CN108169919B - Microstructure mode locking device using conical optical fiber evanescent field and production process thereof - Google Patents
Microstructure mode locking device using conical optical fiber evanescent field and production process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108169919B CN108169919B CN201810048016.8A CN201810048016A CN108169919B CN 108169919 B CN108169919 B CN 108169919B CN 201810048016 A CN201810048016 A CN 201810048016A CN 108169919 B CN108169919 B CN 108169919B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microstructure mode locking device capable of saturably absorbing nano materials by utilizing the evanescent field effect of a tapered optical fiber and a production process thereof, belonging to the field of laser technology and nonlinear optics. The micro-structure area mainly comprises a common single-mode optical fiber, a capillary glass tube, a saturable absorption nano material, refractive index matching liquid, ultraviolet glue and the like. The invention wraps the conical optical fiber, the refractive index matching fluid and the gel fluid which is prepared by uniformly mixing the saturable absorption nano material in the capillary glass sleeve, and the two ends of the capillary glass sleeve are sealed by using ultraviolet glue, thereby finally forming the microstructure mode locking device. The principle of the invention is to finish the shaping of the passing light beam by utilizing the nonlinear absorption effect between an evanescent field generated at the waist part of the tapered optical fiber and the saturable absorption nano material. The whole structure of the invention realizes full optical fiber, has the advantages of simple structure, good environmental stability, difficult external pollution and the like, and is easy to realize industrialized application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of micro-structural optical fibers, and particularly relates to a micro-structural optical fiber device with laser pulse shaping or sensing functions.
Background
In the development of modern laser technology and optical fiber sensing industry, the research on all-fiber devices is more and more highly regarded by researchers and photoelectric industry people. The microstructure mode locking device combining the fused biconical taper fiber and the saturable absorption material is one of important modes for realizing full optical fiber mode locking. The light beam shaping is realized through the nonlinear absorption effect between an evanescent field generated on the surface of the conical optical fiber and a saturable absorption material, and compared with the traditional sandwich structure and a reflection structure, the light beam shaping device has the characteristics of small insertion loss, high damage threshold value, full optical fiber realization and the like.
The basic method for realizing the fused biconical taper technology is that a common single-mode optical fiber with a coating layer stripped off is fixed on a biconical taper machine, heated to a molten state under high-temperature oxyhydrogen flame, simultaneously stretched towards two sides through a stepper, and finally a special waveguide device with a conical structure is formed in a heating zone.
The saturable absorber utilizes the response recovery time of the saturable absorber as a time gate to perform temporal shaping on the laser pulse, and completely absorbs the part with lower energy in the pulse; when the energy in the pulse reaches the absorption threshold of the saturable absorber, the saturable absorber is bleached to become transparent, so that the subsequent part of light can pass through without loss in the bleaching recovery time; when the saturable absorber reaches the response recovery time and the absorption characteristics are restored, a new saturable absorption process starts again.
Due to the complexity of the operation of micro-nano devices, the combination mode of the fused biconical tapered fiber and the saturable absorption material has been a hot point of research. In the conventional coupling system: 1) the saturable absorption material is adsorbed to the surface of the conical fiber cone waist region by utilizing the optical tweezers effect to interact with the evanescent field, but the sizes of the cone waist and the saturable absorption material are both in the micron or nanometer level, so that the saturable absorption material is poor in control and repeated manufacturing in the deposition process; 2) the surface of the tapered optical fiber is directly covered with a layer of saturable absorption material film with a substrate and different layers, but the effective contact area of the saturable absorption material and the taper waist of the tapered optical fiber is small, and the corresponding effect is difficult to play; 3) the saturable absorption material film with the substrate is wrapped on the tapered optical fiber, and the corresponding solution is used for dissolving the substrate material, however, the size of the taper waist of the tapered optical fiber is limited, the method has to be operated under a microscope, and the process is complicated and is not convenient for industrialization. Therefore, other methods are needed to make a more rational structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. The microstructure mode locking device and the production process which realize effective combination of the tapered optical fiber and the saturable absorption material and are convenient for industrial development by using the evanescent field of the tapered optical fiber are provided. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a microstructured mode-locking device using evanescent fields from a tapered optical fiber, comprising: the optical fiber comprises a common single-mode optical fiber core, a common single-mode optical fiber cladding, a capillary glass tube, gel liquid, ultraviolet glue, a tapered optical fiber left half transition region, a tapered optical fiber conical waist region and a tapered optical fiber right half transition region, wherein the gel liquid is formed by uniformly mixing refractive index matching liquid and a saturable absorption nano material; the common single-mode fiber is a waveguide medium consisting of a fiber core and a cladding, the cladding of the common single-mode fiber is adjacent to a capillary glass tube, and the capillary glass tube is sleeved on a left half transition region, a conical waist region and a right half transition region of the conical fiber;
the conical waist area of the conical optical fiber is wrapped in gel liquid which is formed by uniformly mixing refractive index matching liquid and saturable absorption nano materials; two ends of the capillary glass tube are sealed by ultraviolet glue; the optical fiber penetrates through the capillary glass tube and tail fibers with certain lengths are formed at two ends of the capillary glass tube and are used as input and output ports coupled with other devices or systems.
Further, the diameter of the conical waist area of the tapered optical fiber is between 1 μm and 10 μm.
Further, the length of the taper waist of the tapered optical fiber is between 0.5cm and 3 cm.
Furthermore, the lengths of the transition region on the left half side of the tapered optical fiber and the transition region on the right half side of the tapered optical fiber are both 1cm-5 cm.
Furthermore, the inner diameter of the capillary glass tube is 0.5mm-10mm, and the length of the capillary glass tube is 80mm-160 mm.
Further, the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid is between 1 and 1.5.
Further, the saturable absorption nanomaterial comprises graphene, single/double-wall carbon nanotubes, transition metal sulfides, gold/silver nanotubes, topological insulators and black phosphorus.
Further, the saturable absorber material has a size in the micrometer or nanometer scale.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the refractive index matching fluid to the saturable absorption material is between 1 and 50.
A microstructure mode locking device production process utilizing a conical optical fiber evanescent field comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a common single mode optical fiber with the length of about 1m, wherein the diameter of a fiber core is 126 mu m, the diameter of a cladding is 9 mu m, and the corresponding refractive indexes are 1.4513 and 1.4468 respectively; stripping off a coating layer 3-4cm from the middle section of the single-mode optical fiber, placing the single-mode optical fiber in an optical fiber tapering machine, fixing, respectively connecting the two ends of the optical fiber with an external light source and an optical power meter, heating by oxyhydrogen flame, controlling the stepping machine to taper, and stopping tapering after the required tapering length and output loss are obtained;
sleeving a tapered region on a capillary glass tube with the inner diameter of 0.9mm, the outer diameter of 1.2mm and the length of 100mm, uniformly mixing a refractive index matching liquid with the refractive index of 1.30 and nano-sized graphene powder according to the mass ratio of 20:1, filling the tapered fiber taper waist region through an injection head, and sealing two ends of the tapered fiber taper waist region by ultraviolet glue;
after tapering, the total length of the tapered region is 80mm, the length of the unilateral transition region is 30mm, the diameter of the taper waist is 1 μm, the length is 20mm, the insertion loss is less than 0.3dB, and the insertion loss reaches 2dB after the mixed liquid is added.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention is composed of a conical optical fiber, refractive index matching liquid, a saturable absorption material, a capillary glass tube, ultraviolet glue and the like. Light input at one end can be transmitted in the cone waist region and the transition region. The two ends of the microstructure optical fiber are provided with optical fiber pigtails, and power monitoring can be carried out by externally connecting an optical power meter at the other end in the processes of optical fiber tapering, mixed liquid filling and solidification, so that the aim of finely controlling the performance of the microstructure device is fulfilled. Meanwhile, the strength of an evanescent field in a cone waist area and the action of the evanescent field can be realized by controlling the mass ratio of the low-refractive-index matching liquid to the saturable absorption material, so that the control of the light modulation degree is influenced, and the outer capillary glass sleeve and the sealing ultraviolet glue at two ends are mainly used for packaging the tapered optical fiber and the mixed liquid.
Compared with a commercialized semiconductor saturable absorption mirror mode locking device, the semiconductor saturable absorption mirror mode locking device has the advantages of low cost and simple manufacturing process; compared with the common sandwich structure mode locking device in the current scientific research, the device has higher damage threshold and smaller insertion loss; compared with the existing manufacturing method (deposition method and covering method) of the microstructure mode locking device, the device greatly improves the controllability, realizes full optical fiber and provides possibility for the industrialized development of high integration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a microstructured optical fiber device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the energy distribution simulation of a tapered optical fiber without the addition of a gel solution in which an index matching fluid is uniformly mixed with saturable absorbing nanomaterials according to the parameters of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the energy distribution of a tapered optical fiber when a gel solution in which an index matching fluid and a saturable absorbing nanomaterial are uniformly mixed is added, according to the parameters of the embodiment.
The labels in the figure are: the optical fiber comprises 1-a common single-mode optical fiber core, 2-a common single-mode optical fiber cladding, 3-a capillary glass tube, 4-refractive index matching fluid-saturable absorption material mixed liquid, 5-ultraviolet glue, 6-a tapered optical fiber left half transition region, 7-a tapered optical fiber conical waist region and 8-a tapered optical fiber right half transition region.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a microstructure mode-locking device using a cone-shaped optical fiber evanescent field effect and a saturable absorption nano material adopts a structure as shown in figure 1, and mainly comprises a microstructure area consisting of a common single-mode optical fiber, a capillary glass tube, a refractive index matching liquid-saturable absorption material mixed liquid and ultraviolet glue.
The invention aims to solve the problems existing in the combination of the tapered optical fiber and the saturable absorption material, and provides a microstructure device which is composed of a common single-mode optical fiber, a capillary glass tube, a saturable absorption nano material, refractive index matching fluid, ultraviolet glue and the like. The central part of the tapered optical fiber along the axial direction is tapered to form a taper waist and two symmetrical transition regions; the optical fiber beam waist area is wrapped in the mixed liquid of the refractive index matching liquid and the saturable absorption nanometer material; two ends of the capillary glass tube are sealed by ultraviolet glue; the optical fiber penetrates through the capillary glass tube and tail fibers with certain lengths are formed at two ends of the capillary glass tube and are used as input and output ports coupled with other devices or systems.
The specific operation process is as follows: firstly, two transition areas and a beam waist area of a tapered optical fiber are sleeved on a capillary glass tube, then a mixed liquid of refractive index matching liquid and a saturable absorption material is filled in the beam waist part of the tapered optical fiber, and finally the ports of the two capillary glass tubes are sealed through ultraviolet glue. The invention has the advantages that the whole process does not need complicated operation, and the effective combination of the tapered optical fiber and the saturable absorption material is realized, thereby facilitating the industrialized development.
The diameter of the conical waist of the tapered optical fiber is between 1 and 10 mu m.
The length of the conical waist of the tapered optical fiber is between 0.5 and 3 cm.
The length of the tapered optical fiber transition region is between 1cm and 5 cm.
The inner diameter of the capillary glass tube is 0.5-10 mm.
The capillary glass tube length is between 80mm and 160 mm.
The refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid is between 1 and 1.5.
The saturable absorption nano material comprises graphene, single/double-wall carbon nano tubes, transition metal sulfides, gold/silver nano tubes, topological insulators, black phosphorus and the like.
The saturable absorber materials are all on the micrometer or nanometer scale.
The mass ratio of the refractive index matching fluid to the saturable absorption material is between 1 and 50.
Firstly, preparing a common single-mode optical fiber with the length of 1-1 m, wherein the diameter of a fiber core is 126 mu m, the diameter of a cladding is 9 mu m, and the corresponding refractive indexes are 1.4513 and 1.4468 respectively; and stripping a middle section coating layer of the single-mode optical fiber by 3-4cm, placing the single-mode optical fiber in an optical fiber tapering machine, fixing, connecting two ends of the optical fiber with an external light source and an optical power meter respectively, heating by oxyhydrogen flame, controlling the stepping machine to taper, and stopping tapering after the required tapering length and output loss are obtained.
And then sleeving a tapered region on a capillary glass tube with the inner diameter of 0.9mm, the outer diameter of 1.2mm and the length of 100mm, uniformly mixing a refractive index matching liquid with the refractive index of 1.30 and nano-sized graphene powder according to the mass ratio of 20:1, finally filling the tapered fiber taper waist region through an injection head, and sealing two ends by using ultraviolet glue.
After tapering, the total length of the tapered region is 80mm, the length of the unilateral transition region is 30mm, the diameter of the taper waist is 1 μm, the length is 20mm, the insertion loss is less than 0.3dB, and the insertion loss reaches 2dB after the mixed liquid is added.
The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A microstructure mode-locking device using a tapered fiber evanescent field, comprising: the optical fiber comprises a common single-mode optical fiber core (1), a common single-mode optical fiber cladding (2), a capillary glass tube (3), gel liquid (4) which is formed by uniformly mixing refractive index matching liquid and saturable absorption nano materials, ultraviolet glue (5), a tapered optical fiber left half transition region (6), a tapered optical fiber conical waist region (7) and a tapered optical fiber right half transition region (8); the common single-mode fiber cladding (2) is adjacent to the capillary glass tube (3), and the capillary glass tube (3) is sleeved on a left half transition region (6) of the tapered fiber, a tapered fiber conical waist region (7) and a right half transition region (8) of the tapered fiber; the capillary glass tube (3) is used for packaging and fixing the conical region, and the common single-mode fiber core (1) and the common single-mode fiber cladding (2) form a waveguide medium for light transmission and are used for outputting light; the gel liquid (4) which is formed by uniformly mixing the refractive index matching liquid and the saturable absorption nano material is used for acting with an evanescent field formed by a conical waist area (7) of the tapered optical fiber to shape a passing light beam; the ultraviolet glue (5) is used for sealing two ends of the capillary glass tube and preventing the nano material from being oxidized by the external environment; the left half transition region (6) of the tapered optical fiber, the taper waist region (7) of the tapered optical fiber and the right half transition region (8) of the tapered optical fiber are used for forming a stable evanescent field on the premise that light passes through with low loss;
the conical waist area (7) of the conical optical fiber is wrapped in gel liquid which is formed by uniformly mixing refractive index matching liquid and saturable absorption nano materials; two ends of the capillary glass tube are sealed by ultraviolet glue; the optical fiber penetrates through the capillary glass tube and tail fibers with certain lengths are formed at two ends of the capillary glass tube and are used as input/output ports coupled with other devices or systems.
2. A microstructured mode-locking device using evanescent fields of a tapered fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the tapered fiber waist region (7) has a diameter comprised between 1 μm and 10 μm.
3. A microstructured mode-locking device employing an evanescent field of a tapered fiber as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the length of the waist region (7) of the tapered fiber is between 0.5cm and 3 cm.
4. The microstructured mode-locking device using evanescent field of a tapered optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lengths of the left transition region (6) and the right transition region (8) of the tapered optical fiber are both 1cm to 5 cm.
5. A microstructured mode-locking device using evanescent field of a tapered fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that said capillary glass tube (3) has an inner diameter of between 0.5mm and 10mm and said capillary glass tube (3) has a length of between 80mm and 160 mm.
6. A microstructured mode-locking device employing a tapered fiber evanescent field according to claim 1, wherein said index matching fluid has an index of refraction between 1 and 1.5.
7. The microstructured mode-locking device using tapered fiber evanescent fields according to claim 1, wherein the saturable absorbing nanomaterial comprises graphene, single/double-walled carbon nanotubes, transition metal sulfides, gold/silver nanotubes, topological insulators, or black phosphorus.
8. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the saturable absorption nanomaterial is in the order of micrometer or nanometer.
9. The microstructure mode-locking device using the evanescent field of the tapered optical fiber as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the mass ratio of the refractive index matching fluid to the gel fluid (4) for uniformly mixing the saturable absorption nanomaterial is between 1 and 50.
10. A microstructure mode locking device production process utilizing a conical optical fiber evanescent field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preparing a common single mode optical fiber with the length of about 1m, wherein the diameter of a fiber core is 126 mu m, the diameter of a cladding is 9 mu m, and the corresponding refractive indexes are 1.4513 and 1.4468 respectively; stripping off a coating layer 3-4cm from the middle section of the single-mode optical fiber, placing the single-mode optical fiber in an optical fiber tapering machine, fixing, respectively connecting the two ends of the optical fiber with an external light source and an optical power meter, heating by oxyhydrogen flame, controlling the stepping machine to taper, and stopping tapering after the required tapering length and output loss are obtained;
sleeving a tapered region on a capillary glass tube with the inner diameter of 0.9mm, the outer diameter of 1.2mm and the length of 100mm, uniformly mixing a refractive index matching liquid with the refractive index of 1.30 and nano-sized graphene powder according to the mass ratio of 20:1, filling the tapered fiber taper waist region through an injection head, and sealing two ends of the tapered fiber taper waist region by ultraviolet glue;
after tapering, the total length of the tapered region is 80mm, the length of the unilateral transition region is 30mm, the diameter of the taper waist is 1 μm, the length is 20mm, the insertion loss is less than 0.3dB, and the insertion loss reaches about 2dB after the mixed liquid is added.
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| CN109842013A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-06-04 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of saturable absorption device, preparation method and fiber pulse laser |
| CN110994340A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-04-10 | 重庆邮电大学 | 2-micron double-cone filtering tunable mode-locked fiber laser |
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