CN103223858A - 混合动力传动系和其控制方法 - Google Patents

混合动力传动系和其控制方法 Download PDF

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CN103223858A
CN103223858A CN2013100311665A CN201310031166A CN103223858A CN 103223858 A CN103223858 A CN 103223858A CN 2013100311665 A CN2013100311665 A CN 2013100311665A CN 201310031166 A CN201310031166 A CN 201310031166A CN 103223858 A CN103223858 A CN 103223858A
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motor
generator
speed
transmitting mechanisms
torque transmitting
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CN103223858B (zh
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A.W.菲利普斯
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/113—Stepped gearings with two input flow paths, e.g. double clutch transmission selection of one of the torque flow paths by the corresponding input clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

一种动力传动系统，其具有包括电马达/发电机的电扭矩转换器，以及具有第一构件、第二构件和第三构件的差速齿轮组。该动力传动系统包括副轴变速器，其具有连接至第一构件的第一输入构件、连接至第二构件的第二输入构件，且具有多个可选择性接合的扭矩传输机构，其每个都可选择性地接合以建立通过该变速器的各个不同速比。提供至少一个控制器，且马达/发电机被连接以与第三构件一起旋转且被所述至少一个控制器控制以建立第三构件的速度，该速度允许扭矩传输机构的同步接合和分离，以从各个速比的一个切换至各个速比中的递次的一个。还提供了一种控制动力传动系统的方法。

Description

混合动力传动系和其控制方法
技术领域
本技术一般包括具有电扭矩转换器和变速器的动力传动系统。
背景技术
双离合变速器通常具有双输入离合器或双输出离合器，其在离合器进入可用速比时以滑动的方式交替接合和分离以交替地把扭矩从输入构件传输至变速器的不同的副轴。这种起步离合器具有固有的热和旋转损失。
单一马达混合动力通常需要离合器至离合器的切换（即涉及能量损失的切换），该切换与旋转损失和泵功率需求相关联。双马达混合动力变速器可允许同步切换，但是通常较昂贵且难于封装。
发明内容
提供一种动力传动系统，其具有包括电马达/发电机的电扭矩转换器，以及具有第一构件、第二构件和第三构件的差速齿轮组。该动力传动系统包括副轴变速器，其具有连接至第一构件的第一输入构件、连接至第二构件的第二输入构件，且具有多个可选择性接合的扭矩传输机构，其每个都可选择性地接合以建立通过该变速器的各个不同速比。提供至少一个控制器，且马达/发电机被连接以与第三构件一起旋转且被控制器控制以建立第三构件的速度，该速度允许扭矩传输机构的同步接合和分离，以从各个速比的一个切换至各个速比中的递次的一个。还提供控制具有副轴变速器和电扭矩转换器的动力传动系统以提供同步切换的方法。
如这里使用的，“一起旋转”表示被连接为以相同的速度旋转。“同步切换”是一个扭矩传输机构的分离（其建立一个速比）同时另一个扭矩传输机构的接合（其建立不同的速比）。由于动力传动系统被配置为允许同步切换，扭矩传输机构可为齿式离合器，其内在地具有低能量损失。
在一个实施例中，仅一个马达/发电机被使用，且同步切换消除了与具有盘式离合器的单一马达混合动力装置相关联的旋转损失和泵功率需求。通过仅一个马达/发电机，仅一组功率电子装置（即控制器和功率逆变器）是必须的。附加地，马达/发电机可替换地为低扭矩设计。在另一实施例中，第二马达/发电机被添加，使得甚至在仅电操作模式中也能同步切换。在具有两个马达/发电机的实施例中，包括在电扭矩转换器中的马达/发电机被轴向地封装在发动机和变速器之间，最小化了封装空间要求。
动力传动系统由此允许副轴变速器实现同步切换且是对具有其内在高损失起步的双离合副轴变速器的有效替代。没有与双离合器副轴变速器相关联的摩擦损失和热损失，马达/发电机可被控制以作为发电机运行，将变速器中的旋转机械能转换为储存在电池中的能量，而不是将该能量作为摩擦和损失的热量浪费掉。
当结合附图时，从下面的用于执行本技术的一些最佳方式和其它实施例的具体描述可容易地明白本技术的上述特征和优点，以及其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是动力传动系统的第一实施例的示意性部分横截面侧视图，其具有副轴变速器和电扭矩转换器，该电扭矩转换器具有行星齿轮组和马达/发电机；
图2是图1的动力传动系统的杆图形式的示意图；
图3是动力传动系统的第二实施例的示意性部分横截面侧视图，其具有副轴变速器和电扭矩转换器，该电扭矩转换器具有行星齿轮组和第一马达/发电机，且还具有第二马达/发电机；以及
图4是图3的动力传动系统的杆图形式的示意图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，其中相似的参考标记在多个视图中指代相似的部件，图1示出了动力传动系统10，其包括发动机12、电扭矩转换器14和副轴变速器16。如这里讨论的，动力传动系统10可被用于在递次速比之间建立具有仅一个较低扭矩马达/发电机和同步切换的多个变速比。
变速器16包括第一输入轴18和第二输入轴20。第二输入轴20被配置为套筒轴，从而其与第一输入轴18同心。第一输入轴18可被称为第一输入构件，第二输入轴20可被称为第二输入构件。第一副轴22和第二副轴24被设置为彼此且与输入轴18、20大致平行。
变速器16包括多个相互啮合齿轮。齿轮26和28被安装为与第一输入轴18一起旋转且被称为第一组输入齿轮。齿轮30、32被安装为与第二输入轴20一起旋转且被称为第二组输入齿轮。齿轮34、36和38是第一组副轴齿轮，且每个都被安装为绕第一副轴22旋转，且可被选择性地连接以与第一副轴22一起旋转，如这里所述。齿轮40、42和44是第二组副轴齿轮，且每个都被安装为绕第二副轴24旋转，且可被选择性地连接以与第二副轴24一起旋转，如这里所述。
第三副轴46被轴向地与第二副轴24对齐。倒档齿轮组包括第一倒挡齿轮48，其被安装为绕第三副轴46旋转且与齿轮28啮合。第二倒挡齿轮50被安装为与第三副轴46一起旋转。第二倒挡齿轮50与第三倒挡齿轮52啮合，该第三倒挡齿轮被安装为与第一副轴22一起旋转。副轴22、24和输入轴18、20被设置为三角布置，从而齿轮50和52彼此啮合。在图1的二维示意图中，齿轮50、52的啮合关系由连接齿轮50、52的虚线表示。
变速器16包括多个可选择性接合的扭矩传输机构，其每个可被控制以将副轴齿轮中的一个接合至副轴中的一个。具体地，扭矩传输机构60可被接合以连接齿轮34为与第一副轴22一起旋转。扭矩传输机构62可被接合以连接齿轮36为与第一副轴22一起旋转。扭矩传输机构64可被接合以连接齿轮38为与第一副轴22一起旋转。扭矩传输机构66可被接合以连接齿轮40为与第二副轴24一起旋转。扭矩传输机构68可被接合以连接齿轮42为与第二副轴24一起旋转。扭矩传输机构70可被接合以连接齿轮44为与第二副轴24一起旋转。扭矩传输机构72可被接合以连接齿轮48为与第三副轴46一起旋转。
变速器16具有最终驱动件71，其包括差速器73，该差速器具有被连接至驱动车轮（未示出）的输出构件74。最终驱动件71包括齿轮系，其包括被连接为与第一副轴22一起旋转的齿轮76、被连接为与第二副轴24一起旋转的齿轮78、和被连接为与差速器73的构件一起旋转的齿轮79。由于副轴22、24与输入轴18、20的三角形布置，齿轮76和齿轮78两者都与齿轮79啮合。齿轮76和齿轮79的啮合关系由齿轮76、79之间的虚线表示。
电扭矩转换器14被集成在动力传动系统10中且被配置为可被控制以使得扭矩传输机构能被在递次速比之间同步切换，而没有任何打滑或能量损失。即，当相应的扭矩传输机构被接合时，在副轴齿轮和副轴齿轮被连接至以与其一起旋转的副轴之间具有基本上为零的速度差。电扭矩转换器14包括电马达/发电机80，其具有转子82和环绕转子82的环形定子84。定子84被固定至固定构件86，固定构件在该例中为马达壳体。马达/发电机80在这里被称为第一马达/发电机。
电扭矩转换器14还包括差速齿轮组90，其在该实施例中为复合行星齿轮组。差速齿轮组90包括恒星齿轮构件92，其通过转子毂93连接至转子82，从而恒星齿轮构件92与转子82一起旋转。恒星齿轮构件92被构造为套筒，以径向地环绕被连接为与发动机12一起旋转的输入构件99。如图1中示意性地所示，输入构件99延伸穿过恒星齿轮构件92中的中心开口。差速齿轮组90还包括环圈齿轮构件94，其径向地环绕恒星齿轮构件92且被连接为与第一输入轴18一起旋转。差速齿轮组90包括支架构件96，其支撑第一组小齿轮97和第二组小齿轮98。小齿轮97和98相对于支架构件96旋转。第一组小齿轮97与恒星齿轮构件92且与第二组小齿轮98啮合。第二组小齿轮98与环齿轮构件94啮合。支架构件96被连接为与输入构件99和发动机12一起旋转。如这里讨论的，环齿轮构件94被称为差速齿轮组90的第一构件，支架构件96被称为差速齿轮组90的第二构件，且恒星齿轮构件92被称为差速齿轮组90的第三构件。
图2是杆图形式的动力传动系统10的示意图，示出了发动机12至支架构件96，以及第一马达/发电机80至恒星齿轮构件92的操作连接。变速器16被示出具有第一部分120，第一部分在倒挡、第一、第三、第五速比中提供至输出构件74的动力流动路径。第一部分120包括第一输入轴18、第一组输入齿轮26、28、齿轮36、38、44和倒挡齿轮组48、50、52。变速器16包括第二部分122，第二部分在第二、第四、第六速比中提供至输出构件74的分开的动力流动路径。第二部分122包括第二输入轴20、第二组输入齿轮30、32和齿轮34、40及42。
控制器100控制马达/发电机80以工作为马达或作为发电机。当马达/发电机80工作为马达时，功率被从能量储存装置102（例如电池或电池模块）提供至定子84。功率逆变器104将储存的能量从直流电转换为供应给定子84的交流电。例如，如果马达/发电机80是永磁马达，该功率流动至定子84中的电绕组（未示出），其建立驱动转子82的磁通量。供应至定子84的能量的量控制转子82的转速且由此控制恒星齿轮构件92的速度。经由马达/发电机80增加恒星齿轮构件92的速度还影响环齿轮构件94和支架构件96中的一个或两个的速度。
控制器100还可导致马达/发电机80工作为发电机，其将恒星齿轮构件92的机械能转换为储存在能量储存装置102中的电能。这还减慢了恒星齿轮构件92，且还影响环齿轮构件94和支架构件96中的一个或两个的速度。
差速齿轮组90由此被配置为建立输入分割动力流，发动机12提供驱动动力至支架构件96和第二输入轴20，马达/发电机80提供动力至恒星齿轮构件92或从其接收动力，且环齿轮构件94提供动力至第一输入轴18或从其接收动力。环齿轮构件94的速度受到发动机12和马达/发电机80二者的影响。当电扭矩转换器14被本领域技术人员作为杆图分析时，差速齿轮组90是具有恒星齿轮构件92、环齿轮构件94和支架构件96作为节点的杆。环齿轮构件94被称为输入分割节点。
马达/发电机80被控制为使得扭矩传输机构能在递次速比之间同步地切换，而没有任何打滑或由于旋转损失导致的能量损失。实际上，当从一个速比转变为递次速比时，以递次速比接合的扭矩传输机构可被同时接合，实质上同时建立两个动力流动路径。这允许扭矩传输机构60、62、64、66、68、70和72为齿式离合器，其没有混合促动盘式离合器复杂。
控制器100，其操作地连接至马达/发电机80，还可被操作地连接至扭矩传输机构60、62、64、66、68、70和72，以控制扭矩传输机构的接合和分离。替换地，单独的控制器可被用于控制扭矩传输机构60、62、64、66、68、70和72。
为了起动动力传动系统10以提供车辆的倒车推进和建立倒挡速比，扭矩传输机构72被接合。在启动发动机12前，第一倒挡齿轮48和第三副轴46两者的速度为零，且扭矩传输机构72由此能被接合而没有打滑或能量损失。发动机12然后被启动且马达/发电机80被控制工作为发电机，吸收一些发动机动力。在环齿轮构件94和第一输入轴18处提供的扭矩被通过相互啮合的齿轮28、48和第三副轴46传递至啮合的第二和第三倒挡齿轮50、52至第一副轴22和最终驱动件71。在倒挡速比中，输出构件74的旋转方向与这里所述的每个前进速比中的输出构件74的旋转方向相反。
为了起动动力传动系统10以提供车辆的前进推进和建立第一前进速比，扭矩传输机构62被接合。在启动发动机12前，齿轮36和第一副轴22两者速度为零，扭矩传输机构62由此被接合而没有打滑或能量损失。发动机12然后被启动且马达/发电机80被控制工作为发电机，吸收一些发动机动力。在环齿轮构件94和第一输入轴18处提供的扭矩被通过相互啮合的齿轮26、36传递至第一副轴22和最终驱动件70。
操作状况（例如发动机速度和输出构件74的速度）可被控制器100或被一个或多个附加的控制器监控。当发动机速度达到预定速度时，切换至更高速比将允许发动机12以其理想速度范围内的速度运行，同时在输入构件74处提供需要的速度。通过变速器16的速比由承载扭矩的相互啮合的齿轮的齿轮比确定。如这里使用的，速比是输出构件74的速度与第一输入轴18或第二输入轴20中正承载扭矩的一个的速度之比。
为了从第一速比切换至第二速比，发动机速度被控制为使得第二输入构件20且特别是与其旋转的齿轮30的速度导致与齿轮30啮合的齿轮34的速度与第一副轴22的速度相同。马达/发电机80被控制为确保当发动机12的速度变化时第一副轴22的速度保持恒定。第一副轴22已正在承载扭矩。扭矩传输机构60然后被接合，其没有打滑或由于旋转损失导致的能量损失。扭矩传输机构60的接合可与扭矩传输机构62的分离同步，或扭矩传输机构60和62都可在扭矩传输机构62的分离之前瞬时同步地接合。在扭矩传输机构62被分离后，发动机速度可被按需变化以改变输出构件74的速度。
为了切换至第三速比，马达/发电机80被控制为使得第一输入构件18特别是被连接为在其上旋转的齿轮28的速度使得齿轮38的速度与第一副轴22的速度相同。这允许扭矩传输机构64被接合，其没有打滑或由于旋转损失导致的能量损失。扭矩传输机构64的接合可与扭矩传输机构60的分离同步，或扭矩传输机构60和64两者都可被在扭矩传输机构60的分离之前瞬时接合。在扭矩传输机构60被分离后，发动机速度可被按需变化以改变输出构件74的速度。
为了切换至第四速比，发动机速度和马达/发电机80被控制为使得输出构件74的期望速度在第三速比中被保持，同时齿轮40的速度变为与第二副轴24相同的速度，该速度将由最终驱动件71的齿轮78的速度确定。扭矩传输机构66继而能被接合，其没有打滑或由于旋转损失导致的能量损失。扭矩传输机构66的接合可与扭矩传输机构64的分离同步，或扭矩传输机构64和66两者都可被在扭矩传输机构64的分离之前瞬时接合。在扭矩传输机构64被分离后，发动机速度可被按需变化以改变输出构件74的速度。
为了切换至第五速比，发动机速度和马达/发电机80被控制为使得环齿轮构件94、第一输入轴18和齿轮26的速度使得齿轮44的速度与第二副轴24的速度相同。扭矩传输机构70然后能被接合，其没有打滑或由于旋转损失导致的能量损失。扭矩传输机构70的接合可与扭矩传输机构66的分离同步，或扭矩传输机构70和66都可在扭矩传输机构66的分离之前瞬时接合。在扭矩传输机构66被分离后，发动机速度可被按需变化以改变输出构件74的速度。
为了切换至第六速比，发动机速度被控制为使得第二输入构件20且特别是在其上旋转的齿轮32的速度导致与齿轮32啮合的齿轮42的速度与第二副轴24的速度相同。马达/发电机80被控制为确保当发动机12的速度变化时第二副轴24的速度适于提供输出构件74的期望速比。第二副轴24已正在承载扭矩。扭矩传输机构68继而被接合，其没有打滑或由于旋转损失导致的能量损失。扭矩传输机构68的接合可与扭矩传输机构72的分离同步，或扭矩传输机构72和68两者都可被在扭矩传输机构72的分离之前瞬时接合。在扭矩传输机构72被分离后，发动机速度可被按需变化以改变输出构件74的速度。
尽管变速器16被配置为提供如上所述的六个前进速比，通过增加或减少相互啮合齿轮和可选择性地接合的扭矩传输机构的数量，可提供更少或更多的前进速比，每个速比都允许同步切换而没有由于旋转损失导致的能量损失。尽管同步切换在这里被描述为升挡，没有由于旋转损失导致的能量损失的同步切换还可被实现用于在递次速比之间降挡。
因此，由于电扭矩转换器14和副轴变速器16被配置为允许扭矩传输机构60、62、64、66、68、70、72的接合和分离，以使得可形成递次速比而没有打滑或由于旋转损失导致的能量损失，扭矩传输机构可为齿式离合器。
除了使用马达/发电机80来完成零能量切换，电扭矩转换器14允许动力传动系统10以仅电模式操作。固接离合器106被设置为其可选择性地接合，以将输入构件99（和由此发动机12和支架构件96）固接至固定构件86。这允许差速器90把从由作为马达运行的马达/发电机80驱动的恒星齿轮构件92的扭矩传输至环齿轮构件94和第一输入轴18。扭矩传输机构62、64、70或72中任一个继而可被接合以通过变速器16传输扭矩至输出构件74。在固接离合器106的接合之前，马达/发电机80可被控制以减慢输入构件99（如果输入构件99还没有静止的话）。固接离合器106继而能被接合，其没有打滑或由于旋转损失导致的能量损失。这使得齿式离合器被使用于固接离合器106，如果希望的话。
在图1的实施例中，电扭矩转换器14具有盘式离合器108，其可被接合以连接支架构件96、输入构件99和发动机12以与转子82一起旋转。当离合器108被接合时，发动机12和转子82以相同速度旋转。马达/发电机80可被控制以工作为马达，从而动力由马达/发电机80和发动机12二者提供至承载扭矩的变速器16的相同齿轮，这将依赖于扭矩传输机构60、62、64、66、68、70、72中的哪一个被接合。通过马达/发电机80和发动机12二者提供扭矩，可实现较强的前进驱动。
图3是动力传动系统210的另一实施例，其具有与动力传动系统10相同的许多部件。动力传动系统210具有变速器216，其具有被称为第二马达/发电机的附加马达/发电机280。马达/发电机280具有转子282，该转子通过第一输入轴18的延伸部286被连接为与第一输入轴18一起旋转。马达/发电机280还具有环形定子284，其环绕转子282且被操作地连接至控制器100、电池102和功率逆变器104以从电池102接收功率或提供功率至电池102。在其他实施例中，马达/发电机280可被定位为驱动与齿轮36或齿轮38啮合的齿轮，其由此通过相互啮合的齿轮间接提供扭矩至第一输入轴18或从第一输入轴接收扭矩。
图4是杆图形式的动力传动系统210的示意图，示出了发动机12至支架构件96（当发动机分离离合器206被接合时）、第一马达/发电机80至恒星齿轮构件92和第二马达/发电机280至环齿轮构件94的操作连接。变速器216被示出具有第一部分220和第二部分222，第一部分在倒挡、第一、第三和第五速比模式中提供动力流动路径至输出构件74，第二部分222在第二、第四和第六速比中提供分开的动力流动路径至输出构件74。第一部分220包括第一输入轴18、第一组输入齿轮26、28和齿轮36、38、44和倒挡齿轮组48、50、52。第二部分222包括第二输入轴20、第二组输入齿轮30、32和齿轮34、40及42。
通过增加马达/发电机280，差速器90的环齿轮构件94可通过控制转子282的速度和通过控制马达/发电机280工作为马达或发电机而被改变。动力在所述的用于每个相对于动力传动系统10的速比的相同路径中流动。如上相对于动力传动系统10所述的递次速比之间的同步切换是通过控制差速齿轮组90的任一构件的速度实现（即恒星齿轮构件92（通过控制马达/发电机80的速度），环齿轮构件94（通过控制马达/发电机280的速度），以及支撑构件96（通过控制发动机12的速度））。
通过使用马达/发电机80、280二者轮流作为马达或发电机以在输出构件74和输入构件18、20及副轴22、24的每个处按需要实现必须的速度以实现扭矩传输机构60、62、64、66、68、70、72的同步接合和分离，动力传动系统210可实现有效的仅电操作模式。由于存在两个马达/发电机80、280，恒星齿轮构件92和环齿轮构件94的速度可分别通过马达/发电机80、280而被改变，且同步切换可在仅电操作模式以及混合操作模式中实现。
动力传动系统10的固接离合器106可被发动机分离离合器206代替，以通过在仅电操作模式中将发动机12从电扭矩转换器14和变速器216分离而改进效率。而且，在仅电操作模式中，马达/发电机80、280可被用于减慢支撑构件96的速度至零，允许分离离合器206以零能量接合，没有打滑。马达/发电机80、280继而可被控制以增加支架构件96的速度，以启动发动机12。
尽管动力传动系统10在图1中被示出具有固接离合器106且图3的动力传动系统210被示出具有发动机分离离合器206，发动机分离离合器可被用图1的单一马达实施例代替，且固接离合器可被用图3的双马达实施例代替。在这些替换配置中，仍然可以实现允许在两个递次速比中扭矩传输机构接合而同时没有打滑地同步切换。
虽然用于执行本技术的多个方面的最佳方式已经被详细描述，与这些技术相关的本领域技术人员应认识到在所附的权利要求的范围内的执行本技术的各种替换方面。

Claims (10)

1.一种动力传动系统，包括：
电马达/发电机；
差速齿轮组，其具有第一构件、第二构件和第三构件；
副轴变速器，其具有连接至第一构件的第一输入构件、连接至第二构件的第二输入构件，且该副轴变速器具有多个扭矩传输机构，每个扭矩传输机构都可选择性地接合以建立通过该变速器的各个不同速比；和
至少一个控制器；
其中马达/发电机被连接以与第三构件一起旋转且被所述至少一个控制器控制以建立第三构件的速度，该速度允许扭矩传输机构的同步接合和分离，以从相应的速比的一个切换至该相应的速比的递次的一个。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力传动系统，其中所述马达/发电机是操作地连接至副轴变速器的唯一的马达/发电机。
3.如权利要求1所述的动力传动系统，还包括：
静止构件；和
离合器，其能选择性地接合，以将第二构件连接至静止构件，由此使得当马达/发电机被控制以工作为马达且任一个扭矩传输机构被接合时实现仅电操作模式。
4.如权利要求3所述的动力传动系统，其中所述离合器和扭矩传输机构是齿式离合器。
5.如权利要求1所述的动力传动系统，还包括：
发动机；和
发动机分离离合器，其能选择性地接合，以连接发动机用于与第二构件一起旋转，且能被分离以将发动机从第二构件分离。
6.如权利要求5所述的动力传动系统，其中所述发动机分离离合器是齿式离合器；且其中所述马达/发电机被控制以减慢第二构件，以允许发动机分离离合器的接合。
7.如权利要求5所述的动力传动系统，其中所述马达/发电机是第一马达/发电机且进一步包括：
第二马达/发电机，其被操作地连接至第一输入构件且能被所述至少一个控制器控制；其中第一马达/发电机和第二马达/发电机被控制以在所述发动机分离离合器被分离且一个扭矩传输机构被接合时提供仅电操作模式。
8.如权利要求1所述的动力传动系统，还包括：
摩擦片离合器，其能选择性地接合以连接第二构件用于与马达/发电机一起旋转。
9.一种动力传动系统，包括：
发动机；
变速器，其具有：
第一输入轴；
与第一输入轴同心的第二输入轴；
第一副轴；
第二副轴；其中第一和第二副轴基本上与第一和第二输入轴平行；
多个相互啮合的齿轮，其包括被安装为与第一输入轴一起旋转的第一组输入齿轮、被安装为与第二输入轴一起旋转的第二组输入齿轮、被安装为绕第一副轴旋转的第一组副轴齿轮、和被安装为绕第二副轴旋转的第二组副轴齿轮；
最终驱动件，其被操作地连接至第一副轴和第二副轴二者；
多个扭矩传输机构，且每个都能选择性地接合以连接相应一个副轴齿轮为与相应一个副轴一起旋转，每个扭矩传输机构的递次接合在发动机和最终驱动件之间建立递次速比；其中每个扭矩传输机构是齿式离合器；
电扭矩转换器，其包括马达/发电机和具有第一构件、第二构件及第三构件的差速齿轮组；其中第一构件被连接为与第一输入轴一起旋转，第二构件被连接为与第二输入轴一起旋转且被连接至发动机或能连接至发动机，第三构件被连接为与马达/发电机一起旋转；
至少一个控制器；和
其中马达/发电机和扭矩传输机构被所述至少一个控制器控制以在递次速比之间建立同步切换。
10.一种控制动力传动系统的方法，包括：
控制操作地连接至变速器的马达/发电机的速度和扭矩传输机构的接合二者，从而扭矩传输机构被同步接合和分离以在连续的速比之间切换；
其中动力传动系统包括：
差速齿轮组，其具有第一构件、第二构件和第三构件；
副轴变速器，其具有连接至第一构件的第一输入构件和连接至第二构件的第二输入构件；且其中马达/发电机被连接为与第三构件一起旋转。
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