CN103219051A - Controllable continuous deuteron fusion energy producing method and controllable continuous deuterium fusion energy producing system - Google Patents
Controllable continuous deuteron fusion energy producing method and controllable continuous deuterium fusion energy producing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103219051A CN103219051A CN2012103022520A CN201210302252A CN103219051A CN 103219051 A CN103219051 A CN 103219051A CN 2012103022520 A CN2012103022520 A CN 2012103022520A CN 201210302252 A CN201210302252 A CN 201210302252A CN 103219051 A CN103219051 A CN 103219051A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a controllable continuous deuteron fusion energy producing method and a controllable continuous deuteron fusion energy producing system. The energy producing method comprises the following steps: (1) deuteron separation, (2) deuteron acceleration, (3) calibration, (4) fusion, (5) deuteron collision fusion, (6) return utilization of high-speed particles, (7) energy conversion and (8) recycle of reaction product. The energy producing system mainly comprises a pre-processing device, a nuclear fusion device, a recycling device, a vacuum device, an energy exchange device and a safety protection device. The energy producing method and the energy producing system have the advantages that a theory of rear collision is put forward; energy of high-speed particles is utilized fully, system efficiency is improved, the efficient design that output energy is larger than input energy is achieved; and a loop-locked automatic control device and the reliable safety protection device are included.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nuclear fusion production capacity method and production capacity system, specifically refer to the production capacity method and the production capacity system of controllable continuous deuteron fusion.
Background technology
Along with the raising of industrialization degree, the increase of population, world energy consumption also rises rapidly, and human energy crisis appears.According to statistics, the known total reservess of natural fuel such as global coal, oil are about 7 * 10
15KWh, possible maximum total reserves can not increase by 20 times more yet.The reserves of nuclear fission fuel uranium, thorium etc. are about 8 * 10
17KWh, and the annual gross generation in the whole world surpasses 10 at present
15KWh.
H-bomb test before more than 60 year proves that the deuteron thermonuclear fusion can produce huge energy.Studies show that, but 1 gram deuterium production capacity 10
5KWh is than uranium (U
235) production capacity is big 4 times, all the deuterium fusion production capacity in the seawater can reach 3 * 10
24KWh.
But how controlling the deuteron fusion is a very big difficult problem.The forties in 20th century, what scientists was at first expected is to utilize accelerator to quicken deuteron, bombards the heavy water experiment.But because there is electronics the outside of the atom in the heavy water, the most of energy consumption of the deuteron after the acceleration excites and ionization in the collision with electronics, and the probability that really produces nuclear fusion is atomic.So scientists has at that time just negated the feasibility of carrying out the controllable continuous nuclear fusion reaction in this way.
Scientists is imagined the deuteron that has quickened with two bundles again and is clashed and realize nuclear fusion.Because the deuteron positively charged has produced huge coulomb electric repulsion after two deuterons are close, through multiple coulomb scattering, make the deflection angle of deuteron accumulation reach 90
oAfter leave beam, no longer participate in deuteron head-on collision, thus the deuteron that participates in fusion only be 50,000/, the energy that fusion is produced is far smaller than intake.So the feasibility that the controllable continuous nuclear fusion reaction is carried out in this usefulness two bundle deuteron head-on collisions has also been negated.
Like this, scientists has negated to quicken the back with deuteron to bump against the controllable continuous nuclear fusion reaction scheme that produces basically.
After, scientist once attempted to utilize schemes such as high temperature, magnetically confined, light laser bombardment, electron beam or heavy ion beam constraint to produce the deuteron fusion of controllable continuous, but failed so far to reach the practical stage.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of controllable continuous deuteron fusion production capacity system, native system is by the pattern of a kind of " deuteron bumps against from beginning to end " completely newly, fundamentally solve the present difficulty that runs into, thereby produce the deuteron fusion of controllable continuous, and the energy conversion that fusion produces is become the energy of other formation.
Our design is:
By to finding after a large amount of experimental analyses: deuteron fusion reaction institute energy requirement, calculated value differs very big with the experiment actual value.Except particle passes the tunnel effect of coulomb potential barrier and particle movement speed by Maxwell's distribution factor, also there is prior factor, that is exactly the influence of structure with the head-on collision mode of nucleon.
Deuteron is made of a proton P and a neutron n.Mode is most typical three kinds for deuteron collision: the head is bumped against, the tail tail bumps against and rear end collision.
The head is bumped against: because the deuteron positively charged, when it quickened in high-energy particle accelerator, proton (P) hold preceding, neutron (n) hold after.The proton end head-on collision of deuteron must run into huge Coulomb barrier.Two deuterons are difficult to polyreaction, and this is early stage scientists makes the failure of deuteron head-on collision carrying out nuclear fusion with accelerator a one of the main reasons.
The tail tail bumps against: the neutron end head-on collision of deuteron, this method is difficult to realize.
Rear end collision: the proton of a deuteron (P) end bumps against with neutron (n) end of another deuteron, and at this moment the Coulomb barrier between them is much lower, and required polymerizing energy is just much lower, and the probability that produces the deuteron impact fusion is just much higher.The scheme that the present invention that Here it is selects.
The present invention adopts two accelerators to quicken two bundle deuterons respectively, makes them have two kinds of speed respectively, and makes their motions in the same way in same nuclear fusion district, and the collision of knocking into the back, and produces the deuteron fusion reaction.
The deuteron fusion reaction mainly contains four kinds of modes:
（1）?D﹢D→
3He＋n＋3.25MeV
（2）?D﹢D→T＋p＋4.0MeV
（3）?D﹢T→
4He＋n＋17.6MeV
（4）?D﹢
3He→
4He＋p＋18.3MeV
Total effect of these four kinds of modes can be combined into the same form:
6D→2
4He＋2p＋2n＋43.15MeV。
In the formula: D-deuterium, T-tritium, He-helium, P-proton, n-neutron.
Quicken two bundle deuterons respectively with particle accelerator, make them possess different speed V
1(ENERGY E
1) and V
2(ENERGY E
2), Δ E=E wherein
1-E
2﹥ 10
5EV makes this two bundles deuteron collision of knocking into the back in the nuclear fusion district, carry out nuclear fusion reaction.To the deuteron of the fusion that do not bump and the intermediate product tritium (T) of fusion has taken place and helium 3 (
3He) etc., it is drawn go back to the nuclear fusion district continue to participate in impact fusion,, increase energy gain with the bump probability of fusion of raising.Control the density of this two bundles deuteron and the energy difference between them, just can control the probability of nuclear collision fusion, the energy-producing size of control nuclear fusion.Adopt the energy exchange device that energy is exported as the energy that simultaneously nuclear fusion is produced, just can be effectively the energy of nuclear fusion generation be used, as the driving steam turbine generating etc.
A kind of controllable continuous deuteron fusion production capacity method of the present invention the steps include:
⑴ deuteron separates; Heavy water is resolved into deuterium gas and oxygen, and deuteron ionization from deuterium gas is come out;
⑵ deuteron quickens: deuteron is divided into two-way, regulates the density of two-way deuteron respectively, and the two-way deuteron is introduced two particle accelerators respectively, deuteron is accelerated into has 2 bundle high-velocity particles streams of certain kinetic energy, and satisfy Δ E=E
1-E
2﹥ 10
5EV;
⑶ calibration: calibrate position and the direction that two bundle deuterons enter the nuclear fusion district by the Lorentz force that magnetic field produces charged particle, make their motions on same axis, to improve the probability that impact fusion produces;
⑷ gather nuclear: the part deuteron may depart from the nuclear fusion district and cause energy loss in the nuclear fusion district, and the effect of poly-nuclear is under the effect in magnetic field, and the deuteron generation that constraint enters the nuclear fusion district departs from the deflection that moves axis, improves the probability of impact fusion.
⑸ deuteron impact fusion: the deuteron particle after two bundles quicken is coaxial introduces the nuclear fusion district in the same way, and produces the rear-end impact fusion at the volley, produces the continuous kernel fusion;
⑹ the Returning utilization of high-velocity particles: the high speed deuteron of the fusion that will not bump and intermediate product tritium (T) and the helium 3(after the fusion
3He) under the magnetic field force effect, return the nuclear fusion district, continue to participate in impact fusion;
⑺ energy change of variable: the energy with the continuous kernel fusion produces converts the utilizable energy source output of other form to by energy exchange;
⑻ reaction product reclaims: with reacted product helium (
4He) separate recovery with neutron.
A kind of controllable continuous deuteron fusion production capacity of the present invention system is characterized in that: mainly comprise pretreating device, nuclear fusion device, vacuum plant, retracting device, energy exchange device and safety guard;
Described pretreating device mainly comprises D O separator, and the deuterium pneumoelectric is from device, 2 internally piloted valves and 2 groups of particle accelerators; Wherein D O separator resolves into deuterium gas and oxygen with heavy water, the deuterium pneumoelectric is ionized into deuteron from device with deuterium gas, deuteron after the ionization is divided into two-way and enters described 2 groups of particle accelerators by described 2 internally piloted valves respectively, the two-way deuteron is accelerated into the high speed deuteron stream that two bundles have different-energy, and satisfies Δ E=E
1-E
2﹥ 10
5EV;
Described nuclear fusion device mainly comprises calibrating device, poly-nuclear device, nuclear fusion district, returner and returns the receipts device; The Lorentz force that calibrating device produces charged particle by magnetic field is calibrated position and the direction that two bundle deuteron particles enter the nuclear fusion district, they are accumulated on the same axis moves, and under the constraint of poly-nuclear device, produce impact fusion in the nuclear fusion district, the deuteron of intermediate product tritium after the fusion and helium 3 and not fusion by returner, return and receive device and return the nuclear fusion district and continue to participate in impact fusion;
Described retracting device mainly comprises vacuum separator and neutron recover, be used for reclaiming the helium that reaction produces (
4He) and neutron;
Described vacuum plant provides system required high vacuum state;
Described energy exchange device is used for the energy conversion that fusion produces is become exporting of other formation;
Described safety guard comprises self-con-tained unit and safety guard; The self-con-tained unit of closed loop is regulated the valve that deuteron enters the nuclear fusion district at key position (high temperature and high pressure steam outlet) sensor installation automatically according to measured value, controls the level of deuteron fusion automatically; Safety guard provides the safety guarantee of total system efficiently; install and measure sensor at each key position; when measuring danger signal; give the alarm immediately, close deuterium gas " valve " in case of necessity, if danger signal is not got rid of; start the deuteron returner immediately and return the FR switch of receiving in the device; make reversing magnetic field, make all light nucleus (comprising proton, deuteron, triton etc.) depart from the nuclear fusion district immediately, end nuclear fusion.
The present invention has following outstanding characteristics:
1) propose the theory knock into the back and to bump against: the deuteron that two bundles carry different-energy enters the nuclear fusion district in the same way, because two bundle deuteron movement velocity differences, therefore the required Coulomb barrier that overcomes is lower, and the collision of can knocking into the back with the deuteron of front low-speed motion of the deuteron of high-speed motion is when satisfying Δ E=E
1-E
2﹥ 10
5During eV, can produce nuclear fusion.As the deuteron number that enters the nuclear fusion district is abundant, and the length in nuclear fusion district reaches designing requirement, just can produce continuous deuteron fusion.Control enters the deuteron number in nuclear fusion district and their movement velocity, the level of the continuous deuteron fusion of may command.
2) make full use of the energy of high-velocity particles, improve system effectiveness, realize the efficient design of output energy: the unique apparatus that the present invention proposes the efficient of following a series of raising nuclear fusions greater than intake, thereby the output energy of having realized controlled nuclear fusion becomes a reality the energy that utilizes nuclear fusion to produce greater than intake.
2 liang of group deuteron accelerators: the design adopts two groups of accelerators, produce the deuteron of two kinds of different kinetic energy, having realized knocking into the back and bumped against the deuteron fusion, thoroughly overcome the shortcoming of quickening deuteron bombardment heavy water target with one group of accelerator, also is that condition has been created in the not recovery of fusion deuteron.
2 poly-nuclear devices: deuteron is in service the nuclear fusion district, the part nucleon may depart from the operation axis and cause energy loss for various reasons, utilize charged particle poly-nuclear device of the principle design of meeting generation deflection in magnetic field can keep these nucleons not produce and depart from, thereby greatly improve nuclear fusion efficient.
2 return mechanisms: utilize the deflecting action in magnetic field, this device can make the intermediate product of high energy duteron that nuclear fusion does not take place and nuclear fusion process-as tritium (T), helium 3(
3He) etc.-return the nuclear fusion district, continue to participate in fusion reaction, therefore can make full use of the energy of the intermediate product of high energy duteron that nuclear fusion does not take place and nuclear fusion process, thereby improve the efficient of nuclear fusion greatly, having reduced intake, is to realize that controlled deuteron fusion says energy greater than one of key device of intake.
3) self-con-tained unit of closed loop:, regulate the valve that deuteron enters the nuclear fusion district automatically, with the level of automatic control deuteron fusion at key position (as the high temperature and high pressure steam outlet) sensor installation.
4) reliable safety guard: install and measure sensor at each key position, when measuring danger signal, give the alarm immediately, and close deuterium gas " valve "; If danger signal is not got rid of, start the deuteron returner immediately and return the reverser of receiving magnetic field in the device, make reversing magnetic field, all light nucleus (comprising proton, deuteron, triton etc.) depart from the nuclear fusion district immediately, stop nuclear fusion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. controllable continuous deuteron fusion production capacity system construction drawing.
Among the figure: 1-heavy water jar, 2-valve, 3-D O separator, 4-deuterium gas tank, 5-oxygen tank, 6-valve, 7-deuterium pneumoelectric be from device, the 8-internally piloted valve, 9-electronics use device, 10-deuteron particle accelerator, 11-internally piloted valve, 12-deuteron accelerator, the 13-Turbo-generator Set, 14-neutron recover, 15-vacuum separator, the 16-returner, the poly-nuclear of 17-device, 18-energy exchanger, 19-calibrating device, 20-return the receipts device, 21-nuclear fusion device.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described now to reach accompanying drawing in conjunction with the embodiments.
By Fig. 1, a kind of controllable continuous deuteron fusion production capacity of the present invention system mainly comprises pretreating device, nuclear fusion device, vacuum plant, retracting device, energy exchange device and safety guard.
Described pretreating device mainly comprises D O separator 3, and the deuterium pneumoelectric is from 7,2 internally piloted valves 8 of device and 11 and 2 groups of particle accelerators 10 and 12.Heavy water is by 1 output of heavy water jar, enter D O separator 3 through valve 2, heavy water is resolved into deuterium gas and oxygen, deuterium gas enters the deuterium gas tank, enter the deuterium pneumoelectric by valve 6 again and deuterium gas is ionized into deuteron, be divided into two-way then, enter particle accelerator 10 and 12 by internally piloted valve 8 and 11 respectively from device 7, be accelerated into the high speed deuteron stream that the two-way deuteron has different-energy, and the kinetic energy difference of satisfied two bundle of particle is greater than 10
5EV, i.e. Δ E=E
1-E
2﹥ 10
5EV enters nuclear fusion device 21 then.
Described nuclear fusion device 21 mainly comprises calibrating device 19, poly-nuclear device 17, nuclear fusion district, and returner 16 is received device 20 with returning.The Lorentz force that calibrating device 19 produces charged particle by magnetic field is calibrated position and the direction that two bundle deuteron particles enter the nuclear fusion district, they is accumulated on the same axis move.Deuteron is in service the nuclear fusion district, the part nucleon may depart from the operation axis and cause energy loss for various reasons, utilize charged particle poly-nuclear device 17 of the principle design of meeting generation deflection in magnetic field can keep these nucleons not produce and depart from, thereby greatly improve nuclear fusion efficient.The deuteron particle that is accelerated produces impact fusion in the nuclear fusion district under the constraint of poly-nuclear device 17, give off energy; The deuteron of intermediate product tritium after the fusion and helium 3 and not fusion by returner 16, return and receive device 20 and return the nuclear fusion district, continue to participate in the impact fusion reaction, to raise the efficiency.
Described retracting device mainly comprises vacuum separator 15 and neutron recover 14, vacuum separator 15 be used for reclaiming the helium that reaction generates (
4He), the neutron that produces in the reaction is reclaimed by neutron recover 14.
Deuteron quickens, high vacuum all will be pumped into by the operational process and the nuclear fusion district of nucleon, and described vacuum plant provides system required high vacuum state.
The energy that nuclear fusion discharges makes water become superheated vapor by described energy exchange device 18, the 13 generating outputs of steam supply turbine generator group.
Described safety guard comprises self-con-tained unit and safety guard.
The self-con-tained unit of closed loop is included in each key position, the sensor that outlet is installed as high temperature and high pressure steam, and central controller is regulated the internally piloted valve 8 and 11 that deuteron enters nuclear fusion device 21, with the level of automatic control deuteron fusion automatically according to the data of sensor report.
Safety guard provides the safety guarantee of total system efficiently, is included in the sensor that each key position is installed, and when measuring danger signal, gives the alarm immediately, and closes deuterium gas main valve 2.If danger signal is not got rid of, start deuteron returner 16 immediately and return the reverser of receiving magnetic field in the device 20, make reversing magnetic field, make all light nucleus (comprising proton, deuteron, triton etc.) depart from the nuclear fusion district immediately, stop nuclear fusion.
Claims (2)
1. a controllable continuous deuteron fusion production capacity method the steps include:
Deuteron separates; Heavy water is resolved into deuterium gas and oxygen, and deuteron ionization from deuterium gas is come out;
Deuteron quickens: deuteron is divided into two-way, regulates the density of two-way deuteron respectively, and the two-way deuteron is introduced two particle accelerators respectively, deuteron is accelerated into has 2 bundle high-velocity particles streams of certain kinetic energy, and satisfy Δ E=E
1-E
2﹥ 10
5EV;
Calibration: position and direction by calibration two bundle deuterons in magnetic field enter the nuclear fusion district make their motions on same axis, to improve the probability that impact fusion produces;
Poly-nuclear: under the effect in magnetic field, the deuteron generation that constraint enters the nuclear fusion district departs from the deflection that moves axis, improves the probability of impact fusion;
The deuteron impact fusion: the deuteron particle after two bundles quicken is coaxial introduces the nuclear fusion district in the same way, and produces the rear-end impact fusion at the volley;
The Returning utilization of high-velocity particles: the high speed deuteron of the fusion that will not bump and intermediate product tritium (T) and the helium 3(after the fusion
3He) under the magnetic field force effect, return the nuclear fusion district, continue to participate in impact fusion;
The energy change of variable: the energy with the continuous kernel fusion produces converts the utilizable energy source output of other form to by energy exchange;
Reaction product reclaims: with reacted product helium (
4He), neutron separates recovery.
2. a controllable continuous deuteron fusion production capacity system is characterized in that: mainly comprise pretreating device, nuclear fusion device, retracting device, vacuum plant, energy exchange device composition and safety guard;
Described pretreating device mainly comprises D O separator (3), and the deuterium pneumoelectric is from installing (7), 2 internally piloted valves (8) and (11) and 2 groups of particle accelerators (10) and (12); Wherein D O separator (3) resolves into deuterium gas and oxygen with heavy water, the deuterium pneumoelectric is ionized into deuteron from device (7) with deuterium gas, deuteron after the ionization is divided into two-way and enters described 2 groups of particle accelerators by described 2 internally piloted valves respectively, the two-way deuteron is accelerated into the high speed deuteron stream that two bundles have different-energy, and satisfies Δ E=E
1-E
2﹥ 10
5EV;
Described nuclear fusion device (21) mainly comprises calibrating device (19), poly-nuclear device (17), nuclear fusion district, returner (16) and returns and receive device (20); The Lorentz force that calibrating device (19) produces charged particle by magnetic field is calibrated position and the direction that two bundle deuteron particles enter the nuclear fusion district, they are accumulated on the same axis moves, and under the constraint of poly-nuclear device (17), produce impact fusion in the nuclear fusion district, the deuteron of intermediate product tritium after the fusion and helium 3 and not fusion by returner (16), return and receive devices (20) and return the nuclear fusion district and continue the participation impact fusion;
Described retracting device mainly comprises vacuum separator (15) and neutron recover (14), be used for reclaiming the helium that reaction produces (
4He) and neutron;
Described vacuum plant provides system required high vacuum state;
Described energy exchange device (18) is used for the energy conversion that fusion produces is become exporting of other formation;
Described safety guard comprises self-con-tained unit and safety guard; The self-con-tained unit of closed loop is regulated the valve that deuteron enters particle accelerator at the key position sensor installation automatically according to measured value, controls the level of deuteron fusion automatically; Safety guard provides the safety guarantee of total system efficiently; install and measure sensor at each key position; when measuring danger signal; give the alarm immediately, close deuterium gas " valve " in case of necessity, if danger signal is not got rid of; start the deuteron returner immediately and return the FR switch of receiving in the device; make reversing magnetic field, make all light nucleus depart from the nuclear fusion district immediately, end nuclear fusion.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN104900289A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-09-09 | 清华大学 | Method, device and system for preparing tritium |
| WO2023185219A1 (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 戴文韬 | Nuclear fusion method and device for hydrogen-deuterium-tritium alloy reactor |
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| WO1990013125A1 (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-11-01 | Brigham Young University | Piezonuclear fusion |
| CN1229255A (en) * | 1999-03-04 | 1999-09-22 | 卢杲 | Main equipment of spherical magnetic confinement nuclear fusion reactor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104900289A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-09-09 | 清华大学 | Method, device and system for preparing tritium |
| WO2023185219A1 (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 戴文韬 | Nuclear fusion method and device for hydrogen-deuterium-tritium alloy reactor |
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