CN103223562B - One side solder flux used for submerged arc welding - Google Patents
One side solder flux used for submerged arc welding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides the one side solder flux used for submerged arc welding of the performance of a kind of cap bead shape that can obtain perfecting and machinery.A kind of one side solder flux used for submerged arc welding, containing SiO
2: 10 ~ 30 quality %, CaO:3 ~ 9 quality %, MgO:15 ~ 35 quality %, TiO
2: 4 ~ 20 quality %, CaF
2: 2 ~ 9 quality %, Al
2o
3: 14 ~ 20 quality %, CO
2: 2 ~ 9 quality %, Na
2o:1 ~ 3 quality %, B
2o
3: 0.1 ~ 1 quality %, Mo:0.2 ~ 1 quality % and iron powder: 10 ~ 30 quality %, and limit below Si:2 quality %, Mn:1.5 below quality % and below Ti:1 quality %, in this one side solder flux used for submerged arc welding, add Al:0.7 ~ 3 quality %.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solder flux that the one side submerged-arc welding that uses one or more electrode to carry out uses.In more detail, the welding bead appearance investigation technology of the one side solder flux used for submerged arc welding containing iron powder is related to.
Background technology
In one side submerged-arc welding, usually, in order to ensure deposition amount, in Large Heat Input Welding, still realize stable welding bead formed, and use the solder flux being added with iron powder (for example, referring to patent document 1.)。But this existing one side solder flux used for submerged arc welding containing iron powder described in patent document 1, has, on the surface of cap bead, the such problem of small abrasive grit thrust easily occurs.The thrust on such cap bead surface, becomes obstacle in coating process, and therefore such as in shipbuilding field, in order to the new coating standard of corresponding construction process, removing abrasive grit thrust, has to relate to welding bead and carry out polishing process completely.
Therefore, in the past in one side solder flux used for submerged arc welding, the technology of the generation had for suppressing abrasive grit thrust was proposed (with reference to patent document 2,3.)。Such as, in the solder flux used for submerged arc welding of the one side described in patent document 2, by making particle diameter and apparent density be in specific scope, realize soundization of welding bead.In addition, in the bonded flux used for submerged arc welding described in patent document 3, in order to suppress the generation of abrasive grit projection, the content of Fe composition is limited in below 5 quality %.
[look-ahead technique document]
[patent document]
[patent document 1] Unexamined Patent 11-267883 publication
[patent document 2] Unexamined Patent 6-277878 publication
[patent document 3] JP 2006-272348 publication
But the technology as described in patent document 2, just limit particle diameter and the apparent density of solder flux, the effect that the generation for abrasive grit projection suppresses is little.In addition, the bonded flux used for submerged arc welding as described in patent document 3, if restriction Fe content, is then difficult to guarantee sufficient deposition amount in the jigsaw butt welding of slab, weld bead shape deterioration in this external Large Heat Input Welding.So, existing welding bead appearance investigation technology, in one side submerged-arc welding, also cannot reach and maintain the effect that iron powder adds solder flux to, while suppress the generation of abrasive grit projection, and makes welding bead outward appearance soundization.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, main purpose of the present invention is, provides the one side solder flux used for submerged arc welding of the performance of a kind of cap bead shape that can obtain perfecting and machinery.
The present inventors are in order to solve aforesaid problem, in the one side submerged-arc welding of electrode employing one or more, experimental study has with keen determination been carried out in order to ensure the viability of cap bead, it found that, in the suppressing of abrasive grit projection, add metal A l at solder flux effective, thus complete the present invention.
That is, one side of the present invention solder flux used for submerged arc welding, has following composition: containing SiO
2: 10 ~ 30 quality %, CaO:3 ~ 9 quality %, MgO:15 ~ 35 quality %, TiO
2: 4 ~ 20 quality %, CaF
2: 2 ~ 9 quality %, Al
2o
3: 14 ~ 20 quality %, CO
2: 2 ~ 9 quality %, Na
2o:1 ~ 3 quality %, B
2o
3: 0.1 ~ 1 quality %, Mo:0.2 ~ 1 quality %, Al:0.7 ~ 3 quality %, iron powder: 10 ~ 30 quality %, and limit below Si:2 quality %, Mn:1.5 below quality %, below Ti:1 quality %.
In one side of the present invention solder flux used for submerged arc welding, because blending has iron powder, so the excellent in stability of the weld bead shape of Large Heat Input Welding.In addition, because the Al containing specified quantitative, so cap bead is difficult to adhere to abrasive grit, in one side submerged-arc welding, the sound cap bead not having abrasive grit projection can be obtained.
This one side solder flux used for submerged arc welding, also can contain Si:0.5 ~ 2 quality % and/or Ti:0.3 ~ 1 quality %.
In addition, can be also 0.5 ~ 1.5 quality % containing Mn.
According to the present invention, because the composition of specific solder flux and content thereof, so employing in single electrode or multielectrode one side submerged-arc welding, no matter pad structure, can both obtain the performance of weld bead shape and the machinery perfected.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the imaginary drawing of abrasive grit generation movement in one side submerged arc welding process.
Fig. 2 is the profile of the bevel shape representing the steel plate used in embodiments of the invention.
Symbol description
1,10 mother metals
2 weld metals
2a welding bead surface
3 solder flux do not dissolved
4 dissolve/solidify in solder flux (slag)
5 iron powders
The aggegation of 6 iron powders
7 aggegation iron powders (abrasive grit)
Detailed description of the invention
Below, be described in detail for for implementing mode of the present invention.Further, the present invention is not defined as the embodiment of following explanation.
Fig. 1 is the imaginary drawing of the abrasive grit generation movement of one side submerged arc welding process.As shown in Figure 1, suppose in one side submerged-arc welding, when using the solder flux 3 do not dissolved containing existing iron powder 5, iron powder 5 aggegation (aggegation 6 of iron powder) is had in the solder flux (slag) 4 in melting/solidify, this aggegation iron powder (abrasive grit) 7 deposits, be attached to the surface (welding bead surface 2a) of the weld metal 2 of the weld part being formed at mother metal 1, small thrust occurs.Therefore, the present inventors determine the characteristic improving solder flux, thus solve the problem of abrasive grit projection generation.
Specifically, the solder flux of embodiments of the present invention is used for one side submerged-arc welding, and at least specified quantitative contains SiO
2, CaO, MgO, TiO
2, CaF
2, Al
2o
3, CO
2, Na
2o, B
2o
3and Mo, and the Al containing iron powder 10 ~ 30 quality % and 0.7 ~ 3 quality %.In addition, in the solder flux of present embodiment, respectively Si content is limited in below 2 quality %, Mn content is limited in below 1.5 quality %, and Ti content is limited in below 1 quality %.Below, the composition restriction reason for the solder flux of present embodiment is described.
[SiO
2: 10 ~ 30 quality %]
SiO
2vitrifying composition, if but its content more than 30 quality %, then the viscosity of liquid slag entirety increases, and the mobility of slag reduces.And when the submerged-arc welding of high speed one side, cap bead width cannot be expanded, and become unstable, therefore easily undercut occurs.On the other hand, SiO
2when content is lower than 10 quality %, the setting temperature of liquid slag becomes too high, therefore can not get good cap bead shape.Therefore, SiO
2content is 10 ~ 30 quality %.
[CaO:3 ~ 9 quality %]
CaO has makes the viscosity of liquid slag reduce, and improves the mobility of slag, the effect of extended surface weld width.But if CaO content is more than 9 quality %, then the setting temperature of liquid slag becomes too high, cap bead shape deformation.On the other hand, when CaO content is lower than 3 quality %, and less than improving the effect of mobility of liquid slag, therefore easily there is undercut in cap bead short of width.Therefore, CaO content is 3 ~ 9 quality %.
[MgO:15 ~ 35 quality %]
MgO is same with aforesaid CaO, has and the viscosity of liquid slag is reduced, and improves the mobility of slag, the effect of extended surface weld width.But when the content of MgO is lower than 15 quality %, can not get the effect of the mobility improving liquid slag, cap bead short of width, undercut easily occurs.On the other hand, because MgO is dystectic composition, if so add more than 35 quality %, then the meltbility of solder flux entirety is impaired, particularly when carrying out being in the high speed one side submerged-arc welding of the thin plate under little heat input, can not guarantee stable welding bead.Therefore, content of MgO is 15 ~ 35 quality %.
[TiO
2: 4 ~ 20 quality %]
TiO
2effective especially composition for the single fillet welded slag fissility of improvement.But if its content is more than 20 quality %, then the ripple of cap bead is thicker, in addition, during lower than 4 quality %, can not get the improvement effect of aforesaid slag fissility.Therefore, TiO
2content is 4 ~ 20 quality %.
[CaF
2: 2 ~ 9 quality %]
CaF
2be the composition making the meltbility of solder flux entirety good, must making solder melts at short notice especially as one side submerged-arc welding and generate in the welding method of slag, is indispensable composition.But, if CaF
2content is more than 9 quality %, and arc stability deterioration, easily current interruption occurs.On the other hand, CaF
2when content is lower than 2 quality %, the meltbility that can not get solder flux improves effect, and the welding bead that crawls occurs.Therefore, CaF
2content is 2 ~ 9 quality %.
[Al
2o
3: 14 ~ 20 quality %]
Al
2o
3being neutral compound, is for the viscosity of slag and the effective composition of the adjustment of setting temperature.But, Al
2o
3when content is lower than 14 quality %, the viscosity of slag and setting temperature reduce, and weld width is inconsistent.On the other hand, if add Al
2o
3more than 20 quality %, then the setting temperature of slag becomes too high, and welding bead is difficult to launch, and weld bead shape becomes convex.Therefore, Al
2o
3content is 14 ~ 20 quality %.
[CO
2: 2 ~ 9 quality %]
CO
2for suppressing nitrogen to the intrusion of weld metal and reduce the effective composition of diffusivity hydrogen amount, adding in solder flux as metal carbonate.But, CO
2when content is lower than 2 quality %, the diffusivity hydrogen amount in weld metal uprises, low temperature resistant anti-thread breakage deterioration.On the other hand, if CO
2content is more than 9 quality %, and gas generating capacity is excessive, at cap bead generation pitted skin.Therefore, CO
2content is 2 ~ 9 quality %.
[Na
2o:1 ~ 3 quality %]
Na
2o is the composition for guaranteeing arc stability.Specifically, Na
2when O content is lower than 1 quality %, electric arc is extremely unstable, current interruption occur, weld bead shape and fusion penetration uneven.On the other hand, if Na
2o content is more than 3 quality %, then resistance to hygroscopicity reduces, low temperature resistant anti-thread breakage deterioration.
[B
2o
3: 0.1 ~ 1 quality %]
B
2o
3being reduced in welding, existing, for guaranteeing that toughness plays a role effectively as B in weld metal.But, B
2o
3when content is lower than 0.1 quality %, its effect is not in full use, toughness deterioration.On the other hand, if B
2o
3content is more than 1 quality %, then intensity is excessive, and heat cracking occurs.Therefore, B
2o
3content is 0.1 ~ 1 quality %.
[Mo:0.2 ~ 1 quality %]
Mo improves effective composition to hardenability, except Mo monomer, also adds with the form of Fe-Mo etc.But, when Mo content is lower than 0.2 quality %, weld metal organize coarsening, toughness deterioration.On the other hand, if add Mo more than 1 quality %, then the intensity of weld metal is excessive, and heat cracking occurs.
[Al:0.7 ~ 3 quality %]
Al is generally considered to be the effective element of miniaturization for deoxidation during welding and austenite particle diameter, but the present inventors make Al play a role further, are conceived to the heating functioin brought with the anti-ying of the aluminothermy of oxide.Specifically, utilize the heating functioin of the Al added in solder flux exactly, heat the solder flux (slag) of the melting when welding and reach a high temperature, thus in liquid slag, making convection current produce, allowing abrasive grit be difficult to be attached on cap bead.In order to obtain this effect, need the Al of more than interpolation 0.7 quality %.On the other hand, if make, Al surplus contains and more than 3 quality %, then at formation top, weld metal portion bainite structure, the toughness of weld metal is deteriorated.Further, Al, except Al monomer, can also add with the form of Fe-Al and Al-Mg etc.
[iron powder: 10 ~ 30 quality %]
Iron powder is necessary adding ingredient in the one side submerged-arc welding once needing a large amount of deposited metals.So, when iron content is lower than 10 quality %, can not get the effect of supplementary deposited metal amount, and the apparent density of solder flux diminishes, therefore resistance to blowing afloat property deterioration.On the other hand, if make iron powder contain more than 30 quality %, then in the solder flux in melting/solidify, the easy aggegation of iron powder, the quantitative change of aggegation iron powder deposition is many, and abrasive grit is easily attached to welding bead surface.And the apparent density of solder flux uprises, weld width can not be guaranteed.Therefore, the content of iron powder is 10 ~ 30 quality %.
[below Si:2 quality %]
If containing Si more than 2 quality %, then slag easily sinters on welding bead surface, and the fissility deterioration of slag, therefore Si content is limited in below 2 quality %.On the other hand, Si is also the effective composition of oxygen amount for reducing in weld metal, if therefore make Si contain more than 0.5 quality %, then also can show deoxidation effect, and toughness is improved.Therefore, in the solder flux of present embodiment, as required, Si is added in the scope of 0.5 ~ 2 quality %.Further, Si, except Si monomer, also can add with the form of Fe-Si etc.
[below Ti:1 quality %]
Ti is same with aforesaid Si, is the effective composition of oxygen amount for reducing in weld metal, but this effect fully can be reached by the interpolation of Si etc., and therefore in the solder flux of present embodiment, Ti is composition not necessarily.In addition, if Ti content is more than 1 quality %, then slag sintering is on welding bead surface, the deterioration of slag fissility.Therefore, Ti content is limited in below 1 quality %.On the other hand, if Ti contains more than 0.3 quality %, then the deoxidation effect of weld metal realizes further, can realize the raising of toughness.Therefore, in the solder flux of present embodiment, as required, Ti is added in the scope of 0.3 ~ 1 quality %.Further, Ti, except adding with the form of Ti monomer, can also add with the form of Fe-Ti etc.
[below Mn:1.5 quality %]
Mn is same with aforesaid Mo, has the effect that hardenability is improved, and is the effective composition of raising for intensity and toughness, if but Mn content more than 1.5 quality %, then slag sintering welding bead surface, slag fissility deterioration.In addition, in the solder flux of present embodiment, in order to add Mo, obtain the effect of hardenability thus, Mn content is limited in below 1.5 quality %.On the other hand, if Mn contains more than 0.5 quality %, then hardenability improves realization further, and toughness is improved.Therefore, in the solder flux of present embodiment, as required, Mn is added in the scope of 0.5 ~ 1.5 quality %.Further, Mn, except Mn monomer, can also add with the form of Fe-Mn etc.
[other composition]
The composition other than the above of the solder flux of present embodiment, such as, have FeO, ZrO
2, K
2o etc.
As described in detail above, the solder flux of present embodiment, makes iron content be in specific scope, and adds the Al of specified quantitative, therefore, it is possible to the aggegation of iron powder of resisting in the solder flux that suppresses in melting/solidify and the abrasive grit of generation are to the attachment of cap bead.Consequently, in one side submerged-arc welding, the excellent performance of machinery can be formed, there is no the sound cap bead of abrasive grit projection.
Also have, the solder flux of present embodiment, mainly use in one side submerged-arc welding method, but about its pad approach, be not particularly limited, the flux copper-gasket method being liner material with solder flux and copper, only with solder flux be liner material solder flux liner method, use any one methods such as the liner method of solid solder flux to be suitable for.In addition, about liner solder flux, be also not particularly limited, can directly apply existing solder flux.
[embodiment]
Below, enumerate examples and comparative examples of the present invention, effect of the present invention is specifically illustrated.In the present embodiment, use the welding wire shown in the steel plate shown in following table 1 and table 2, the bevel shape of the welding condition according to following table 3 and the steel plate shown in Fig. 2 (mother metal 10), implements one side submerged-arc welding, the performance of each solder flux of Evaluation operation example and comparative example.Further, the steel plate composition shown in following table 1 and the surplus of the composition of the welding wire shown in following table 2 are Fe and inevitable impurity.
[table 1]
[table 2]
[table 3]
The evaluation of each solder flux of embodiment and comparative example, by welding operation (welding bead outward appearance, undercut etc.), carries out according to the ultrasonic examination (UT) test (having flawless, slag inclusion etc.) of JISZ3060 and the pendulum impact test of foundation JISZ2242.In addition, pendulum impact test, it can (vE-20 DEG C) be qualified at more than 50J that pendulum at test temperature-20 DEG C absorbs, and lower than 50J is defective.Each solder flux composition of these evaluation results and embodiment and comparative example is presented in following table 4 and table 5.
[table 4]
[table 5]
As shown in table 4, the solder flux of the embodiment 1 ~ 31 made within the scope of the invention, welding operation, ultrasonic examination (UT) test and toughness (vE-20 DEG C) are all good.
In contrast, as shown in table 5, the solder flux of comparative example 1, because the content of the MgO in solder flux, lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so undercut occurs.On the other hand, the solder flux of comparative example 2, because the content of MgO exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so overlap occurs.The solder flux of comparative example 3, because Fe content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, occurs so reinforcement is not enough.The solder flux of comparative example 4 is because Fe content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so abrasive grit occurs on welding bead surface.
The solder flux of comparative example 5, because SiO
2content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so overlap occurs.On the other hand, the solder flux of comparative example 6, because SiO
2content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so undercut occurs.In addition, the solder flux of comparative example 7, because Al
2o
3content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so weld width is inconsistent.On the other hand, the solder flux of comparative example 8, because Al
2o
3content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so welding bead becomes convex.
The solder flux of comparative example 9, because TiO
2content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so slag fissility is deteriorated.On the other hand, the solder flux of comparative example 10, because TiO
2content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so the ripple of welding bead is thicker.In addition, the solder flux of comparative example 11, because CaO content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so undercut occurs.On the other hand, the solder flux of comparative example 12, because CaO content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, welding bead becomes convex.
The solder flux of comparative example 13, because CO
2content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so the diffusivity hydrogen amount in weld metal uprises, low-temperature cracks occurs.On the other hand, the solder flux of comparative example 14, because CO
2content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so there is pitted skin on welding bead surface.In addition, the solder flux of comparative example 15, because CaF
2content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so the welding bead that crawls occurs.On the other hand, the solder flux of comparative example 16, because CaF
2content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so current interruption takes place frequently.
The solder flux of comparative example 17, because Na
2o content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so the welding bead that crawls occurs.On the other hand, the solder flux of comparative example 18, because Na
2o content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so low-temperature cracks occurs.In addition, the solder flux of comparative example 19, because Si content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so slag sintering occurs, toughness deterioration.In addition, the solder flux of comparative example 20, because Mn content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so slag fissility is deteriorated.In addition, the solder flux of comparative example 21, because Ti content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so slag fissility is deteriorated.
The solder flux of comparative example 22, because Mo content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so toughness is deteriorated.On the other hand, because Mo content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, there is heat cracking in the solder flux of comparative example 23 in weld metal.In addition, the solder flux of comparative example 24, because B
2o
3content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so toughness is deteriorated.On the other hand, the solder flux of comparative example 25, because B
2o
3content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so there is heat cracking in weld metal.In addition, the solder flux of comparative example 26, because Al content is lower than the lower limit of the scope of the invention, so have abrasive grit to occur on welding bead surface.On the other hand, the solder flux of comparative example 27 is because Al content exceedes the upper limit of the scope of the invention, so toughness is deteriorated.
Also have, the evaluation of each solder flux of aforesaid embodiment and comparative example, the evaluation of one side submerged-arc welding is implemented with flux copper-gasket method, namely on copper coin with certain thickness scattering liner solder flux, be crimped on the method that face, the steel plate back side carries out welding, and do not use copper coin, and in the solder flux liner method making liner solder flux solidify to carry out with use in the liner method of solid solder flux, also substantially same result can be obtained.In addition, the result of three electrode weldings is shown in table 4 and table 5, but in addition also have in four electrode weldings at single electrode, bipolar electrode, the dissolving of the solder flux after welding/process of setting does not have difference, therefore, it is possible to obtain the result same with the situation of three electrode weldings shown in table 4 and table 5 yet.
According to above results verification, the solder flux of the application of the invention, in single electrode or multielectrode one side submerged-arc welding, can obtain the cap bead shape that perfects and mechanical property.
Claims (3)
1. an one side solder flux used for submerged arc welding, is characterized in that, containing SiO
2: 10 ~ 30 quality %, CaO:3 ~ 9 quality %, MgO:15 ~ 35 quality %, TiO
2: 4 ~ 20 quality %, CaF
2: 2 ~ 9 quality %, Al
2o
3: 14 ~ 20 quality %, CO
2: 2 ~ 9 quality %, Na
2o:1 ~ 3 quality %, B
2o
3: 0.1 ~ 1 quality %, Mo:0.2 ~ 1 quality %, Al:0.7 ~ 3 quality %, iron powder: 10 ~ 30 quality %, and, limit below Si:2 quality %, Mn:1.5 below quality %, below Ti:1 quality %.
2. one side according to claim 1 solder flux used for submerged arc welding, is characterized in that, containing Si:0.5 ~ 2 quality % and/or Ti:0.3 ~ 1 quality %.
3. one side according to claim 1 and 2 solder flux used for submerged arc welding, is characterized in that, containing Mn:0.5 ~ 1.5 quality %.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012015543A JP2013154363A (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2012-01-27 | Flux for one side submerged arc welding |
| JP2012-015543 | 2012-01-27 |
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|---|---|
| CN103223562A CN103223562A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| CN103223562B true CN103223562B (en) | 2016-02-10 |
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| JP6071798B2 (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2017-02-01 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Flux for single-sided submerged arc welding |
| JP6152316B2 (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2017-06-21 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Flux for single-sided submerged arc welding |
| JP6071797B2 (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2017-02-01 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Flux for single-sided submerged arc welding |
| JP6071834B2 (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2017-02-01 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Flux for single-sided submerged arc welding |
| CN104772580B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2017-04-12 | 日铁住金溶接工业株式会社 | Multi-electrode single-side submerged-arc welding bond flux |
| CN104096987B (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2017-01-18 | 武汉铁锚焊接材料股份有限公司 | High-basicity and high-tenacity submerged-arc welding flux for oceaneering and preparation method of high-basicity and high-tenacity submerged-arc welding flux |
| CN104400256A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-11 | 天津市宏远钛铁有限公司 | Low-hygroscopicity submerged-arc welding sintered flux and preparation method thereof |
| CN105081615B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-04-05 | 武汉铁锚焊接材料股份有限公司 | A kind of ocean engineering high tenacity low hydrogen type sintered flux and preparation method thereof |
| JP6913463B2 (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2021-08-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Backing flux |
| JP7294979B2 (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2023-06-20 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Welding material, weld metal and electroslag welding method |
| JP2022099821A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-07-05 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Submerged arc welding flux |
| CN113695789B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-22 | 东北大学 | Sintered flux for welding HSLA steel and preparation method thereof |
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| US3947655A (en) * | 1974-05-15 | 1976-03-30 | The Lincoln Electric Company | Cored type electrode welding |
| US4036671A (en) * | 1975-04-14 | 1977-07-19 | La Soudure Electrique Autogene, Procedes Arcos, S.A. | Flux for the submerged arc welding of ordinary, semi-alloyed or special steels |
| CN1222426A (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 1999-07-14 | 川崎制铁株式会社 | Sinter molding flux for submerged-arc welding and its manufacture |
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| CN103223562A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| JP2013154363A (en) | 2013-08-15 |
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