratified flow；
Re* is the critical number of the NR of stationary flow；
η and ρ is to promote the dynamic viscosity promoting gas at a temperature of air-flow and density respectively.
2. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Electric arc is arranged by the magnetic field action vertical with electric current.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that：Electric arc becomes δ along parallel with the axle promoting air-flow or with it
≤ 90 degree of angle guiding, or the angle becoming δ '≤90 degree with respect to the tangent line of the circle being configured with deflector.
4. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Promote air-flow to include molecular components, with non-isothermal etc. from
It is decomposed into the molecular particle being excited and base after daughter contact.
5. realize the side of the non-isothermal plasma axisymmetric jet of generation according to any one in aforementioned claim
The device of method it is characterised in that：Air-flow (28) is promoted to enter in the region forming electric arc (4) by air-flow distributor (6), should
Air-flow distributor (6) includes entering junction station (12), the device (14) forming velocity profile and grizzly (13).
6. device according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：Form the device (14) of the velocity profile promoting air-flow (28)
Be placed on Nidus Vespae and by the conductive supporting of electrode longitudinally through coaxitron axial symmetry system, pipe axle is parallel with flowing axle,
And the long speed with air-flow of stream of pipe is inversely proportional to.
7. device according to claim 6 it is characterised in that：This device includes wherein flowing through the spiral shell of direct current or alternating current
Spool (31), the current synchronization that this electric current is discharged with supply, this solenoid is placed as being formed with respect to discharge current
Direction is guided with 0 degree to 90 degree of angle beta, and the magnetic field being guided with 0 degree to 90 degree of angle γ with respect to the direction of stratified flow.
8. device according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：The junction station of decker have for liquid, injection
The conduit (15,16) of the component of jet or gas form.
9. device according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：This device has the formation layering jet of bulk circular coaxial
Electrode, surround delamination area inside, with the delamination area of the jet being generated limit electric discharge.
10. device according to claim 9 it is characterised in that：The metal cone of electric discharge can be triggered between electrode (1)
(8) replaced by the part of longitudinal milling, the part of this longitudinal milling can reduce hydromechanicses impedance.
11. devices according to claim 10 it is characterised in that：Metal cone (8) is by the radial direction being fixed on electrode (1)
Sheet metal (36) replaces, and this sheet metal is designed to the electrode part of the most upstream of the axial direction stream in gas for the distance between the piece
Minimum.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1001928A FR2959906B1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2010-05-05 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING A NON-ISOTHERMIC PLASMA JET |
| FR10/01928 | 2010-05-05 | ||
| PCT/FR2011/000277 WO2011138525A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-05-04 | Method and device for generating a non-isothermal plasma jet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103229601A CN103229601A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| CN103229601B true CN103229601B (en) | 2017-03-01 |
Family
ID=43734277
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180033388.XA Active CN103229601B (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-05-04 | Method and apparatus for forming non-isothermal plasma jet |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2567599B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103229601B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2959906B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011138525A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102781157B (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-12-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | Planar jet flow plasma generating device |
| FR2998440B1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2022-03-11 | Abenz 81 40 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATMENT OF FRAGMENTED MATERIAL BY FLOW OF REACTIVE PLASMA AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE |
| FR3039548B1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2019-05-31 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S) | NEW PROCESS FOR POLYMERIZING SUGARS |
| DE102016201459A1 (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2017-08-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | A plasma generating device comprising a high voltage source |
| WO2020188344A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Abenz 81-40 | Device and method for the plasma treatment of fragmented material at intermediate temperatures |
| CN113101389B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-04-08 | 北京农学院 | Plasma sterilization device, preparation method of sterilization gas and sterilization method |
| EP4347111A1 (en) | 2021-05-23 | 2024-04-10 | Abenz 81-40 | Method for treating gases and gas mixtures, by intermediate temperature plasma referred to as pit pttm, device and use |
| CN117313585B (en) * | 2023-11-28 | 2024-02-20 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Analysis method for influencing flow and heat transfer characteristics of conductive airflow by magnetic field direction |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101296552A (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-10-29 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | Arc conveying device of plasma generator |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050118350A1 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2005-06-02 | Pavel Koulik | Atmospheric plasma surface treatment method and device for same |
| JP4658506B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2011-03-23 | 浩史 滝川 | Power supply circuit for generating pulsed arc plasma and pulsed arc plasma processing apparatus |
-
2010
- 2010-05-05 FR FR1001928A patent/FR2959906B1/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-05-04 EP EP11724269.3A patent/EP2567599B1/en active Active
- 2011-05-04 CN CN201180033388.XA patent/CN103229601B/en active Active
- 2011-05-04 WO PCT/FR2011/000277 patent/WO2011138525A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101296552A (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-10-29 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | Arc conveying device of plasma generator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Optimization scheme of a rotating gliding arc reactorfor partial oxidation of methane;D.H. Lee et al.;《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 》;20071231;第3343–3351页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2567599B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
| WO2011138525A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
| CN103229601A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| FR2959906B1 (en) | 2012-05-04 |
| EP2567599A1 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
| FR2959906A1 (en) | 2011-11-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103229601B (en) | Method and apparatus for forming non-isothermal plasma jet | |
| CN105027685B (en) | The method and apparatus for handling two-phase fragment shape or pulverulent material by non-isothermal reaction plasma auxiliary agent | |
| Sun et al. | Review on microwave–metal discharges and their applications in energy and industrial processes | |
| JP5001943B2 (en) | Reactor, plant and industrial process for continuously producing high purity silicon tetrachloride or high purity germanium tetrachloride | |
| Takaki et al. | Atmospheric pressure of nitrogen plasmas in a ferroelectric packed bed barrier discharge reactor. Part I. Modeling | |
| ES2247370T3 (en) | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING POWDER OF GREAT COMPOUNDS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCEDURE. | |
| Qian et al. | Investigation on discharge characteristics of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor driven by AC and ns power sources | |
| Rutberg | Plasma pyrolysis of toxic waste | |
| JP6943392B2 (en) | Ion thruster with grid with integrated solid propellant | |
| Lu et al. | Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma sources | |
| CN102065626B (en) | Atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma brush generator and array combination thereof | |
| Rutberg et al. | Multiphase stationary plasma generators working on oxidizing media | |
| RU2406592C2 (en) | Method and device to produce nanopowders using transformer plasmatron | |
| Stryczewska et al. | Power systems of plasma reactors for non-thermal plasma generation | |
| Raja et al. | Development of a swirl‐induced rotating glow discharge reactor for CO2 conversion: fluid dynamics and discharge dynamics studies | |
| Bo et al. | Scale-up analysis and development of gliding arc discharge facility for volatile organic compounds decomposition | |
| Lie et al. | Characteristics of gliding arc discharge plasma | |
| Nowakowska et al. | Modelling of discharge in a high-flow microwave plasma source (MPS) | |
| US20110233061A1 (en) | Amplification of energetic reactions | |
| WO2010132973A1 (en) | Method and device for producing combustible gas, heat energy, hydrogen and oxygen | |
| Long et al. | Numerical investigation of the swirl gas angle and arc current dependence on evaporation of hafnium cathode in a plasma cutting arc | |
| Jiang et al. | Enhanced degradation of benzene in surface/packed-bed hybrid discharge system: Optimization of the reactor structure and electrical parameters | |
| Vissokov et al. | Plasma-chemical synthesis and regeneration of catalysts for reforming natural gas | |
| KR101177283B1 (en) | Plasma torch for treating waste air of chemical vapor deposition processing | |
| RU2486281C1 (en) | Method for surface modification of structural materials and details |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |