CN103217814A - Optical electro-optic intensity modulator and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Optical electro-optic intensity modulator and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical electro-optic intensity modulator and a preparation method thereof. The optical electro-optic intensity modulator comprises first optical fibers (1) and second optical fibers (2). A luminous power coupled zone (3) is formed by heating, axially stretching, cladding and mixing the first optical fibers (1) and the second optical fibers (2). A pair of electrodes (4) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the luminous power coupled zone (3). Electrode leads (10) are connected on the electrodes. High voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes (4). Polarization treatment is conducted on the luminous power coupled zone (3), so that optical fiber cladding (8) between two fiber cores (7) in the luminous power coupled zone (3) has an electro-optic modulation property. According to the optical electro-optic intensity modulator, the relationship between coupling efficiency and refractive indexes is utilized, changes in modulation voltage is directly converted into changes in the intensity of output light, and the optical electro-optic intensity modulator has the advantages that a polarized area is shortened to the magnitude of centimeters, the size is small, the modulation speed is high, and integration is realized conveniently.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical fiber electric light intensity modulator.
Background technology
Electro-optical modulation device is a kind of modulation device that is widely used at present in the fields such as high speed optical communication, LiNbO commonly used
3Though phase-modulator has the advantage of big bandwidth, two-forty, the coupling of same existence and optical fiber is difficulty, low, the coupling cost height of coupling efficiency very, shortcomings such as manufacturing price costliness.Along with people to improving constantly that communication performance requires, the demand that full optical fibre device replaces the conventional modulated device also becomes urgent more originally.And optical fiber have low-loss, bandwidth, two-forty, noiseless, volume is little, advantage such as in light weight, therefore fiber optic applications is become the development trend in optical fiber technology field in the electro-optical modulation device.The development of optical fiber Polarization technique makes can produce second nonlinear in fused quartz optical fiber, though the electric susceptibility order of magnitude that produces is very little, this provides possibility for the full optical fiber electrooptic modulator that obtains novel practical.
The people such as P.G.Kazansky of Britain University of Southampton have designed " D " type optical fiber structure (Journal of Lightwave Technology of single-mode fiber grinding and polishing since 1994, Glass fiber poling and applications, 1997,15 (8), 1484～1491), the method for getting profit with electron beam irradiation has obtained the electrooptical effect of thermoaeization in the vacuum.And thermoaeization single-mode fiber is used to make single-mode fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer as electro-optic phase modulator, demonstrated the single-mode fiber electric light intensity modulator of the light of 0.83 mum wavelength in the 150KHz modulating frequency, because this intensity modulator is made with general single mode fiber, polarization state of light changes greatly in the light transmission, need in the experiment to control polarization state in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer system with Polarization Controller, and the polarized optical fibre electrode of Kazansky is pressed on the optical fiber, do not carry out the practicability encapsulation of electrode, therefore have difficulties in polarization state control and electrode package, this structure can't be applied to the polarization than long optical fibers, and can't be used at a high speed long electrooptical modulation.
The fine electro-optic phase modulator of full polarization that the Chen Zhe of Ji'nan University in 2000 utilizes thermoaeization 1.3 μ m optical wavelength panda protecting polarized light fibers to make and has micro-strip electrode (is coated with the thermal poled fiber device of micro-strip electrode, number of patent application: 00113687.9), this phase-modulator has solved the control of polarization state and the problem of electrode package, but this modulator is the variation that causes a phase by change of refractive, utilize interferometer structure to change into intensity variations again, and the variations in refractive index that polarized optical fibre causes is very little, in order to realize the modulation effect device length that can only extend, this has just brought electric capacity and inductance aspect to modulator influence has influenced modulating speed simultaneously.
Full fibre optic phase modulator (preparation method of dual hole polarized optical fibre phase regulator and product that people such as 2007 Wu Gang of Tsing-Hua University utilize polarized optical fibre to make, number of patent application: 200610113382.4), successful Application is in fibre optic gyroscope, simultaneously phase-modulator is changed into the fiber strength modulator, made optical switch.But the electrooptical coefficient that polarization produces is very little, realizes need the extend length of device of phase modulation (PM), and the influence that can bring electric capacity and inductance influences modulating speed simultaneously; Want to realize that the modulation of intensity also needs interferometer structure, bring inconvenience to system.
Characteristic from polarized optical fibre itself, because the electrooptical coefficient that the polarized light fibre core produces is very little, therefore need long fiber lengths (wanting more than the 10cm usually) could obtain desirable modulation effect, and common polarized optical fibre device all belongs to the phase modulation-type device, need be built into interferometer structure and could realize intensity modulation function, for no matter this class device is to make or practical application all brings inconvenience.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of polairzed area to centimetre magnitude, volume is little, and modulating speed is fast, is convenient to integrated optical fiber electric light intensity modulator.The present invention also aims to provide a kind of optical fiber electric light intensity modulator to get method for making.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Optical fiber electric light intensity modulator of the present invention comprises first optical fiber 1, second optical fiber 2, first optical fiber 1 merges through heating, axial tension, covering with second optical fiber 2 and forms the parallel close luminous power coupled zone 3 of fibre core, symmetria bilateralis in luminous power coupled zone 3 is provided with pair of electrodes 4, connection electrode lead-in wire 10 on the electrode, on two electrodes 4, add high voltage, to luminous power coupled zone 3 processing that polarizes, make in the luminous power coupled zone 3 that the fibre cladding 8 between two fibre cores 7 has the electrooptical modulation characteristic.
Optical fiber electric light intensity modulator of the present invention can also comprise:
1, luminous power coupled zone 3 outer suit protective quartz pipes 9; contact conductor 10 is drawn from protective quartz pipe 9 one sides; first optical fiber 1 stretches out outside the protective quartz pipe 9, and second optical fiber 2 does not stretch out outside the protective quartz pipe 9, and there is epoxy sealing at protective quartz pipe 9 two ends.
2, the diameter of described electrode 4 is less than the diameter of first optical fiber 1 and second optical fiber 2, described electrode 4 length be no more than luminous power coupled zone 3 length, two electrode 4 parallel placements and two electrode 4 lines of centres are vertical with two fiber cores 7 lines and intersect at the line mid point.
The preparation method of optical fiber electric light intensity modulator of the present invention is:
(1) be close to parallel with second optical fiber 2 of first optical fiber 1 is positioned over movably in the V-type groove 5, utilizes 6 pairs of two optical fiber heating of oxyhydrogen flame and carry out axial tension, form that covering merges, the parallel close luminous power coupled zone 3 of fibre core;
(2) electrode 4 symmetries that two diameters are no more than luminous power coupled zone 3 length less than diameter, the length of first optical fiber 1 and second optical fiber 2 are fixed on the both sides of luminous power coupled zone 3, and two electrode 4 parallel placements, two electrode 4 lines of centres are vertical with two fiber cores 7 lines and intersect at the line mid point;
(3) on two electrodes 4, add high voltage,, make in the luminous power coupled zone 3 that the fibre cladding 8 between two fibre cores 7 has the electrooptical modulation characteristic luminous power coupled zone 3 processing that polarizes;
(4) put protective quartz pipe 9 outside luminous power coupled zone 3, contact conductor 10 is drawn from protective quartz pipe 9 one sides, and second optical fiber 2 is stretched out protective quartz pipe 9 outer parts remove, and with epoxy resin that protective quartz pipe 9 is sealed at both ends.
Describedly to luminous power coupled zone 3 method of handling that polarizes be: at 250 ℃～300 ℃, 4 voltages of electrode is under the condition of 2500v, continues 15 minutes, removes temperature then, is cooled to room temperature in sustaining voltage.
Principle of the present invention is:
Two parallel being close to of optical fiber are positioned over movably V-type groove, utilize oxyhydrogen flame to the heating of two optical fiber and carry out axial tension, make two fiber cores close, propagation field is outwards expanded, and effective power coupling occurs at quite short cone neck area.Pattern in power is coupled effective coverage (cone neck) is cladding mode basically, and propagation field breaks away from fibre core, is to propagate in covering and the formed new waveguide of foreign medium (air or other fillers that is fit to) at this moment.Comparatively speaking, the size of fiber cores is reduced to negligible degree because of drawing awl.To simplify the analysis, ignore the influence of fibre core.Even the centreless approximate processing also can obtain simple result for the coupling mechanism of arbitrary tangent.Typical melting cone type coupling approximate model is wherein a kind of to be that the cone neck area vertically is parallel linear, and laterally tangent plane is a rectangle, and as shown in Figure 4, wherein L is the neck length between bipyramid, n
2Be the refractive index of fibre cladding, the refractive index of filling media is 1, and a is a coupling mechanism neck smallest cross-sectional size.
Consider the interaction of two kinds of lowest-order parity mode in the rectangular waveguide among Fig. 4, the luminous power of an one output terminal will the cycle changes with wavelength, promptly
P=P
0sin
2(CL) （1）
P in the formula
0Be Output optical power; C is a coupling coefficient, and its value is calculated by following formula
(2) formula is brought into (1) formula of bringing into again after (3) formula to be calculated and can get optical fiber end Output optical power P and fibre cladding refractive index n
2If the funtcional relationship expression formula is fibre cladding refractive index n as can be known
2When changing, fiber-optic output luminous power P can change thereupon so.
Optical fiber is made with fused quartz, and fused quartz is the material of center inverting symmetry, thereby does not have second order nonlinear effect and linear electro-optic effect.But after thermoaeization or ultraviolet polarization, its inside will be changed, no longer be centrosymmetric medium, just produced second order nonlinear effect and linear electro-optic effect.If the both sides of polarized optical fiber are added with modulation voltage, because this moment, polarized optical fibre no longer was the material of center inverting symmetry, can produce cross electro-optical effect, this comprises Pockels electrooptical effect and Kerr electrooptical effect.
When extra electric field applies frequency is ω
mSinusoidal modulation signal V
m=V
M0Sin(ω
mT) time, the modulated electric fields that obtains on polarized optical fibre can be expressed as: E
m=E
M0Sin(ω
mT), because the polarized electrode distance is very little, and the refringence of fibre core and covering is less, therefore the electric field between two electrodes can be regarded as the electric field between parallel-plate, i.e. V
m=E
M0D.
Electrooptical effect makes fibre cladding change of refractive value be:
γ is effective electrooptical coefficient.
By (4) formula as can be known, fibre cladding variations in refractive index value Δ n size is subjected to the influence of electric field intensity between two electrodes.When extra electric field changed, fibre cladding variations in refractive index value Δ n changed, the fibre cladding refractive index n
2Also change thereupon, and then make optical fiber end emergent light power P change.Therefore the all-fiber coupler spare after polarizing, its optical fiber Output optical power P can obtain modulation with the variation that adds modulation voltage, is the principle of work of optical fiber electric light intensity modulator.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are the simulation result of this physical process.Adopt BPM(beam propagation method) carry out simulation calculation, be taken into and penetrate optical wavelength 1.31 μ m, fiber cores refractive index 1.46, fibre cladding refractive index 1.45, optical fiber core diameter 9 μ m.As can be seen from Figure 5, incident light is from first optical fiber input, when entering the taper coupled zone, along with fiber cores is tapered, the mode field diameter of light field enlarges gradually, and luminous power is diffused in the covering gradually to be transmitted, when transferring to the conical section of second optical fiber, be converted to core mode once more, the part guided wave is constrained in again in the fibre core of second optical fiber again, and the luminous power of two cores has realized mean allocation simultaneously.Emergent light power in first optical fiber is 50% of incident light rate at this moment.If get modulator electrode length is 4mm, when modulation voltage makes between the electrode clad section variations in refractive index 0.001, because strong dependence between Output optical power and the refractive index, make most of luminous power be coupled in second optical fiber, cause the emergent power of first optical fiber to descend, promptly realized the modulation of impressed voltage luminous power in first optical fiber.
The present invention has following characteristics:
1. the present invention has provided a kind of method for making of novel optical fiber electric light intensity modulator, utilize this kind method minimum zone of only need polarizing just can realize modulation to light intensity, therefore reduced the length of device, reduced the influence of electric capacity and inductance aspect simultaneously, increased the speed of electrooptical modulation modulating system.
2. the traditional fiber electro-optical modulation device needs to finish function with other optical fibre device composition interferometer structures in application, because the sensitivity of interferometer structure, the disturbance of the part of whole interferometer light path all can show as the instability of output light.And the present invention has utilized the dependence between coupling efficiency and the refractive index, directly realizes the modulation of voltage to light intensity, and its performance is more stable.
3. method for making is simple, and is with low cost, is beneficial to popularization.
Being of optical fiber electric light intensity modulator of the present invention polarized to optical fiber coupled zone covering, utilized the relation of coupling efficiency and refractive index, the variation of modulation voltage is directly changed into the variation of output intensity, it is advantageous that the polairzed area shortens to a centimetre magnitude, volume is little, modulating speed is fast, is convenient to integratedly, and these advantages make it in the electrooptical modulation field and the research and development of new type electro modulator have a good application prospect and scientific research is worth.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of optical fiber electric light intensity modulated device.
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of optical fiber electric light intensity modulated device.
Fig. 3 is that the awl synoptic diagram is drawn in the modulator coupled zone.
Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (b) is a fused-tapered fiber coupler model synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 (a) is a coupled zone luminous power coupling Simulation synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 (b) is the simulation result that luminous power is distributed in the fibre core of coupled zone.
Fig. 6 (a) is a luminous power coupling Simulation synoptic diagram after the electrical modulation of coupled zone.
Fig. 6 (b) is the simulation result that luminous power is distributed in the fibre core after the electrical modulation of coupled zone.
Fig. 7 is the luminous power coupled zone structural representation of optical fiber electric light intensity modulated device.
Embodiment
For example the present invention is done more detailed description below
Embodiment one:
1. get two sections optical fiber that remove the equal diameters of coat, with clean parallel being close to afterwards of alcohol wash, be positioned over movably V-type groove 5, utilize 6 pairs of two optical fiber heating of oxyhydrogen flame and carry out axial tension, form covering fusion, the parallel close luminous power coupled zone 3 of fibre core.
2. get two electrodes 4, utilize the polyimide latex to stick on the both sides of coupled zone 3.
3. electrode 4 is fixed back extraction electrode lead-in wire 10, utilizes the polyimide latex repeatedly to spray again or is coated in coupled zone 3, is heating and curing.
4. device is placed on 250 ℃～300 ℃, 4 voltages of electrode are under the condition of 2500v, continue about 15 minutes, remove temperature then, make device be cooled to room temperature in sustaining voltage, make it to produce electrooptical effect.
5. put protective quartz pipe 9 outside luminous power coupled zone 3, contact conductor 10 is drawn from protective quartz pipe 9 one sides, and second optical fiber 2 is stretched out protective quartz pipe 9 outer parts remove, and with epoxy resin that protective quartz pipe 9 is sealed at both ends.
Embodiment two: utilize thermoaeization method to make full optical fiber electric light intensity modulator.
Step is as follows:
1. getting two segment length is the 400mm standard single-mode fiber, utilizes the about 30mm of coat of optical fiber wire-stripping pliers peeling optical fibre, with alcohol and ether mixed liquor fibre cladding is cleaned up, and with the optical fiber cutter fiber end face is cut smoothly, once more fibre cladding is cleaned.
2. with two parallel being close to of standard single-mode fiber, be fixed on movably in the V-type groove, utilize oxyhydrogen flame that two optical fiber that are in horizontality are heated and impose axial tension, make two fibre cladding corresponding circle of sensation gradually by drawing-down, when tensile elongation is about 2cm, stop to stretch, form the coupled zone of fiber optic modulator this moment.
3. get the long metal tungsten wire electrode (the about 35 μ m of diameter) of two 10cm, utilize the polyimide latex to stick on the both sides of coupled zone, attachment of electrodes length is less than coupled zone length, and electrode grows part as contact conductor.Utilize the polyimide latex repeatedly to spray again or be coated in the coupled zone and solidify electrode.
4. the polarized optical fibre for the treatment of of making microelectrode is placed in the high temperature furnace, contact conductor is linked to each other with high-voltage power supply, add the DC voltage of 2500v.High temperature furnace slowly heats up, and keeps constant temperature and pressure slowly cooling after 15 minutes after rising to 250 ℃～300 ℃, degenerates in order to prevent internal electric field, removes external electric field after temperature is reduced to room temperature.So far finish thermoaeization of optical fiber coupled zone.
5. the optical fiber coupled zone after will polarizing places in the encapsulation quartz ampoule and utilizes epoxy resin to fix, contact conductor is drawn from quartz ampoule one side, the outer part of quartz ampoule is stretched out in a removal wherein optical fiber, utilizes epoxy sealing quartz ampoule two ends again, and promptly full optical fiber electric light intensity modulator completes.
Claims (5)
1. optical fiber electric light intensity modulator, comprise first optical fiber (1), second optical fiber (2), it is characterized in that: first optical fiber (1) and second optical fiber (2) are through heating, axial tension, covering merges and forms the parallel close luminous power coupled zone (3) of fibre core, symmetria bilateralis in luminous power coupled zone (3) is provided with pair of electrodes (4), connection electrode lead-in wire (10) on the electrode, on two electrodes (4), add high voltage, to luminous power coupled zone (3) processing that polarizes, make that the fibre cladding (8) between two fibre cores (7) has the electrooptical modulation characteristic in the luminous power coupled zone (3).
2. optical fiber electric light intensity modulator according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: luminous power coupled zone (3) outer suit protective quartz pipe (9); contact conductor (10) is drawn from protective quartz pipe (9) one sides; first optical fiber (1) stretches out outside the protective quartz pipe (9); second optical fiber (2) does not stretch out outside the protective quartz pipe (9), and there is epoxy sealing at protective quartz pipe (9) two ends.
3. optical fiber electric light intensity modulator according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described electrode (4) is less than the diameter of first optical fiber (1) and second optical fiber (2), described electrode (4) length be no more than luminous power coupled zone (3) length, the parallel placement of two electrodes (4) and two electrodes (4) line of centres are vertical with two fiber cores (7) line and intersect at the line mid point.
4. the preparation method of an optical fiber electric light intensity modulator is characterized in that:
(1) be close to parallel with second optical fiber (2) of first optical fiber (1) is positioned over movably in the V-type groove (5), utilize oxyhydrogen flame (6) that two optical fiber are heated and carry out axial tension, form covering fusion, the parallel close luminous power coupled zone (3) of fibre core;
(2) electrode (4) symmetry that two diameters are no more than luminous power coupled zone (3) length less than diameter, the length of first optical fiber (1) and second optical fiber (2) is fixed on the both sides of luminous power coupled zone (3), and the parallel placement of two electrodes (4), two electrodes (4) line of centres is vertical with two fiber cores (7) line and intersect at the line mid point;
(3) on two electrodes (4), add high voltage,, make that the fibre cladding (8) between two fibre cores (7) has the electrooptical modulation characteristic in the luminous power coupled zone (3) luminous power coupled zone (3) processing that polarizes;
(4) outside luminous power coupled zone (3), put protective quartz pipe (9); contact conductor (10) is drawn from protective quartz pipe (9) one sides; second optical fiber (2) is stretched out the outer part of protective quartz pipe (9) remove, and with epoxy resin that protective quartz pipe (9) is sealed at both ends.
5. the preparation method of optical fiber electric light intensity modulator according to claim 4, it is characterized in that describedly to luminous power coupled zone (3) method handled that polarizes being: at 250 ℃～300 ℃, 4 voltages of electrode is under the condition of 2500v, continue 15 minutes, remove temperature then, in sustaining voltage, be cooled to room temperature.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104482859A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-04-01 | 国家电网公司 | Hydro-generator stator iron core displacement on-line monitoring system |
| CN104880768A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-02 | 电子科技大学 | Tunable optical power divider |
| CN106908087A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of method for reducing temperature change to fiber sensor measuring effect of signals |
| CN107144918A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-08 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | The Waveguide array modulated based on sine space |
| CN107179617A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-09-19 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | High-speed electro-optic modulator and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104482859A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-04-01 | 国家电网公司 | Hydro-generator stator iron core displacement on-line monitoring system |
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| CN104880768A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-02 | 电子科技大学 | Tunable optical power divider |
| CN104880768B (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2017-12-01 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of tunable optical power distributor |
| CN106908087A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of method for reducing temperature change to fiber sensor measuring effect of signals |
| CN107144918A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-08 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | The Waveguide array modulated based on sine space |
| CN107144918B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-08-09 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Waveguide array based on sine space modulation |
| CN107179617A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-09-19 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | High-speed electro-optic modulator and preparation method thereof |
| CN107179617B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2024-04-02 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | High-speed electro-optic modulator and preparation method thereof |
| CN113481095A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-08 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Precise active optical control method and device based on double-core optical fiber living body single cell rotation |
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