CN103210849B - Lyophyllum decastes new bacterial strain - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3, and the preservation number is CCTCCNO:M2013007. The Finc-LD-3 bacterial strain has the characteristics of good stipe length and uniformity in per plant, good anti-competitor capability, concentrated harvesting stage without casing soil in the cultivation link, or the like, and is suitable for popularization of factory plantation.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to edible mushroom technical field, or rather, relate to a kind of Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain.
[background technology]
Lyophyllum decastes (Latin title Lyophyllum decastes), is subordinate to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Bai Mo section, belongs to from pleat umbrella, is the good wild edible fungus that eats Mycota both at home and abroad and competitively study cultivation.Lyophyllum decastes bacterial context is plump fine and smooth, A sweety scent assails the nostrils, the crisp cunning of mouthfeel, delicious flavour, nutritious, and in the repair to human body cell with having demonstrated great superiority aspect treatment cardiovascular disease, anti-ageing waiting for a long time, be a kind of famous and precious edible mushroom that eats medicine dual-purpose.Since 2006, Lyophyllum decastes started a small amount of artificial cultivation and succeeds in Japan.Based on this, be urgently applicable to tame bacterial strain by domestication and seed selection.
[summary of the invention]
The features such as the technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3, and this bacterial strain has stem length good evenness in individual plant, and anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability is strong, and cultivation link does not need earthing, and picking time is concentrated, suitable batch production popularizing planting.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3 of the present invention is the wild resource by gathering Yunnan, through domesticating and cultivating, then obtains through screening system.This bacterial strain has been preserved in Chinese Typical Representative culture collection center, address on January 18th, 2013: Wuhan University of Wuhan, China city, its preserving number is CCTCC NO:M2013007.
Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3 of the present invention is characterised in that:
1, morphological feature
The mycelia of Finc-LD-3: aerial hyphae is dense; Cap: diameter is 3 ± 2cm, and it is light yellow that color is, circle, there is tiny fine hair on cap surface, and quality is tender and crisp, frangible; Lamella: light yellow, lamella section is crescent; Stem: length is 6～15cm, and stem top is pale yellow, and bottom is pure white, near the stem interior solid consolidation at cap place, away from cap place stem hollow, stem has scale, scale main rawly distribute irregular in the middle and upper part near cap, stem clusters.
2, biological property
Nutrient component source: wood chip, corncob, rice bran, wheat bran, corn flour, cotton seed hulls, soybean skin etc., wherein, water content 64%～66% (percentage by weight, lower same).
Cultivate and cultivation condition: Mycelium culture temperature is 20～25 ℃, humidity 75%, CO
2concentration 2000～3500ppm, cultivation cycle 50～70 days.Suitable fruiting temperature is 15～18 ℃, humidity 93%～100%, CO
2concentration 1000～2000ppm, first 1～7 day, intensity of illumination 10～50Lux, latter 8～32 days intensity of illumination 200～300Lux, every day, clearance-type was opened layer bracket lamp stimulation fruiting, and the cultivation cycle is about 32 days.
3, genetics characteristic
The genomic DNA of Lyophyllum decastes Finc-LD-3 bacterial strain carries out pcr amplification through universal primer ITS1 and ITS4, obtains the specific DNA segment that size is about 690bp, and this fragment is checked order, and sequence information is referring to sequence table.
Lyophyllum decastes Finc-LD-3 bacterial strain of the present invention, there is stem length good evenness in individual plant, fruit body exterior quality is good, anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability is strong, has reduced production management difficulty, and cultivation link does not need earthing, the features such as picking time is concentrated, reduced widely the manual work intensity of production link, and per unit area yield is high, suitable batch production popularizing planting.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the fruit body outward appearance picture of Lyophyllum decastes Finc-LD-3 bacterial strain of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the phylogenetic tree of Lyophyllum decastes Finc-LD-3 bacterial strain of the present invention.
[embodiment]
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The domestication of embodiment 1 Finc-LD-3 of the present invention
The present embodiment has illustrated the domestication process of Lyophyllum decastes Finc-LD-3, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) preparation medium
PDA medium: every 1L medium potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 20g.
2) collection of resources
In September, 2007, in 1800～3000 meters of height above sea level areas of Yunnan Binchuan Jizu Shan Mountain, gathers wild resource 4 strains, takes back laboratory, organize separation, be inoculated on PDA medium, obtain and treat 4 of naturalized strains, numbering is respectively FLD-A, FLD-C, FLD-C, FLD-D.
3) strain domestication
Use PDA medium to expand the FLD-C in 4 bacterial strains that obtain numerous, 22 ℃, humidity 70%, gas concentration lwevel is less than 3000ppm, dark culturing.
To the cultivation of going down to posterity respectively of above-mentioned 4 bacterial strains, numerous 20 of each expansion, inoculated after 12～15 days, chose two test tube subcultures that a bacterium is the fastest and expanded numerous, be seeded on PDA medium, inoculate after 12～15 days, then get and send out two test tube subcultures that bacterium is the fastest and expand numerously, repeat 10 circulations, to expanding numerous offspring's test tube, to send out bacterium speed very fast, send out the neat homogeneous of bacterium speed, complete preliminary domestication work, and bacterial strain is preserved in to edible mushroom research institute of Shanghai City academy of agricultural sciences with liquid nitrogen cryopreservation.
4) factory formula screening
The wheel formula tests screening through how, the female kind of acquisition, cultivated species formula are:
Mother culture media: wood chip 50%(percentage by weight, lower with), rice bran 25%, wheat bran 15% and corn flour 10%, water content is 60%～62%.
Cultivated species medium: wood chip 15%, corncob 25%, cotton seed hulls 25%, rice bran 10%, wheat bran 20% and corn flour 5%, water content is 64%～66%.
5) obtain aimed strain: work by a series of domestication breeding, obtain a Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain, it has stem length good evenness in individual plant, anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability is strong, cultivation link does not need earthing, the feature such as concentrates picking time, has reached the object of domestication breeding strain excellent.This bacterial strain is named as " Finc-LD-3 ".
Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3 of the present invention is in being preserved in Chinese Typical Representative culture collection center on January 18th, 2013, and its preserving number is CCTCC NO:M2013007, and bacterial strain is survived after testing, and classification position is for to belong to Lyophyllum decastes from pleat umbrella.
The impact of embodiment 2 carbon sources on Lyophyllum decastes mycelial growth
For trying carbon source: glucose, sucrose and soluble starch.
Basal medium formula used is: magnesium sulfate 0.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, peptone 2g, agar 20g, 1000ml adds water.
In basal medium, add respectively the one for examination carbon source, addition is 20g (pure C content), after mixing, pack in 250ml triangular flask, every bottle of 150ml, puts into 121 ℃ of sterilizing 30min of autoclave, after slightly cooling, is down flat plate, the about 20ml medium of every plate, each dull and stereotyped central authorities connect the bacterium piece that a diameter is 5mm, and each processing arranges 5 repetitions, are placed under 25 ℃ of constant temperatures continuous culture 20 days.Within every 7 days, measure colony diameter by right-angled intersection method, come divided by interval number of days by the difference of twice test number, be the mycelial growth rate of average every day.
The impact of table 1 carbon source on Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C mycelial growth
As shown in Table 1, from 3 kinds, for examination carbon source, FLD-C mycelial growth in the medium take starch as carbon source is the fastest, and it is centimetre/day that average growth rate reaches 1.38cm/d(, lower same), be secondly sucrose, be finally glucose; And Finc-LD-3 of the present invention mycelia average growth rate in the medium take starch as carbon source is the fastest, reach 1.42cm/d, than the fast 0.04cm/d of wild strain, in sucrose and glucose, to grow partially slow, average growth rate is 0.74cm/d and 0.57cm/d.Explanation thus, in the medium of different carbon sources, the average mycelial growth rate of Finc-LD-3 is all fast than wild strain, and starch is best, and the uniformity of growth rate is better, and excursion is little.
The impact of embodiment 3 nitrogenous sources on Lyophyllum decastes mycelial growth
For trying nitrogenous source: ammonium sulfate, peptone and wheat bran.
Basal medium formula used is: magnesium sulfate 0.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, glucose 20g, agar 20g, 1000ml adds water.
Add respectively the one for examination nitrogenous source to measuring in nitrogenous source basal medium used, addition is the pure N content of 2g(), after mixing, pack in 250ml triangular flask, every bottled 150ml, puts into 121 ℃ of sterilizing 30min of autoclave, after slightly cooling, is down flat plate, the about 20ml medium of every plate, each dull and stereotyped central authorities connect the bacterium piece that a diameter is 5mm, and each processing arranges 5 repetitions, are placed under 25 ℃ of constant temperature culture conditions continuous culture 20 days.Within every 7 days, measure colony diameter by right-angled intersection method, come divided by interval number of days by the difference of twice test number, be the mycelial growth rate of average every day.
The impact of table 2 nitrogenous source on Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C mycelial growth rate
As shown in Table 2, from 3 kinds, for examination nitrogenous source, FLD-C mycelial growth in the medium take wheat bran as nitrogenous source is the fastest, and average growth rate is 1.74cm/d, is secondly peptone, is finally ammonium sulfate, only 0.35cm/d; And Finc-LD-3 of the present invention mycelia average growth rate in the medium take wheat bran as nitrogenous source has reached 1.83cm/d, than the fast 0.09cm/d of wild strain, in peptone, growth rate is taken second place, and is 0.93cm/d, it is the slowest that ammonium sulfate is that nitrogenous source is grown, and is 0.39cm/d.Show thus, in the medium of different nitrogen sources, the average mycelial growth rate of Finc-LD-3 is all fast than wild strain, and wheat bran is best, and peptone takes second place, and ammonium sulfate is the poorest, and the uniformity of mycelial growth rate is take peptone as best.
The impact of embodiment 4 C/N ratios on Lyophyllum decastes mycelial growth
Take glucose as carbon source, ammonium sulfate is nitrogenous source, use magnesium sulfate 0.5g, yeast extract 2g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, agar 20g, the 1000ml that adds water, preparation C/N ratio is respectively 5 kinds of medium of 20:1,30:1,40:1,50:1 and 60:1, packs in 250ml triangular flask, every bottled 120ml, pH is adjusted into 6.0, puts into 121 ℃ of sterilizing 30min of autoclave, after slightly cooling, is down flat plate.The about 20ml medium of every plate, the bacterium piece that is 5mm at each dull and stereotyped central authorities inoculation one diameter, the processing of each C/N ratio arranges 5 repetitions, is placed under 25 ℃ of constant temperatures continuous culture 20 days.Within every 5 days, measure colony diameter by right-angled intersection method, twice test number is poor divided by interval number of days, draws the mycelial growth rate of average every day, the results are shown in Table 3.
The impact of the mycelial growth of table 3 C/N ratio on Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C
As known from Table 3, in the time that C/N ratio increases to 60:1 by 20:1, the mycelia average growth rate variation tendency of Finc-LD-3 and two bacterial strains of FLD-C is not obvious, in the time that C/N ratio is 60:1, all reach maximum average growth rate, Finc-LD-3 is 0.44cm/d, and uniformity is better, and FLD-C is 0.38cm/d.Show thus, Finc-LD-3 bacterial strain of the present invention is cultivated in the medium of different C/N ratios, adaptive capacity compared with wild strain FLD-C is stronger, send out bacterium speed faster, also show simultaneously, it is very little that the growth rate of Finc-LD-3 bacterial strain is affected by C/N ratio, suitablely in the medium of variant C/N ratio, grows, stronger to the adaptive capacity of medium.
The impact of embodiment 5pH on Lyophyllum decastes mycelial growth
Sodium hydroxide solution with 1.0% and 1.0% hydrochloric acid solution regulate the acid-base value of PDA medium, obtain pH value and are respectively 6 soda acid gradients of 4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0 and 9.0.The medium of gained is respectively charged in 250ml triangular flask, and every bottle of 120ml, puts into 121 ℃ of sterilizing 30min of autoclave, the slightly cooling plate that is down flat.The dull and stereotyped about 20ml medium of every culture dish, after completely cooling solid plate.When inoculation, one of the bacterium colony of the aseptic card punch cut-off footpath 5mm of use sterilizing, is seeded in the dull and stereotyped central authorities of PDA.Same pH condition is done 5 repetitions, is placed under 25 ℃ of constant temperature culture conditions continuous culture 20 days.Within every 5 days, measure colony diameter by right-angled intersection method, the difference of measuring numerical value twice, again divided by interval number of days, draws the mycelial growth rate of average every day, the results are shown in Table 4.
The impact of table 4 pH on Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C mycelial growth
As shown in Table 4, the optimal pH of Finc-LD-3 and the required medium of FLD-C is all 7.0, and mycelia average growth rate is respectively 0.65cm/d and 0.62cm/d, and Finc-LD-3 is slightly faster than FLD-C growth rate.And, in the medium of identical pH condition, to cultivate, the mycelial growth rate of Finc-LD-3 is all slightly fast than FLD-C.
Embodiment 6 morphological features and biological property
The mycelia of morphological feature: Finc-LD-3: aerial hyphae is dense; Cap: diameter is 3 ± 2cm, is light yellow, circle, and there is tiny fine hair on cap surface, and quality is tender and crisp, frangible; Lamella: light yellow, lamella section is crescent; Stem: length is 6～15cm, and stem top is pale yellow, and bottom is pure white, near the stem interior solid consolidation at cap place, away from cap place stem hollow, stem has scale, scale main raw in the middle and upper part near cap, distribute irregular, stem clusters, and refers to Fig. 1.
Biological property: nutrient component source: wood chip, corncob, rice bran, wheat bran, corn flour, cotton seed hulls, soybean skin etc., wherein, water content 64%～66% (percentage by weight, lower same).
Cultivate and cultivation condition: Mycelium culture temperature is 20～25 ℃, humidity 75%, CO
2concentration 2000～3500ppm, cultivation cycle 50～70 days.Suitable fruiting temperature is 15～18 ℃, humidity 93%～100%, CO
2concentration 1000～2000ppm, first 1～7 day, intensity of illumination 10～50Lux, latter 8～32 days intensity of illumination 200～300Lux, every day, clearance-type was opened layer bracket lamp stimulation fruiting, and the cultivation cycle is about 32 days.
Embodiment 7 cultivates comparative trial
The present embodiment is by Lyophyllum decastes Finc-LD-3 bacterial strain, with cultivate contrast without habituation of wild bacterial strain FLD-C, investigate the anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability of strains tested, not the former base under earthing condition (forming fruit body in the future) a situation arises, the index such as concentration degree and per unit area yield of gathering, be applicable to industrial bottle and plant advantage and the feature of producing to embody this bacterial strain.
Cultivated species medium used is: wood chip 15%, and corncob 25%, cotton seed hulls 25%, rice bran 10%, wheat bran 20% and corn flour 5%, water content is 64%～66%.
Cultivation stage pollution rate test take first preculture again the mode of common cultivation carry out, inoculate 128 bottles, be then placed in the pre-incubation chamber that cleanliness factor is high and cultivate 15 days, go to again common culturing room, total cultivation cycle 64 days, adds up pollution condition when mycelium stimulation, result is consulted table 5.
As known from Table 5, the Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3 pollution rate obtaining by domestication is 0, and wild strain pollution rate is 3.13%.As can be seen here, compared with wild strain, Finc-LD-3 has stronger anti-miscellaneous bacteria infection ability.
Table 5 Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C cultivation stage pollute contrast
In cultivation process, former base generation number is take above-mentioned 128 inoculation bottles as research object, and the in the situation that of earthing not, a situation arises sees the following form 6 for the former base of Finc-LD-3 and wild strain FLD-C.As known from Table 6, the Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3 obtaining by domestication, compared with wild strain, former base proportion is higher, stronger for the adaptive capacity of soil covering culture not.
The former base of table 6 Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C a situation arises contrast
Same batch of concentration degree of gathering of statistics while gathering, take above-mentioned 128 inoculation bottles as subjects, result of the test is consulted following table 7.As known from Table 7, the Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3 obtaining by domestication concentrates on first and gathers, and recovery ratio reaches 68.97%, and the gathering take second batch as main of FLD-C, recovery ratio is 57.28%.As can be seen here, compared with wild strain, the fruit body of Finc-LD-3 cycle of gathering is more concentrated, and concentrates the date of gathering obviously to shift to an earlier date compared with wild strain.
Gather concentration degree contrast of table 7 Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C
The subjects of measuring for per unit area yield is above-mentioned 128 inoculation bottles, as known from Table 8, the Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3 obtaining by domestication, compared with wild strain, cultivation per unit area yield is higher, the in the situation that of same test quantity, Finc-LD-3 has obtained higher gross yield, and total amount of increase in production has reached 23.88%.
Gather per unit area yield contrast of table 8 Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C
Embodiment 8 fruit body uniformity contrasts
Take the Finc-LD-3 that gathered in above-described embodiment 7 and FLD-C fruit body as objects of statistics, the statistical analysis cap size uniformity and the stem length uniformity.Wherein,
The coefficient of variation (%)=standard deviation/mean value * 100%
From following table 9, Finc-LD-3 bacteria cover diameter average out to 3.0cm, FLD-C bacteria cover diameter average out to 3.1cm, and the coefficient of variation of Finc-LD-3 bacteria cover diameter is 41.3%, and the coefficient of variation of FLD-C bacteria cover diameter reaches 50.3%.As can be seen here, the relative variability degree of Finc-LD-3 bacteria cover diameter is less, illustrates that the bacteria cover diameter of Finc-LD-3 is more even.
The different Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain of the table 9 fruit body cap size uniformity
Following table 10 shows, Finc-LD-3 fruit body stem length average out to 9.5cm of the present invention, exceed 0.3cm than FLD-C stem length, and, the coefficient of variation of Finc-LD-3 stem length is that the coefficient of variation of 22.6%, FLD-C stem length reaches 38.3%, as can be seen here, the relative variability degree of Finc-LD-3 stem length is less, and the stem length uniformity of Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain fruit body of the present invention will obviously be better than contrasting wild strain.
The long uniformity of the different Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain of table 10 fruit body stem
Embodiment 9 gustation tests
Choose fresh Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C, fry, room temperature is cooling, randomly draws 100 people and carries out blind test with regard to fragrance, bitter taste and the fragility of Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C, and everyone who participates in investigating fills in gustation grade form, and standards of grading are in table 11.
Table 11 gustation test scores standard
This experimental result as known from Table 12, each item rating of Finc-LD-3 is: fragrance 4.5, bitter taste 4.8, fragility 4.6, above-mentioned every appraisal result is all a little more than the score of FLD-C, this explanation Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3 of the present invention has happy people's taste and fragility, is more vulnerable to consumer's favor.
Table 12 Finc-LD-3 and FLD-C gustation comparing result
The embodiment 10ITS evaluation of checking order
The present embodiment student on commission work biotechnology (Shanghai) limited company (hereinafter to be referred as " raw work ") carries out, and comprises the following steps:
Genomic extraction: extract according to raw work SK1375 fungal genomic DNA extraction agent box specification.Obtained DNA solution is placed in to-20 ℃ of preservations, for subsequent use.
Pcr amplification system is: cumulative volume 25 μ L, genomic templates 1 μ L, fungi rDNA universal primer ITS1 sequence is 5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3'(10 μ M) 0.5 μ L, ITS4 sequence is 5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'(10 μ M) 0.5 μ L, dNTP mix (10mM each) 0.5 μ L, 10 × Taq reaction buffer, 2.5 μ L, 5U/ μ L Taq0.2 μ L, adds water to 25 μ L.PCR program: 94 ℃ of 5mim of denaturation, 94 ℃ of 30s, 55 ℃ of 35s, 72 ℃ of 1min, 35 circulations, 72 ℃ are extended 8min.
Adopt conventional sequence measurement to check order to above-mentioned pcr amplification product.The ITS sequence sequencing result of this test strain Finc-LD-3 refers to sequence table, the DNA fragmentation that its sequence is 690bp.From GenBank, check in, Finc-LD-3 bacterial strain ITS sequence is the highest with the ITS sequence similarity that belongs to Lyophyllum decastes from pleat umbrella., check in and the ITS sequence of planting close to pleat umbrella symbolic animal of the birth year from GenBank, application DNAStar MegAlign software building goes out the phylogenetic tree of strains tested, refers to accompanying drawing 2 meanwhile.
More than describing is only embodiments of the invention, forgives and can understand, and is not departing under the prerequisite of the present invention's design, within all should being included in technical conceive of the present invention to simple modification of the present invention and replacement.
Claims (1)
1. a Lyophyllum decastes bacterial strain Finc-LD-3, its deposit number is CCTCC NO:M2013007.
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