CN103223854B - 变速器和用于汽车的混合动力传动系 - Google Patents

变速器和用于汽车的混合动力传动系 Download PDF

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CN103223854B
CN103223854B CN201310027098.5A CN201310027098A CN103223854B CN 103223854 B CN103223854 B CN 103223854B CN 201310027098 A CN201310027098 A CN 201310027098A CN 103223854 B CN103223854 B CN 103223854B
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switching element
axis
planetary gear
gear set
power path
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CN103223854A (zh
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P·齐默
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/065—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B60K2006/4841—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range the gear provides shifting between multiple ratios
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0043—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising four forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
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    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2041—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with four engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于汽车的混合动力传动系，该混合动力传动系包括至少一个内燃机（1）和至少一个电机（2），该电机作用连接于内燃机或能与内燃机作用连接，其中设有一个多挡变速器，该多挡变速器包括两个行星齿轮组（P1、P2）、至少一个变速器输入轴（4）和至少一个变速器输出轴（5），其中，该多挡变速器具有至少四个切换元件，这些切换元件的选择性操作能在所述至少一个变速器输入轴（4）和变速器输出轴（5）之间引起不同的传动比，由此实现至少三个前进挡。

Description

变速器和用于汽车的混合动力传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种变速器。
此外，本发明还涉及一种用于汽车的混合动力传动系，该混合动力传动系包括至少一个内燃机和至少一个电机。
背景技术
本申请人的专利申请DE 10 2010 028 026已公开了一种包括一个内燃机和多个电机的混合动力传动系。在该混合动力传动系中使用具有分变速器的齿轮变速器，所述分变速器分别具有一个可切换的挡位。除了在同轴的驱动端和从动端时的一个直接挡外，存在于分变速器中的可切换的挡位分别由刚好一个单变速器、例如一个圆柱齿轮对或一个行星齿轮组产生。据此，具有同轴从动端的四挡中间轴式变速器为四个挡需要至少四个形式为四个圆柱齿轮对的单变速器。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是，借助一种尤其是用于四挡较小型轿车的多挡变速器减小混合动力传动系所需的构造费用。
根据本发明，该任务借助一种开头所提类型的变速器以下述方式来解决：所述变速器至少包括一个变速器输入轴和一个变速器输出轴、一个第一行星齿轮组和一个第二行星齿轮组、两个位于驱动装置和第二行星齿轮组之间的功率路径，其中，第一功率路径具有第一固定传动比，第二功率路径具有第二固定传动比，第二固定传动比小于第一固定传动比，第一功率路径或第二功率路径包括所述第一行星齿轮组，第二行星齿轮组包括三个按转速顺序被称为第四、第五和第六轴的轴，其中，第一功率路径包括至少一个能通过至少一个第一切换元件与变速器输入轴作用连接的电机，第四轴或第六轴能通过第二切换元件与第一功率路径连接以及能通过第三切换元件与第二功率路径连接，第五轴能通过第四切换元件与第一功率路径连接以及第五轴与变速器输出轴永久连接。
根据本发明的解决方案的特征主要在于显著减小的且简化的结构，因此也能实现在整体重量和所需安装空间方面的优化。每两个切换元件可借助一个双作用的致动器交替地操作。在此，第一切换元件的闭合可引起第二切换元件的打开。所有在本文件中提到的切换元件可优选构造为形锁合的切换元件、例如构造为牙嵌式切换元件、尤其是牙嵌式离合器或牙嵌式制动器。根据本发明的变速器的另一优点在于，所使用的切换元件不需要同步装置，因为切换元件的同步能通过电机和内燃机在无负载状态中进行。此外，电机可用作转速传感器(分解仪)。在此，在驱动端上和在从动端上可通过在电机上始终确定的转速在挡位传动路线之内和之外避免在行星齿轮组上不确定的转速状态。此外，在借助内燃机行驶时的动力换挡也可通过电机进行。
所使用的行星齿轮组优选构造为负传动比行星齿轮组。一个单级的负传动比行星齿轮组包括一个太阳轮、一个齿圈和一个行星架，行星齿轮可旋转地支承在该行星架上，这些行星齿轮分别与太阳轮和齿圈啮合。由此，齿圈在行星架固定时具有与太阳轮相反的旋转方向。与此相反，一个单级的正传动比行星齿轮组包括一个太阳轮、一个齿圈和一个行星架，内侧和外侧的行星齿轮可旋转地支承在该行星架上，所有内侧的行星齿轮与太阳轮啮合并且所有外侧的行星齿轮与齿圈啮合，每个内侧的行星齿轮与各一个外侧的行星齿轮啮合。由此，齿圈在行星架固定时具有与太阳轮相同的旋转方向。但根据本发明，当替换行星架和齿圈连接并且同时行星齿轮组固定传动比的值与作为负传动比行星齿轮组的实施方式相比增加1时，负传动比行星齿轮组也可被正传动比行星齿轮组代替。
通过使变速器输出轴能通过至少一个第五切换元件与第二功率路径连接，可简单地实现四挡变速器。
本发明的一种所需切换元件数量较少就足够的实施方式规定，通过切换元件的选择性接合可实现至少三个能动力换挡的前进挡，其中，第一前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件和第二切换元件产生，第二前进挡通过闭合第三切换元件产生，第三前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件和第四切换元件产生。根据一种有利的、变速器输出轴可通过第五切换元件与第二功率路径连接的实施方式，第四前进挡可通过闭合第五切换元件实现。
本发明的一种通过电机实现起动、开动、倒转、助力、回收以及动力换挡的特别有利的方案规定：第一行星齿轮组具有三个按转速顺序被称为第一、第二和第三轴的轴；电机连接到第一行星齿轮组的第二轴上并且第一行星齿轮组的第三轴与变速器输入轴永久连接，第一行星齿轮组的第一轴可通过制动器固定；或者第一行星齿轮组的第一轴是固定的并且电机连接到第一行星齿轮组的第三轴上，第一行星齿轮组的第三轴可通过第一切换元件与变速器输入轴连接。另一优点可在于，无需单独的倒挡并且可进行纯电动的行驶运行。
变速器输出轴优选同轴于变速器输入轴设置，第一行星齿轮组构造为用于发出比变速器输入轴转速小的转速的减速行星齿轮组，减速行星齿轮组构造为负传动比齿轮组，第一行星齿轮组的太阳轮是固定的或者可通过制动器固定并且第二切换元件和第四切换元件连接到第一行星齿轮组的行星架上，第一行星齿轮组的齿圈与变速器输入轴永久地连接或可通过第一切换元件连接，第二功率路径为直接传动。
根据本发明，上述任务也可借助开头所提类型的混合动力传动系以下述方式来解决，即该混合动力传动系具有根据本发明所述的变速器。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式，可设有至少一个与内燃机直接或通过传动机构连接的或能通过至少一个第六切换元件可分开地连接的第二电机，该第二电机优选为起动机或起动机-发电机的形式。本发明该方案的优点在于，通过打开第六切换元件可在所有挡位中实现纯电动的、能动力换挡的行驶运行。在使用起动机时得到这样的优点，即也可在纯电动的行驶运行期间在牵引力不中断的情况下起动内燃机。如果代替起动机而使用起动机-发电机，则得到附加的优点，即产生与电池大小无关的系统，因为可在奇数挡中进行内燃机－电动行驶。
一种特别简单且节省空间的结构以下述方式实现：每两个切换元件可通过一个双作用的致动器操作，优选第二切换元件和第四切换元件、和/或第三切换元件和第五切换元件、和/或第一切换元件和第六切换元件可相应地通过一个双作用的致动器操作。
附图说明
下面借助附图所示的几个非限制性的实施例详细说明本发明和其它优点。附图示意性地示出：
图1为根据本发明的混合动力传动系的第一种实施方式的变速器示意图；
图2为图1的混合动力传动系的转速图表；
图3为图1所示混合动力传动系的换挡示意图；
图4为根据本发明的混合动力传动系的第二种实施方式的变速器示意图；
图5为图4的混合动力传动系的转速图表；以及
图6为图4所示混合动力传动系的换挡示意图。
具体实施方式
首先要指出，在不同描述的实施方式中相同部件使用相同附图标记或相同构件名称，其中，在全部说明书中包含的公开内容可以按意义转到具有相同附图标记或相同构件名称的相同部件上。
根据图1，根据本发明的用于汽车的混合动力传动系包括一个内燃机1和至少一个电机EM1。此外，设有一个用于电机EM1的控制装置2和一个电蓄能器3。
该混合动力传动系包括一个根据本发明的、具有一个变速器输入轴4和一个变速器输出轴5的变速器。为了在内燃机1和变速器之间减振，可设置一个扭转减振器6。此外，可设有一个例如起动机或起动机-发电机形式的第二电机EM2。第二电机EM2可与内燃机1永久地或能接入和断开地、直接或通过传动机构与内燃机1连接。
在输出侧也可设有一轴间差速器和/或轴间速器。
变速器具有两个行星齿轮组P1、P2，其具有六个按转速顺序、即根据它们在转速平面图中的顺序被称为第一、第二、第三、第四、第五和第六轴的轴W1、W2、W3、W4、W5、W6。轴W1与太阳轮SO1、轴W2与行星架ST1、轴W3与齿圈HO1、轴W4与太阳轮SO2、轴W5与行星架ST2并且轴W6与齿圈HO2连接。
此外，变速器在驱动装置和行星齿轮传动机构P2之间具有两个功率路径L1、L2。第一功率路径L1除行星齿轮传动机构P1外具有电机EM1。第一功率路径L1具有第一固定传动比并且第二功率路径L2具有第二固定传动比，第二固定传动比小于第一固定传动比。
如图1所示，电机EM1可连接到第三轴W3上。在此在轴W3和变速器输入轴4之间设置有一个切换元件K1。但作为永久连接到轴W3上的备选方案，电机EM1也可以能接入和断开地、直接或通过传动机构、尤其是皮带传动机构、链传动机构、圆柱齿轮传动机构或行星齿轮组连接到轴W3上。
与图1所示不同，电机EM1也可连接到第二轴W2上。在此，轴W3可与变速器输入轴4永久连接。在此情况下可在变速器壳体和轴W1之间设置一个制动器或将切换元件K1连接到第二轴W2上。
第二轴W2可通过一个切换元件U1与第四轴W4连接并且可通过一个切换元件D1与第五轴W5连接。第四轴W4可通过一个切换元件U2与变速器输入轴4连接，第五轴W5与变速器输出轴5永久连接并且第六轴W6是固定的。在此应指出，在本文中概念“永久”和“固定”或“抗转动”为同义词。第五轴W5可通过一个切换元件D2与变速器输入轴4连接。
变速器输出轴5优选同轴于变速器输入轴4设置，第一行星齿轮组P1构造为用于发出比变速器输入轴4转速小的转速的减速行星齿轮组。该减速行星齿轮组P1可构造为负传动比齿轮组，其中太阳轮SO1是固定的并且切换元件U1和切换元件D1连接到一个行星架ST1上。第一行星齿轮组P1的齿圈HO1可通过切换元件K1与变速器输入轴4连接。
但靠近驱动装置的第一行星齿轮组P1也可构造为增速齿轮组。为此在图1中所示的第一行星齿轮组P1上从齿圈HO1向行星架ST1施加输入力矩，在行星架ST1上保持向切换元件U1和D3输出，解除切换元件U2和D2与变速器输入轴4的连接并且取而代之所述切换元件在输入侧设置在第一行星齿轮组P1的齿圈HO1上。
通过变速器的切换元件K1、U2、U1、D1、D2的选择性的成对接合可实现四个能动力换挡的前进挡。通过放弃切换元件D2可实现三挡变速器。
由图2所示的转速图表或者说转速平面图可看出在通过切换元件K1、U2、U1、D1、D2的选择性接合所实现的挡位和每个轴W1、W2、W3、W4、W5、W6的传动比之间的关系。在各个轴W1、W2、W3、W4、W5、W6上在竖直方向上标出转速比。轴之间的水平距离通过固定传动比产生，因此可通过直线连接属于某一确定运行点的转速比。在某一确定驱动转速下，第二行星齿轮组P2的运行线表示三个或四个前进挡中的转速比，其中第四前进挡为直接挡。输入转速被归一化为1。
如图2所示，第四轴W4可通过一个第二切换元件U1与第一功率路径L1连接以及可通过一个第三切换元件U2与第二功率路径L2连接。第五轴W5可通过一个第四切换元件D1与第一功率路径L1连接以及可通过一个第五切换元件D2与第二功率路径L2连接并且与变速器输出轴5永久连接。轴W6在所示实施方式中是固定的。但作为备选方案，也可将轴W4固定并且将切换元件U1和U2设置在轴W6上，在此情况下第二行星齿轮传动机构P2的固定传动比可相应匹配。
从图3可得出图1所示变速器的示例性换挡示意图。从该换挡示意图可示例性得出各个挡位的相应传动比和待由其确定的向下一更高挡的速比间隔，其中，变速器具有4.63的速比范围。在当前情况下构造为负传动比行星齿轮组的行星齿轮组P1、P2的固定传动比的典型值对于P1为-1.5、对于P2为-1.78。
第一前进挡通过闭合切换元件K1和切换元件U1产生，第二前进挡通过闭合切换元件U2产生，第三前进挡通过闭合切换元件K1和切换元件D1产生，第四前进挡通过闭合切换元件D2产生。
如由图4可得出，起动机或起动机-发电机形式的第二电机EM2可通过一个切换元件K2与内燃机1连接。作为对此的备选方案，第二电机EM2可与内燃机1永久连接，如图1所示。
由图5可得出图4所示变速器的转速平面图。
第四轴W4可利用切换元件U1与第一功率路径L1连接并且可通过切换元件U2和K2的闭合与第二功率路径L2连接，而轴W5可通过切换元件D1与第一功率路径连接并且可通过切换元件D2和K2与第二功率路径L2连接。轴W6在所示实施方式中是固定的。但作为备选方案也可将轴W4固定并且将切换元件U1、U2和K2设置在轴W6上，在此情况下行星齿轮传动机构P1和P2的固定传动比可相应匹配。
在此应指出，在所示实施方式中，行星齿轮组P1构造为减速行星齿轮组，第二功率路径L2是直接传动。但在行星齿轮组P1构造为增速行星齿轮组的实施方式中，第一功率路径L1是直接传动。在所示的减速行星齿轮组的情况下，最高挡构成直接挡，而在增速行星齿轮组P1的情况下第二最高挡是直接挡。
如由图6的换挡示意图可得出，为图4中所示的混合动力传动系在切换元件K1或K2闭合时产生借助内燃机的行驶运行。动力换挡在此通过作为辅助挡的电动挡进行。在切换元件K1和K2打开时，在所有挡位中产生纯电动的行驶运行，这些挡位也是能动力换挡的。从该换挡示意图可示例性得出各个挡位的相应传动比和待由其确定的向下一更高挡的速比间隔，其中，变速器具有4.63的速比范围。
在此也应指出，在本发明所有所描述的实施方式中，切换元件U1、U2、D1、D2以及切换元件K1和K2优选构造为牙嵌式离合器。
在本发明所有实施方式中，切换元件U1和D1以及切换元件U2和D2以及切换元件K1和K2可分别通过一个双作用的致动器操作。因此，每一对切换元件可通过一个唯一的致动器操作。从而简化了结构并可以降低所需的结构空间和制造成本。
也可在纯电动的行驶运行中在牵引力不中断的情况下借助第二电机EM2接通内燃机1。为了在纯电动的行驶运行期间起动内燃机1，切换元件K1或K2可在先前的同步之后闭合。接着可在所有四个挡中借助内燃机继续行驶。
如由图6还可见，同样可在切换元件K1和K2打开时在四个挡中进行纯电动行驶(前进起动/后退起动)。
在根据本发明的混合动力传动系中，也可以简单的方式集成停车锁止器。为此例如可在停车时挂上第一挡(K1和U1闭合)。停车锁止器可这样松开：通过电机EM1产生抵抗下坡从动力的力矩并且切换元件K1可无负载地脱开，以便能够电动起动。
实施例示出根据本发明的变速器或混合动力传动系的可能的实施方案，在此应注意，本发明不局限于特别示出的实施方案。此外，各个实施方案彼此间的不同组合也是可能的，并且这些变型可能性基于本发明技术方案的技术手段的教导是在本领域技术人员的能力之内。
附图标记列表
1 内燃机
2 控制装置
3 电蓄能器
4 变速器输入轴
5 变速器输出轴
6 扭转减振器
EM1 第一电机
EM2 第二电机
L1 第一功率路径
L2 第二功率路径
P1 第一行星齿轮组
P2 第二行星齿轮组
SO1 第一行星齿轮组的太阳轮
ST1 第一行星齿轮组的行星架
HO1 第一行星齿轮组的齿圈
HO2 第二行星齿轮组的齿圈
SO2 第二行星齿轮组的太阳轮
ST2 第二行星齿轮组的行星架
K1 第一切换元件
U1 第二切换元件
U2 第三切换元件
D1 第四切换元件
D2 第五切换元件
K2 第六切换元件
W1 第一轴
W2 第二轴
W3 第三轴
W4 第四轴
W5 第五轴
W6 第六轴

Claims (11)

1.变速器，至少包括一个变速器输入轴(4)和一个变速器输出轴(5)、一个第一行星齿轮组(P1)和一个第二行星齿轮组(P2)、两个位于驱动装置和第二行星齿轮组(P2)之间的功率路径(L1、L2)，其中，第一功率路径(L1)具有第一固定传动比，第二功率路径(L2)具有第二固定传动比，第二固定传动比小于第一固定传动比，第一功率路径(L1)或第二功率路径(L2)包括所述第一行星齿轮组，所述第二行星齿轮组(P2)包括三个按转速顺序被称为第四、第五和第六轴的轴(W4、W5、W6)，其特征在于，所述第一功率路径(L1)包括至少一个能通过至少一个第一切换元件(K1)与变速器输入轴(4)作用连接的电机(EM1)，第四轴(W4)或第六轴(W6)能通过第二切换元件(U1)与第一功率路径(L1)连接以及能通过第三切换元件(U2)与第二功率路径(L2)连接，第五轴(W5)能通过第四切换元件(D1)与第一功率路径(L1)连接以及第五轴与变速器输出轴(5)永久连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述变速器输出轴(5)能通过至少一个第五切换元件(D2)与第二功率路径(L2)连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其特征在于，通过切换元件(K1、U1、D1、U2、D2)的选择性接合能实现至少三个能动力换挡的前进挡，其中，第一前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件(K1)和第二切换元件(U1)产生，第二前进挡通过闭合第三切换元件(U2)产生，并且第三前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件(K1)和第四切换元件(D1)产生。
4.根据权利要求2所述的变速器，其特征在于，通过切换元件(K1、U1、D1、U2、D2)的选择性接合能实现至少三个能动力换挡的前进挡，其中，第一前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件(K1)和第二切换元件(U1)产生，第二前进挡通过闭合第三切换元件(U2)产生，第三前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件(K1)和第四切换元件(D1)产生，并且第四前进挡通过闭合第五切换元件(D2)产生。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述第一行星齿轮组(P1)具有三个按转速顺序被称为第一、第二和第三轴的轴(W1、W2、W3)，
所述电机(EM1)连接到第一行星齿轮组(P1)的第二轴(W2)上并且所述第一行星齿轮组(P1)的第三轴(W3)与变速器输入轴(4)永久连接，所述第一行星齿轮组(P1)的第一轴(W1)能通过制动器固定，
或者所述第一行星齿轮组(P1)的第一轴(W1)是固定的并且电机(EM1)连接到第一行星齿轮组(P1)的第三轴(W3)上，所述第一行星齿轮组(P1)的第三轴(W3)能通过第一切换元件(K1)与变速器输入轴(4)连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述变速器输出轴(5)同轴于变速器输入轴(4)设置，所述第一行星齿轮组(P1)构造为用于发出比变速器输入轴(4)转速小的转速的减速行星齿轮组，所述减速行星齿轮组(P1)构造为负传动比齿轮组，所述第一行星齿轮组(P1)的太阳轮(SO1)是固定的或者能通过制动器固定并且所述第二切换元件(U1)和第四切换元件(D1)连接到第一行星齿轮组(P1)的行星架(ST1)上，所述第一行星齿轮组(P1)的齿圈(HO1)与变速器输入轴(4)永久地连接或能通过第一切换元件(K1)连接，所述第二功率路径(L2)为直接传动。
7.用于汽车的混合动力传动系，包括至少一个内燃机(1)和至少一个电机(EM1)，其特征在于，所述混合动力传动系具有根据权利要求1至6之一所述的变速器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的混合动力传动系，其特征在于，设有至少一个与内燃机(1)直接或通过传动机构连接的或能通过至少一个第六切换元件(K2)可分开地连接的第二电机(EM2)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合动力传动系，其特征在于，所述第二电机(EM2)为起动机或起动机-发电机的形式。
10.根据权利要求7至9之一所述的混合动力传动系，其特征在于，每两个切换元件(K1、K2、U1、D1、U2、D2)能通过一个双作用的致动器操作。
11.根据权利要求10所述的混合动力传动系，其特征在于，第二切换元件(U1)和第四切换元件(D1)、和/或第三切换元件(U2)和第五切换元件(D2)、和/或第一切换元件(K1)和第六切换元件(K2)能相应地通过一个双作用的致动器操作。
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