CN103214871A - Completely biodegradable environment-friendly composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Completely biodegradable environment-friendly composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103214871A CN103214871A CN2013101678116A CN201310167811A CN103214871A CN 103214871 A CN103214871 A CN 103214871A CN 2013101678116 A CN2013101678116 A CN 2013101678116A CN 201310167811 A CN201310167811 A CN 201310167811A CN 103214871 A CN103214871 A CN 103214871A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a completely biodegradable environment-friendly composite material and a preparation method thereof. The environment-friendly composite material is prepared from raw materials including straws, seed shells, stems, leaves of crops and other plants, as well as an environment-friendly binder and a mixing medium through a hot pressing method. The straws, the seed shells, the stems and the leaves are main components of the composite material and account for 50-90% by weight. When the environment-friendly composite material is prepared, the plant raw materials are firstly dried to enable the water content in the raw materials to be lower than 5%, then short cutting, stirring type shearing, mixing with the mixing medium, mixing with the binder, hot pressing, post-treatment and other steps are sequentially performed for realizing the preparation, the production process has the advantages of simplicity, no emission of pollutants, operation in a closed system and no dust pollution, and each step has higher production efficiency. The prepared environment-friendly composite material can be used for manufacturing support parts of toys, furniture, containers, internal packing boxes and compound type food packing boxes, indoor decoration and decorative materials, advertisement materials in buildings, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of environment-friendly composite material and preparation method, particularly a kind of environment-friendly composite material and preparation method thereof with complete degradation property.
Background technology
Shortage of resources and environmental pollution are the by products in the socio-economic development process.Along with the continuous quickening of Economic development paces, shortage of resources and environmental pollution have become the stumbling-block of socio-economic development also in continuous aggravation.Shortage of resources has improved the cost of development; Environmental pollution has damaged air resource, water resources, soil resource, and and then has damaged human beings'health and normal social life.Shortage of resources and environmental pollution have become pendulum in countries in the world, especially the severe problem in face of the developing country.In the case, make full use of renewable resources, the friendly type of development environment, the technology of resource-conserving and the research focus that product becomes science and field of engineering technology.
Plant resources is a kind of important renewable resources, and the verse of " Not even a prairie fire can destroy the grass, it grows again when the spring breeze blows " is the distinct portrayal of plant resources recyclability.The stalk of plant supports plant-growth, and the leaf of plant extends in and carries out photosynthesis in the air, and the kind shell of plant wraps up and protecting the seed of plant.These parts of plant have just embodied mechanical property preferably in process of growth, thereby play the effect of supporting and protecting, and are indicating that also stalk, cauline leaf, the kind shell of plant has important application prospects in the material manufacturing.Although the kind of plant resources is various, quantity is huge, yet these plant resourceses are not high in current utilization ratio, and quite a few stalk, weeds, artificial vegetation's lop are burnt in the field, have both polluted air, have wasted resource again.If these plant resourceses are effectively utilized, then will play and alleviate the energy and shortage of resources, pollution abatement reduces greenhouse gas emission, improves the biological safety and the environmental safety of product, the effect of protection HUMAN HEALTH.
With straw, cauline leaf, kind shell is the more existing reports of feedstock production matrix material, but exist the plant resources utilization kind extensively, only do not utilize the part organ of plant, raw material processing treatment require high, preparation technology is loaded down with trivial details, food ingredient is complicated, plant material often as filler use, plant material proportion in matrix material is on the low side, compound and make problems such as degradation property is insufficient with the non-degradable macromolecular material.At the problems referred to above, the present invention has explored a kind of preparation method with novel environment-friendly composite material and succinct efficient pollution-free thereof of complete degradation property on the basis of systematic study.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of environment-friendly composite material prescription and preparation method thereof with complete degradation property.Described environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property has following characteristics: mainly be made of plant material, improved the utilization ratio of plant material on the one hand, also give prepared matrix material on the other hand with higher biological safety, and reduced the cost of material; The stalk of plant, cauline leaf, kind shell and even root all can be used as the raw material of environment-friendly composite material of the present invention, and the overall utilization rate of plant significantly improves; The kind of plant not only comprises farm crop, also comprises types such as weeds in field, weeds, aquatic weed, artificial culture vegetation, and the kind utilization ratio of plant covers more comprehensively; Employed caking agent is biopolymer or derivative type biopolymer during the preparation matrix material, has plant homology and degradability; Plant material and caking agent are realized mixing by environmentally friendly vehicle, realize under vectorial effect and hot pressing function that simultaneously caking agent is in the sprawling of plant material surface, wetting and bonding effect.
Preparation method with environment-friendly composite material of complete degradation property of the present invention has following characteristics: technological process is succinct, is easy to scale operations, the production efficiency height; Raw material is handled and batch mixing carries out in enclosed system, prevents dust pollution; The production temperature is lower, reduces the destruction of plant material under heat effect, prevents that material property from descending, and prevents the generation of pyrolysis product and the atmospheric pollution of production environment; Release method is reliably effective, and not only protecting materials avoids physical abuse, becomes the part of material on the contrary, the performance of reinforced composite.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property, it is characterized in that by the stalk of plant, to plant shell, stem, leaf any one or two or more mixture and caking agent, mixed media thing wherein be that raw material is made, wherein, the stalk of plant, to plant shell, stem, leaf any one or two or more mixture wherein be the main body composition of matrix material, and weight percent is 50%-90%.
Wherein said vegetation type is very extensive, comprises the careless class of farm crop such as paddy and wheat, corn, cotton, soybean, sesame, beet and various aquatic and Lu Sheng, wild and plantation;
Described caking agent main component is starch or acetic ester starch;
Described caking agent can be based on starch, and the mixture of Mierocrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose any one or two kinds is wherein used in collocation; Or based on acetic ester starch, the mixture of Mierocrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose any one or two kinds is wherein used in collocation; When the mixture that uses the collocation of starch or acetic ester starch to use Mierocrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose any one or two kinds wherein during as caking agent, starch or acetic ester starch are main body, starch or the weight percent of acetic ester starch in caking agent are 50% ~ 100%, and Mierocrystalline cellulose and modifier thereof are ancillary component.
Used mixed media is the aqueous solution of water or starch or the aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose;
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned method with environment-friendly composite material of complete degradation property for preparing, and comprises the following steps:
S1, plant material is carried out drying treatment, make water-content in the raw material, lack then and cut below 5%;
S2, the plant material that weak point is cut carry out the stirring-type shearing;
S3, with raw material and the mixed media thing uniform mixing sheared;
S4, with product and the caking agent uniform mixing of S3;
S5, the product of S4 is carried out the environment-friendly composite material that hot pressing must have complete degradation property.
In step S1, the weak point that the plant material weak point is cut to 1mm ~ 15cm is cut thing; In step S2, the time of shearing is 1min ~ 1h.
In step S3, the raw material of shearing is meant all materials after the shearing, also can be the screening after powder or sift out powder after remaining material use respectively; The consumption of mixed media thing is that per 100 gram plant materials use 10ml-50ml vehicle.
In step S5, hot pressing time is 7min ~ 2h, and hot pressing temperature is 110 ℃ ~ 200 ℃, and hot pressing pressure is 6MPa ~ 100MPa.The releasing agent that the demoulding is adopted is paper and vegetables oil.
Caking agent used in the present invention has three characteristics, first characteristics are that adhesives belongs to polymer substance, the process of chainpropagation was finished before Composite Preparation, and unlike using liquid resin, in the Composite Preparation process, finish, so just make the size that having of matrix material is higher, prevented the heat affecting of the existence of solidification process, improved the production efficiency of material material; Need not with an organic solvent, alleviated the pollution in the production process, help the healthy of operator that keep the scene intact; The degraded form of prepared matrix material is mainly hydrolysis, does not anhydrously then degrade substantially, solved goods use with degrade between contradiction; Not not with an organic solvent, residual and discharge harmful volatile pollutent, the security that has improved goods does not help protecting that the user's is healthy.Second characteristic is that caking agent and plant material have structural similarity, chemical compatibility, need not to add coupling agent, simplified the prescription of matrix material, improved the security of matrix material; The 3rd characteristics are adhesivess and are the natural high molecular substances of natural high molecular substance or modification, also belong to renewable resources, convenient sources, low price, guarantee the degradation property and the biological safety of whole matrix material on the one hand, also reduced the manufacturing cost of matrix material on the other hand.
Because matrix material of the present invention is to be made of plant material and the adhesives that derives from plant substantially, therefore nontoxic in the use, under suitable working conditions, has certain weather resistance, with after discard in environment, then be easy to the degraded, and has degradation property completely, degraded product can participate in the natural circulation again and go, can not pollute with metabolism and bear environment, can be as deriving from oil, the material of Nonrenewable resources such as Sweet natural gas causes white pollution like that, has increased air percent of greenhouse gases and content of harmful gas after the burning again.
In order to realize the well blend of caking agent and plant material, the present invention has used the aqueous solution of the aqueous solution, biopolymer derivative of water, biopolymer as mixed media.At first allow liquid mixing vehicle mix, realize of the distribution of mixed media thing, thereby have adsorptive power adhesives on the plant material surface with plant material, and then make surface arrangement the plant material of mixed media thing mix with caking agent.Adopt liquid mixed media thing can make plant material and caking agent realize uniform mixing, prevent layering in mixing process; Can reduce the flowability of plant material, increase the plasticity-and the conformality of plant material, make the dress mold process carry out easily; If use solution as the mixed media thing, then the solute composition in the solution also has the effect to composite modification and surface-coated.
Preparation method with environment-friendly composite material of complete degradation property of the present invention has adopted pressure sintering, compares with extrusion molding, and production efficiency is higher, operates easier.Simultaneously, owing to used liquid mixed media thing, hot pressing has the hydro-thermal machining characteristics.Under the hydro-thermal state, the easier plasticizing of caking agent, and realize bonding between the plant material, and eliminate of the influence of the wax on plant material surface to composite property, eliminated the dewaxing step, simplified production technique.Water in the mixed media thing can be emitted with gaseous form when die sinking, stays uniform duct at material internal, has improved the heat retaining property and the damping property of material.The production scene odorless is pollution-free, and a kind of pleasant smell of cooked maize is arranged on the contrary.
Preparation method with environment-friendly composite material of complete degradation property of the present invention has adopted paper and vegetables oil demoulding method innovatively, and method is succinctly effective, and is with low cost.If not being used to make food product containers, can use the various waste paper of recovery.Paper is placed on the matrix material periphery, on mould, brush a little vegetables oil then, can easily take out sample after the hot pressing, more much higher than the simple vegetables oil demoulding efficiency of using, and release paper combines closely with matrix material, need not to remove, and improved the intensity of matrix material, improve the profile pattern of matrix material, realized turning waste into wealth of waste paper.
But the environment-friendly composite material instead of part plastics with complete degradation property of the present invention use, and alleviate white pollution, alleviate consumption of petroleum resources; Can use by instead of part timber, alleviate the soil erosion that the denudation causes.Prepared matrix material can be used for making show and colour etc. in support section, interior decoration and finishing material, the buildings of toy, furniture, container, internal package box, compound foodstuff packing box behind surface daub on a wall, of many uses.Its use helps alleviating environmental pollution, and the protection people are healthy, improves people's environmental consciousness.Because used plant resources type is extensive, is not limited only to farm crop, also can be weeds in field, weeds, aquatic weed, artificial culture vegetation etc., help solving the inadequate resource problem that the seasonality results of crop genetic resource are brought.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 presses embodiment 1 for the present invention, the tensile strength Changing Pattern of a series of environment-friendly composite materials that change caking agent consumption wherein is prepared.
Fig. 2 presses embodiment 1 for the present invention, the shore hardness Changing Pattern of a series of environment-friendly composite materials that change caking agent consumption wherein is prepared.
Fig. 3 presses embodiment 1 for the present invention, the tensile strength Changing Pattern of a series of environment-friendly composite materials that change mixed media consumption wherein is prepared.
Fig. 4 presses embodiment 1 for the present invention, the shore hardness Changing Pattern of a series of environment-friendly composite materials that change mixed media consumption wherein is prepared.
Fig. 5 presses embodiment 1 for the present invention, the tensile strength Changing Pattern of a series of environment-friendly composite materials that change hot pressing temperature wherein is prepared.
Embodiment
The discarded grass of turf-mown gained is dried, and the weak point that is cut into length and is about 4.0 cm is cut thing, airtight shearing 5 min in four leaf turbine type mechanical stirring mixing tanks.Take by weighing 1000 gram cutting objects, place in the stirred pot, add 400 mL tap water, stir 5 min, make the grass surface, take by weighing 200 gram W-Gums then, be added in the head tank, stir 5 min and make grass and caking agent uniform mixing by evenly wetting.At die surface brushing skim rapeseed oil, place demoulding paper in the bed die, in the mould of then mixture being packed into, on material, cover one deck demoulding paper again, cover mold.It is between 135 ℃ the pressing plate that the mould that material is housed is placed on temperature, is forced into 12 MPa, hot pressing 10 min, and mold removal is cooled to that die sinking promptly gets the environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property after 30 ℃, and the tensile strength of matrix material reaches 4.5MPa.
Fig. 1 presses embodiment 1 for the present invention, the tensile strength Changing Pattern of a series of environment-friendly composite materials that change caking agent consumption wherein is prepared.With the increase of caking agent consumption, the tensile strength of matrix material presents increases earlier the trend that afterwards reduces as seen from the figure.Along with the caking agent consumption increases, the binding site between the plant material cutting object increases, and in conjunction with firm more, tensile strength improves gradually.But when bonding consumption is too much, the skewness of caking agent in matrix material, the accumulation area of formation caking agent has constituted new textural defect in material, and the tensile strength of matrix material reduces on the contrary.
Fig. 2 presses embodiment 1 for the present invention, the shore hardness Changing Pattern of a series of environment-friendly composite materials that change caking agent consumption wherein is prepared.Get the square that the length of side is 4cm at tabular sample center during measurement, measure the hardness on four summits of square, four summits are expressed as 1,2,3,4 respectively.As seen from the figure, each sample surfaces hardness fluctuations scope is all less, and is subjected to the influence of caking agent consumption less.
Fig. 3 presses embodiment 1 for the present invention, the tensile strength Changing Pattern of a series of environment-friendly composite materials that change mixed media consumption wherein is prepared.As seen from the figure, increase with the vehicle consumption, the tensile strength of matrix material presents increases earlier the trend that afterwards reduces, this is because caking agent originally can not plastify under hot pressing function, need be by vectorial effect, vectorial consumption increases, and the dispersive ability of caking agent in material strengthens, and the tensile strength of material increases gradually; Vectorial consumption is excessive, and itself can partly remain in the matrix material, has played the plastifying effect, thereby the intensity of matrix material is reduced.
Fig. 4 presses embodiment 1 for the present invention, the shore hardness Changing Pattern of a series of environment-friendly composite materials that change mixed media consumption wherein is prepared.As seen from the figure, as changing the prepared sample of caking agent consumption, under the condition of different vehicle consumptions, the hardness of matrix material is also more even relatively.When the vehicle consumption was too much and very few, hardness was on the low side relatively.When the vehicle consumption was too much, remaining vehicle played plastification, and material is softer; When the vehicle consumption was very few, the caking agent plasticizing rate was low, and the strength of materials is low, so hardness is also less.
Fig. 5 presses embodiment 1 for the present invention, the tensile strength Changing Pattern of a series of environment-friendly composite materials that change hot pressing temperature wherein is prepared.As seen from the figure, with the increase of hot pressing temperature, the tensile strength of matrix material increases afterwards earlier and reduces.Along with the increase of hot pressing temperature, the caking agent plasticizing rate increases, and the distributing homogeneity in plant material increases, and adhesiveproperties increases, thereby the tensile strength of matrix material increases; Hot pressing temperature is too high, and plant material forms the internal structure defective or sex change takes place under the effect of heat, from and the tensile strength of matrix material is reduced.
The soybean bar is dried, and the short weak point that is cut to 2.0 cm is cut thing, airtight shearing 20 min in four leaf turbine type mechanical stirring mixing tanks.Take by weighing 1000 gram cutting objects, place in the stirred pot, add 200 mL mass content and be 2% starch solution, stir 5 min, make and plant soybean bar cutting object surface, take by weighing 300 gram W-Gums then by evenly wetting, be added in the head tank, stir 10 min and make plant material and caking agent uniform mixing.At die surface brushing skim rapeseed oil, place demoulding paper in the bed die, in the mould of then mixture being packed into, on material, cover one deck demoulding paper again, cover mold.It is between 140 ℃ the pressing plate that the mould that material is housed is placed on temperature, is forced into 20 MPa, hot pressing 15 min, and mold removal is cooled to that die sinking promptly gets the environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property after 30 ℃, and the tensile strength of matrix material reaches 6.3MPa.
The cotton bar is dried, and the short weak point that is cut to 2.0 cm is cut thing, airtight shearing 20 min in four leaf turbine type mechanical stirring mixing tanks.Take by weighing 1000 gram cutting objects, place in the stirred pot, add 200 mL mass content and be 2% starch solution, stir 5 min, make and plant cotton bar cutting object surface, take by weighing 300 gram W-Gums then by evenly wetting, be added in the head tank, stir 10 min and make plant material and caking agent uniform mixing.At die surface brushing skim rapeseed oil, place demoulding paper in the bed die, in the mould of then mixture being packed into, on material, cover one deck demoulding paper again, cover mold.It is between 140 ℃ the pressing plate that the mould that material is housed is placed on temperature, is forced into 20 MPa, hot pressing 15 min, and mold removal is cooled to that die sinking promptly gets the environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property after 30 ℃, and the tensile strength of matrix material reaches 8.1MPa.
The grass of gained behind cotton bar and the turf-mown is dried, and the short weak point that is cut to 3.0 cm is cut thing, airtight shearing 15 min in four leaf turbine type mechanical stirring mixing tanks.Take by weighing 1000 gram cutting objects, place in the stirred pot, add 200 mL mass content and be 1% starch solution, stir 5 min, make the plant material surface, take by weighing 400 gram W-Gums then by evenly wetting, be added in the head tank, stir 8 min and make plant material and caking agent uniform mixing.At die surface brushing skim rapeseed oil, place demoulding paper in the bed die, in the mould of then mixture being packed into, on material, cover one deck demoulding paper again, cover mold.It is between 140 ℃ the pressing plate that the mould that material is housed is placed on temperature, is forced into 20 MPa, hot pressing 15 min, and mold removal is cooled to that die sinking promptly gets the environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property after 30 ℃, and the tensile strength of matrix material reaches 9.6MPa.
Claims (10)
1. environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property, it is characterized in that, by the stalk of plant, to plant shell, stem, leaf any one or two or more mixture and caking agent, mixed media wherein be that raw material is made, wherein, the stalk of plant, to plant shell, stem, leaf any one or two or more mixture wherein be the main body composition of matrix material, and weight percent is 50%-90%.
2. a kind of environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described plant is the careless class of farm crop such as paddy and wheat, corn, cotton, soybean, sesame, beet and various aquatic, Lu Sheng, wild and plantation.
3. the environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described caking agent main component is starch or acetic ester starch.
4. the environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described caking agent is based on starch or acetic ester starch, the mixture of Mierocrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose any one or two kinds is wherein used in collocation, and wherein starch or the weight percent of acetic ester starch in caking agent are 50%-100%.
5. the environment-friendly composite material with complete degradation property according to claim 1 is characterized in that, used mixed media is the aqueous solution of water or starch or the aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose.
6. one kind prepares the described method with environment-friendly composite material of complete degradation property of the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1, plant material is carried out drying treatment, make water-content in the raw material, lack then and cut below 5%;
S2, the plant material that weak point is cut carry out the stirring-type shearing;
S3, with raw material and the mixed media thing uniform mixing sheared;
S4, with product and the caking agent uniform mixing of S3;
S5, the product of S4 is carried out the environment-friendly composite material that hot pressing must have complete degradation property.
7. preparation method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in step S1, the weak point that the plant material weak point is cut to 1mm ~ 15cm is cut thing; In step S2, the time of shearing is 1min ~ 1h.
8. preparation method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in step S3, the consumption of mixed media thing is that per 100 gram plant materials use 10ml-50ml vehicle.
9. preparation method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in step S5, hot pressing time is 7min ~ 2h, and hot pressing temperature is 110 ℃ ~ 200 ℃, and hot pressing pressure is 6MPa ~ 100MPa.
10. environmental protection composite wood according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, behind surface daub on a wall, can be used for making show and colour etc. in support section, interior decoration and finishing material, the buildings of toy, furniture, container, internal package box, compound foodstuff packing box.
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| CN107323059A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-11-07 | 合肥同创园林科技有限公司 | A kind of method that garden waste produces sheeting caps |
| CN108395580A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2018-08-14 | 成都大学 | The preparation method of agriculture gurry degradable composite material for food packaging |
| CN112626906A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-09 | 温州合顺包装机械有限公司 | Production process of waterproof packaging box |
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| CN103214871B (en) | 2015-06-17 |
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