CN103217814B - A kind of optical electro-optic intensity modulator and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention is to provide a kind of optical electro-optic intensity modulator and preparation method thereof.Comprise the first optical fiber (1), the second optical fiber (2), first optical fiber (1) merges the formation parallel close Coupling power district (3) of fibre core with the second optical fiber (2) through heating, axial tension, covering, in the symmetria bilateralis of Coupling power district (3), pair of electrodes (4) is set, connecting electrode lead-in wire (10) on electrode, at the upper high voltage of two electrodes (4), polarization process is carried out to Coupling power district (3), makes the fibre cladding (8) in Coupling power district (3) between two fibre cores (7) have electrooptical modulation characteristic.Present invention utilizes the relation of coupling efficiency and refractive index, the change of modulation voltage is directly changed into the change of output intensity, it is advantageous that polairzed area shortens to centimetres, volume is little, and modulating speed is fast, is convenient to integrated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical electro-optic intensity modulator.
Background technology
Electro-optical modulation device is a kind of modulation device be widely used at present in the fields such as high speed optical communication, conventional LiNbO
3although phase-modulator has the advantage of large bandwidth, two-forty, same exist the shortcomings such as very difficult with being coupled of optical fiber, coupling efficiency is low, the cost that is coupled is high, and manufacturing price is expensive.What require communication performance along with people improves constantly, and the demand that all-fiber devices replaces conventional modulated device also becomes original more urgent.And optical fiber has low-loss, bandwidth, two-forty, noiseless, volume is little, the advantage such as lightweight, therefore will become the development trend of technical field of optical fiber in fiber optic applications to electro-optical modulation device.The development of fiber polarization technology, makes can produce second nonlinear in fused quartz optical fiber, although the electric susceptibility order of magnitude produced is very little, this is that the all-fiber electro-optical modulator obtaining novel practical provides possibility.
Since 1994, the people such as P.G.Kazansky of Southampton University of Southampton devises " D " type optical fiber structure (Journal of Lightwave Technology of single-mode fiber grinding and polishing, Glass fiber poling and applications, 1997,15 (8), 1484 ~ 1491), get profit and obtain the electrooptical effect of thermal poling in vacuum by the method for electron beam irradiation.And thermal poling single-mode fiber is used for making single-mode fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer as electro-optic phase modulator, demonstrate the single-mode fiber electro-optic intensity modulator of light in 150KHz modulating frequency of 0.83 mum wavelength, because this intensity modulator general single mode fiber is made, in optical transport, polarisation of light state changes greatly, need by the polarization state in Polarization Controller control Mach-Zehnder interferometer system in experiment, and the polarized optical fibre electrode of Kazansky is pressed on optical fiber, do not carry out the practical encapsulation of electrode, therefore have difficulties at polarization beat length and electrode package, this structure cannot be applied to the polarization compared with long optical fibers, and long electrooptical modulation at a high speed cannot be used for.
The fine electro-optic phase modulator of full polarization that Ji'nan University Chen Zhe in 2000 utilizes thermal poling 1.3 μm of optical wavelength panda protecting polarized light fibers to make with micro-strip electrode (is coated with the thermal poled fiber device of micro-strip electrode, number of patent application: 00113687.9), this phase-modulator solves the control of polarization state and the problem of electrode package, but this modulator is the change being caused a phase by the change of refractive index, recycling interferometer structure changes into the change of light intensity, and the variations in refractive index that polarized optical fibre causes is very little, device length can only be lengthened to realize modulation effect, this just brings the impact of electric capacity and inductance aspect to modulator, have impact on modulating speed simultaneously.
All-fiber phase modulator (preparation method of dual hole polarized optical fibre phase regulator and product that the people such as 2007 Tsing-Hua University Wu Gang utilize polarized optical fibre to make, number of patent application: 200610113382.4), be successfully applied in fibre optic gyroscope, phase-modulator is changed into fiber strength modulator simultaneously, make optical switch.But the electrooptical coefficient that polarization produces is very little, realizes the length that phase-modulation needs to lengthen device, the impact of electric capacity and inductance can be brought, affect modulating speed simultaneously; The modulation wanting to realize intensity also needs interferometer structure, brings inconvenience to system.
From the characteristic of polarized optical fibre itself, the electrooptical coefficient produced due to polarized light fibre core is very little, therefore need longer fiber lengths (usually wanting more than 10cm) that desirable modulation effect could be obtained, and common polarized optical fibre device all belongs to phase modulation-type device, need to be built into interferometer structure and could realize intensity modulation function, for no matter this kind of device is to make or practical application all brings inconvenience.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of polairzed area to centimetres, volume is little, and modulating speed is fast, is convenient to integrated optical electro-optic intensity modulator.The present invention also aims to provide a kind of optical electro-optic intensity modulator to obtain method for making.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Optical electro-optic intensity modulator of the present invention comprises the first optical fiber 1, second optical fiber 2, first optical fiber 1 merges the formation parallel close Coupling power district 3 of fibre core with the second optical fiber 2 through heating, axial tension, covering, in the symmetria bilateralis in Coupling power district 3, pair of electrodes 4 is set, connecting electrode lead-in wire 10 on electrode, high voltage on two electrodes 4, polarization process is carried out to Coupling power district 3, makes the fibre cladding 8 in Coupling power district 3 between two fibre cores 7 have electrooptical modulation characteristic.
Optical electro-optic intensity modulator of the present invention can also comprise:
1, the outer suit in Coupling power district 3 protective quartz pipe 9; contact conductor 10 is drawn from protective quartz pipe 9 side; first optical fiber 1 stretches out outside protective quartz pipe 9, and the second optical fiber 2 does not stretch out outside protective quartz pipe 9, and there is epoxy sealing at protective quartz pipe 9 two ends.
2, the diameter of described electrode 4 is less than the diameter of the first optical fiber 1 and the second optical fiber 2, described electrode 4 length be no more than Coupling power district 3 length, two parallel placements of electrode 4 and two electrode 4 lines of centres are vertical with two fiber cores 7 lines and intersect at line mid point.
The preparation method of optical electro-optic intensity modulator of the present invention is:
(1) parallel with the second optical fiber 2 for the first optical fiber 1 being close to is positioned in moveable V-type groove 5, utilizes oxyhydrogen flame 6 heat two optical fiber and carry out axial tension, form covering fusion, the parallel close Coupling power district 3 of fibre core;
(2) two diameters are less than the diameter of the first optical fiber 1 and the second optical fiber 2, both sides that electrode 4 symmetry that length is no more than Coupling power district 3 length is fixed on Coupling power district 3, two parallel placements of electrode 4, two electrode 4 lines of centres are vertical with two fiber cores 7 lines and intersect at line mid point;
(3) high voltage on two electrodes 4, carries out polarization process to Coupling power district 3, makes the fibre cladding 8 in Coupling power district 3 between two fibre cores 7 have electrooptical modulation characteristic;
(4) protective quartz pipe 9 on the outer cover in Coupling power district 3, contact conductor 10 is drawn from protective quartz pipe 9 side, and the part of being stretched out by the second optical fiber 2 outside protective quartz pipe 9 is removed, and sealed at protective quartz pipe 9 two ends with epoxy resin.
Described to Coupling power district 3 carry out the polarizing method of process be: 250 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C, under electrode 4 voltages are the condition of 2500v, continue 15 minutes, then remove temperature, while maintenance voltage, be cooled to room temperature.
Principle of the present invention is:
Two parallel being close to of optical fiber are positioned over moveable V-type groove, and utilizing oxyhydrogen flame heat two optical fiber and carry out axial tension, make two fiber cores close, to external expansion, there is effective coupling power at quite short cone neck area in propagation field.Pattern in the most effective coverage (cone neck) of coupling power is cladding mode substantially, and propagation field departs from fibre core, and at this moment field is propagated in the new waveguide formed at covering and foreign medium (air or other fillers be applicable to).Comparatively speaking, the size of fiber cores is reduced to negligible degree because drawing cone.To simplify the analysis, the impact of fibre core is ignored.Even if centreless approximate processing also can obtain simple result for the coupling mechanism of arbitrary tangent.Typical melting cone type coupling approximate model wherein one is that cone neck area is longitudinal for parallel linear, and horizontal tangent plane is rectangle, and as shown in Figure 4, wherein L is the neck length between bipyramid, n
2for the refractive index of fibre cladding, the refractive index of filling medium is 1, a is coupling mechanism neck smallest cross-sectional size.
Consider the interaction of two kinds of lowest-order parity mode in the rectangular waveguide in Fig. 4, the luminous power of an one output terminal will with wavelength mechanical periodicity, namely
P=P
0sin
2(CL) （1）
P in formula
0for Output optical power; C is coupling coefficient, and its value is calculated by following formula
After (2) formula is brought into (3) formula, (1) formula of bringing into again can be calculated, optical fiber end Output optical power P and fibre cladding refractive index n
2funtcional relationship expression formula, if known fibre cladding refractive index n
2when changing, so fiber-optic output luminous power P can change thereupon.
Optical fiber fused quartz is made, and fused quartz is the material of center inverting symmetry, does not thus have second order nonlinear effect and linear electro-optic effect.But after thermal poling or ultraviolet polarization, its inside will be made to change, be no longer centrosymmetric medium, just create second order nonlinear effect and linear electro-optic effect.If the both sides of polarized optical fiber are added with modulation voltage, because now polarized optical fibre is no longer the material of center inverting symmetry, can produce cross electro-optical effect, this comprises Pockels electrooptical effect and Kerr electrooptical effect.
When extra electric field applying frequency is ω
msinusoidal modulation signal V
m=V
m0sin(ω
mt), time, the modulated electric fields that polarized optical fibre obtains can be expressed as: E
m=E
m0sin(ω
mt), because polarized electrode distance is very little, and the refringence of fibre core and covering is less, therefore the electric field between two electrodes can be regarded as the electric field between parallel-plate, i.e. V
m=E
m0d.
Electrooptical effect makes the changing value of fibre cladding refractive index be:
γ is effective electrooptical coefficient.
From (4) formula, fibre cladding variations in refractive index value Δ n size is by the impact of two electric field between electrodes intensity.When extra electric field changes, fibre cladding variations in refractive index value Δ n changes, fibre cladding refractive index n
2also change thereupon, and then optical fiber end emergent light power P is changed.Therefore the all-fiber coupler part after polarization, its optical fiber Output optical power P can be modulated with the change of additional modulation voltage, is the principle of work of optical electro-optic intensity modulator.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are the simulation result of this physical process.Adopt BPM(beam propagation method) carry out simulation calculation, get lambda1-wavelength 1.31 μm, fiber cores refractive index 1.46, fibre cladding refractive index 1.45, optical fiber core diameter 9 μm.As can be seen from Figure 5, incident light is incident from the first optical fiber, when entering taper coupled zone, along with fiber cores is tapered, the mode field diameter of light field expands gradually, and luminous power is diffused in covering gradually to be transmitted, when transferring to the conical section of the second optical fiber, again be converted to core mode, part guided wave is constrained in the fibre core of the second optical fiber again again, and the luminous power of two cores achieves mean allocation simultaneously.Emergent light power now in the first optical fiber is 50% of incident light rate.If getting modulator electrode length is 4mm, when modulation voltage makes clad section variations in refractive index 0.001 between electrode, due to dependence strong between Output optical power and refractive index, most of Coupling power is made to enter in the second optical fiber, cause the emergent power of the first optical fiber to decline, namely achieve the modulation of impressed voltage to luminous power in the first optical fiber.
The present invention has following feature:
1. The present invention gives a kind of method for making of novel optical electro-optic intensity modulator, this kind of method is utilized only to need the minimum region of polarization just can realize the modulation to light intensity, because this reducing the length of device, decrease electric capacity and inductance aspect to the impact of modulating system simultaneously, add the speed of electrooptical modulation.
2. traditional fiber electro-optical modulation device needs to form interferometer structure to complete function with other optical fibre devices in the application, and due to the sensitivity of interferometer structure, the disturbance of the local of whole interferometer light path all can show as the instability exporting light.And the dependence that present invention utilizes between coupling efficiency and refractive index, directly realize the modulation of voltage to light intensity, its performance is more stable.
3. method for making is simple, with low cost, is beneficial to popularization.
Being of optical electro-optic intensity modulator of the present invention is polarized to coupling fiber district covering, make use of the relation of coupling efficiency and refractive index, the change of modulation voltage is directly changed into the change of output intensity, it is advantageous that polairzed area shortens to centimetres, volume is little, modulating speed is fast, and be convenient to integrated, these advantages make it have a good application prospect and scientific research value in the research and development of electrooptical modulation field and Novel electro-optic modulator.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of optical electro-optic intensity modulator part.
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of optical electro-optic intensity modulator part.
Fig. 3 is that cone schematic diagram is drawn in modulator coupled zone.
Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (b) is fused-tapered fiber coupler model schematic.
Fig. 5 (a) is coupled zone Coupling power emulation schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 (b) is the simulation result of optical power fluctuation in the fibre core of coupled zone.
Fig. 6 (a) is Coupling power emulation schematic diagram after the electrical modulation of coupled zone.
Fig. 6 (b) is the simulation result of optical power fluctuation in fibre core after the electrical modulation of coupled zone.
Fig. 7 is the Coupling power plot structure schematic diagram of optical electro-optic intensity modulator part.
Embodiment
Illustrate below and the present invention is described in more detail
Embodiment one:
1. get the optical fiber that two sections are removed the equal diameters of coat, parallel being close to after clean with alcohol washes, be positioned over moveable V-type groove 5, utilize oxyhydrogen flame 6 heat two optical fiber and carry out axial tension, form covering fusion, the parallel close Coupling power district 3 of fibre core.
2. get two electrodes 4, utilize polyimide latex to be pasted onto the both sides of coupled zone 3.
3. electrode 4 fixes rear extraction electrode lead-in wire 10, and recycling polyimide latex repeatedly sprays or is coated in coupled zone 3, is heating and curing.
4. device is placed on 250 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C, electrode 4 voltages are under the condition of 2500v, continue about 15 minutes, then remove temperature, while maintenance voltage, make device be cooled to room temperature, make it to produce electrooptical effect.
5. protective quartz pipe 9 on the outer cover in Coupling power district 3, contact conductor 10 is drawn from protective quartz pipe 9 side, and the part of being stretched out by the second optical fiber 2 outside protective quartz pipe 9 is removed, and sealed at protective quartz pipe 9 two ends with epoxy resin.
Embodiment two: utilize thermal poling method to make all-fiber electro-optic intensity modulator.
Step is as follows:
1. getting two segment length is 400mm standard single-mode fiber, utilizes the coat of optical fiber wire-stripping pliers peeling optical fibre to be about 30mm, is cleaned up by fibre cladding, cut by fiber end face smooth with optical fiber cutter, again clean fibre cladding with alcohol and ether mixed liquor.
2. be close to parallel for two standard single-mode fibers, be fixed in moveable V-type groove, oxyhydrogen flame is utilized to heat two optical fiber being in horizontality and impose axial tension, make two fibre cladding corresponding circle of sensation gradually by drawing-down, when tensile elongation is about 2cm, stop stretching, now form the coupled zone of fiber optic modulator.
3. get the metal tungsten wire electrode (diameter about 35 μm) that two 10cm are long, utilize polyimide latex to be pasted onto the both sides of coupled zone, attachment of electrodes length is less than coupled zone length, and electrode grows part as contact conductor.Recycling polyimide latex repeatedly sprays or is coated in coupled zone to solidify electrode.
4. treat that polarized optical fibre is placed in high temperature furnace what make microelectrode, contact conductor is connected with high-voltage power supply, adds the DC voltage of 2500v.High temperature furnace slowly heats up, and keeping constant temperature and pressure slow cooling after 15 minutes, in order to prevent internal electric field from degenerating, after temperature is down to room temperature, removing external electric field after rising to 250 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C.So far the thermal poling in coupling fiber district is completed.
5. the coupling fiber district after polarization is placed in and encapsulates in quartz ampoule and utilize epoxy resin to fix, contact conductor is drawn from quartz ampoule side, remove wherein optical fiber and stretch out the part outside quartz ampoule, recycling epoxy sealing quartz ampoule two ends, namely all-fiber electro-optic intensity modulator completes.
Claims (3)
1. an optical electro-optic intensity modulator, comprise the first optical fiber (1), second optical fiber (2), it is characterized in that: the first optical fiber (1) and the second optical fiber (2) are through heating, axial tension, covering merges and forms the parallel close Coupling power district (3) of fibre core, in the symmetria bilateralis of Coupling power district (3), pair of electrodes (4) is set, connecting electrode lead-in wire (10) on electrode, at the upper high voltage of two electrodes (4), polarization process is carried out to Coupling power district (3), the fibre cladding (8) in Coupling power district (3) between two fibre cores (7) is made to have electrooptical modulation characteristic, the diameter of described electrode (4) is less than the diameter of the first optical fiber (1) and the second optical fiber (2), the length of described electrode (4) is no more than Coupling power district (3) length, the parallel placement of two electrodes (4) and two electrode (4) lines of centres are vertical with two fiber cores (7) lines and intersect at line mid point.
2. optical electro-optic intensity modulator according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: Coupling power district (3) are set with protective quartz pipe (9) outward; contact conductor (10) is drawn from protective quartz pipe (9) side; first optical fiber (1) stretches out protective quartz pipe (9) outward; second optical fiber (2) does not stretch out protective quartz pipe (9) outward, and there is epoxy sealing at protective quartz pipe (9) two ends.
3. a preparation method for optical electro-optic intensity modulator, is characterized in that:
(1) parallel with the second optical fiber (2) for the first optical fiber (1) being close to is positioned in moveable V-type groove (5), utilize oxyhydrogen flame (6) heat two optical fiber and carry out axial tension, form covering fusion, the parallel close Coupling power district (3) of fibre core;
(2) two diameters are less than the diameter of the first optical fiber (1) and the second optical fiber (2), both sides that electrode (4) symmetry that length is no more than Coupling power district (3) length is fixed on Coupling power district (3), the parallel placement of two electrodes (4), two electrode (4) lines of centres are vertical with two fiber cores (7) lines and intersect at line mid point;
(3) at the upper high voltage of two electrodes (4), polarization process is carried out to Coupling power district (3), makes the fibre cladding (8) in Coupling power district (3) between two fibre cores (7) have electrooptical modulation characteristic; Described to Coupling power district (3) carry out polarizing method of process be: between 250 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C, two electrodes (4), voltage is under the condition of 2500v, continue 15 minutes, then remove temperature, while maintenance voltage, be cooled to room temperature;
(4) outside Coupling power district (3), protective quartz pipe (9) is put; contact conductor (10) is drawn from protective quartz pipe (9) side; second optical fiber (2) is stretched out protective quartz pipe (9) part outward to remove, and with epoxy resin, protective quartz pipe (9) two ends are sealed.
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| CN104880768B (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2017-12-01 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of tunable optical power distributor |
| CN106908087B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2020-07-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for reducing influence of temperature change on optical fiber sensor measurement signal |
| CN107144918B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-08-09 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Waveguide array based on sine space modulation |
| CN107179617B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2024-04-02 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | High-speed electro-optic modulator and preparation method thereof |
| CN113481095A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-08 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Precise active optical control method and device based on double-core optical fiber living body single cell rotation |
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| CN1540377A (en) * | 2003-04-21 | 2004-10-27 | ` 祁 | Method and device for fabricating optical fiber coupler |
| CN101369084A (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2009-02-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Interference type integral photo-signal modulator and preparation thereof |
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| Title |
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| 极化光纤电光强度调制器件理论与实验研究;薄夫森;《哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文》;20120515;第24页第一段-第37页最后一段 * |
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