CN103206265B - 用于环境屏障涂层系统的连续纤维加强的网格粘结层 - Google Patents
用于环境屏障涂层系统的连续纤维加强的网格粘结层 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
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Abstract
本发明提供一种燃气涡轮机叶片,该燃气涡轮机叶片可以具有施布至其表面的粘结层。多孔基体可以施布至粘结层并且一个或多个保护层可以施布至粘结层,使得纤维网格嵌入在粘结层与保护层之间,以防止蠕变。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及燃气涡轮机叶片,并且更具体地涉及用于燃气涡轮机叶片的抗蠕变涂层系统。
背景技术
燃气涡轮机(也可以被称作燃烧涡轮机)是对气体进行加速从而迫使气体进入燃烧室的内燃机,在燃烧室处,热增加,以增大气体的体积。膨胀气体接着被导向涡轮,以获取由膨胀气体所产生的能量。燃气涡轮机具有多种实际应用,其中包括用作喷气发动机并且用于工业发电系统中。
通常使用旋转叶片来实现燃气涡轮机内对气体的加速和引导。典型地通过迫使膨胀气体从燃烧室通向燃气涡轮机叶片来实现对能量的获取,燃气涡轮机叶片在通过涡轮机叶片离开燃气涡轮机的膨胀气体的力的作用下旋转。由于离开气体的高温,燃气涡轮机叶片必须构建成耐受极限操作条件。在许多系统中,采用复杂的涡轮机叶片冷却系统。尽管燃气涡轮机叶片通常由金属构建,但是更多的先进的材料现在用于这种叶片,例如陶瓷和陶瓷基复合材料。当使用这种先进的材料或仅使用金属构建燃气涡轮机叶片时,可以施布涂层,以向叶片提供增加的保护以及提高的耐热性。
发明内容
本发明公开一种燃气涡轮机叶片,该燃气涡轮机叶片具有表面和施布至该表面的粘结层。多孔基体可以施布至粘结层并且一个或多个保护层可以施布至粘结层,使得多孔基体嵌入在粘结层与保护层之间,以防止和缓解蠕变。
本发明公开一种用于缓解和防止蠕变的方法。可以将粘结层施布至燃气涡轮机叶片的表面,并且可以将多孔基体施布至粘结层。可以将一个或多个保护层施布至粘结层,使得多孔基体嵌入在粘结层与保护层之间。
当结合附图阅读时,可更好的理解以上的概述以及以下的详细描述。为了对所要求保护的主题进行说明的目的,示出了附图示例,附图示例示出了各个实施例;然而,本发明并不限于所公开的特定的系统和方法。
附图说明
当参照附图阅读以下的详细描述时,本主题的这些和其它的特征、方面以及优点将变得更好理解,在附图中:
图1是施布至叶片表面的涂层的非限制性示例。
图2是施布至叶片表面的涂层以及可能引起的蠕变的另一个非限制性示例。
图3是可以施布至或者嵌入在燃气涡轮机叶片上的粘结层中的纤维网格的非限制性示例。
图4是可以施布至或者嵌入在燃气涡轮机叶片上的粘结层中的纤维网格的另一个非限制性示例。
图5是施布至叶片使得抗蠕变性提高的纤维网格的非限制性示例。
图6是施布至叶片使得抗蠕变性提高的纤维网格的另一个非限制性示例。
图7是可以施布至或者嵌入在燃气涡轮机叶片上的粘结层中的纤维网格的非限制性示例。
图8是可以施布至或者嵌入在燃气涡轮机叶片上的粘结层中的纤维网格以及所施布的环境屏障涂层(environmentalbarriercoating,EBC)层的另一个非限制性示例。
图9是可以施布至或者嵌入在燃气涡轮机叶片上的粘结层中的纤维网格的非限制性示例。
图10是可以施布至或者嵌入在燃气涡轮机叶片上的粘结层中的纤维网格以及所施布的EBC层的另一个非限制性示例。
具体实施方式
在一个实施例中,环境屏障涂层(EBC)可以施布至由陶瓷基复合材料(CMC)构建的燃气涡轮机叶片。EBC可以有助于保护叶片不受其周围物体(例如热气体、水蒸气和氧)的影响,所述周围物体可能在燃气涡轮机进行操作的同时与叶片接触。EBC可以是硅基的,并且可以施布为若干层的各种材料。在本发明的实施例中,每一层中的材料可以是任何材料,并且可以使用任何装置或方法施布这种材料,其中包括大气等离子喷涂(APS)、化学气相沉积(CVD)、等离子加强CVD(PECVD)、浸渍涂层、和电泳沉积(EPD)。
图1示出了可以施布至CMC叶片的示例涂层。叶片110可以涂覆有粘结层120,粘结层120可以用作粘结层并且有助于将EBC层粘结至叶片110。在一个实施例中,粘结层120可以是硅粘结层。EBC层140可以施布在粘结层120上。额外的EBC层150、160、和170可以进一步施布在EBC层140上。可以使用任何装置和方法将任何数量的EBC层施布至叶片110以及本说明书中所公开的任何其它叶片或表面,并且任何材料都可以用于本说明书中所公开的任何叶片、粘结层、和EBC层,其中包括粘结层120、EBC层140、150、160、和170并且用于叶片110。所有的这种实施例都被认为属于本发明的范围内。
在可以对叶片110进行构造的燃气涡轮机环境中,由于热气体造成温度升高,因此这种气体可能造成粘结层120氧化和熔融。随着熔融和氧化,粘结层120可能形成粘性流体层130,粘性流体层130可能是粘性玻璃层。在一些实施例中,粘性流体层130可以由热生长氧化层(TGO)构成。如图2中所示,粘性流体层130可以在由施加于叶片110的离心载荷以及与外部EBC层(例如层140、150、160、和170)的热膨胀系数(CTE)的不匹配而造成的剪切应力的作用下移动。这种移动可以被称作“蠕变”。EBC层140、150、160、和170的蠕变可能对叶片110的可用使用寿命构成限制,特别是当层140、150、160、和170中的任何一层发生开裂时。
为了防止或缓解蠕变,在一个实施例中,可以通过例如纤维网格的多孔基体对粘结涂层进行加强,以防止和缓解蠕变。在使用网格的实施例中,所使用的网格可以使用沿两个方向相交的纤维编织而成,或者可以由单向纤维构成。构建网格的纤维所用的材料可以是任何材料,其中包括陶瓷纤维。在一些实施例中,可以将用于网格的材料选择成提高网格对抗蠕变的能力。例如,本说明书中所公开的任何纤维网格的纤维可以由单一氧化物(例如氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化钛、氧化镁、莫来石、和尖晶石)、碳化物(例如碳化硅、碳化硼、和碳化钛)、氮化物(例如氮化硅和氮化硼)、金属问化合物(例如铝化镍、铝化钛、和二硅化钼)、或者这些化合物中任何化合物的任何组合制成。由于例如氧化铝纤维、莫来石、和钇铝石榴石(YAG)纤维的单晶形式的氧化物纤维具有2400F以上的优良的抗蠕变性,因此这些类型的纤维可以用于这些实施例中。这些纤维中的任何纤维,以及不会在所施布至的叶片的操作条件下熔融或氧化并且可以在高温下保持其粘附特性的任何其它的纤维都可以用于本说明书中所公开的任何实施例中,并且所有的这种实施例都被认为属于本发明的范围内。
图3示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的呈纤维网格中的纤维构造形式的多孔基体。在图3中,当为了清楚起见而仅示出纤维网格的纤维时,纤维300可以单向地构造,其中所有纤维都基本彼此平行。
图4示出了根据本发明的另一个实施例的纤维网格中的另一种纤维构造。在图4中,当为了清楚起见而仅示出纤维网格的纤维时,纤维400可以通过沿两个方向编织在一起形成,如图中可见。在任何一种构造中,纤维都可以比仅有EBC层时具有更佳的耐氧化性和抗蠕变性,并且可以提供“主干(backbone)”或基体,所述“主干”或基体可以在高温(例如,2400F及以上)应用中将周围的粘结层材料保持就位。
图5示出了燃气涡轮机叶片的侧视图,该燃气涡轮机叶片构造成具有施布在粘结层中或者施布至粘结层的纤维网格。叶片510可以涂覆有粘结层520。单向纤维网格540可以部分或完全地嵌入在粘结层520中。EBC层530可以施布在粘结层520和纤维网格540上。应当注意到,为了便于解释,图5中示出了单个EBC层。然而,EBC层530可以代表任何数量和组合的任何类型的EBC层或者可以施布至燃气涡轮机叶片的任何其它的层或涂层。所有的这种实施例都被认为属于本发明的范围内。
在某些操作条件下,粘性流体层550可能形成在粘结层520与EBC层530之间。纤维网格540可以通过提供防止粘性流体层550蠕变的用于粘性流体层550的机械屏障或物理约束来防止和/或抵抗这些层之间的蠕变。纤维网格540的纤维可以用于锚定粘性流体层550并且提供EBC层530定位在其上的更粗糙的表面,由此进一步防止和/或减少由于蠕变而造成的EBC层530的任何移动。如图5中所示,可以施布纤维网格540,使得可能发生的任何蠕变的期望方向与纤维网格540中的纤维垂直。
应当注意到,尽管一些氧化物纤维的机械强度可能由于粘结层(例如粘结层520)中的晶粒尺寸的过度增长而在高温(例如,2100F以上)下降级,但是应力可以保持足够低,使得纤维可以保持其完整性。然而,即使纤维网格540的纤维在图5的实施例和其它实施例中断裂,断裂的纤维件仍然可以用作用于例如粘性流体层550的粘性流体层(例如,TGO)的“短纤维”加强件。
图6示出了燃气涡轮机叶片的侧视图,该燃气涡轮机叶片构造成具有施布在粘结层中或施布至粘结层的纤维网格。叶片610可以涂覆有粘结层620。沿两个方向编织的纤维网格640可以部分或完全地嵌入在粘结层620中。EBC层630可以施布在粘结层620和纤维网格640上。应当注意到,为了便于解释,图6中示出了单个EBC层。然而,EBC层630可以代表任何数量和组合的任何类型的EBC层或者可以施布至燃气涡轮机叶片的任何其它的层或涂层。所有的这种实施例都被认为属于本发明的范围内。
在某些操作条件下,粘性流体层650可能形成在粘结层620与EBC层630之间。纤维网格640可以通过提供防止粘性流体层650蠕变的用于粘性流体层650的机械屏障或物理约束来防止和/或抵抗这些层之间的蠕变。纤维网格640的纤维可以用于锚定粘性流体层650并且提供EBC层630定位在其上的更粗糙的表面,由此进一步防止和/或减少由于蠕变而造成的EBC层630的任何移动。如图6中所示,可以施布纤维网格640,使得可能发生的任何蠕变的期望方向与沿纤维网格640中的一个方向定向的纤维垂直。此处同样的,即使纤维网格640的纤维在图6的实施例中断裂,断裂的纤维件仍然可以用作用于例如粘性流体层650的粘性流体层(例如,TGO)的“短纤维”加强件。
图7是燃气涡轮机叶片的透视图,该燃气涡轮机叶片构造成具有施布在粘结层中或者施布至粘结层的单向纤维网格。叶片710可以施布有粘结层720,并且纤维网格740可以嵌入在或者施布至粘结层720中。应当注意到,纤维网格740可以定向成使得与期望的蠕变方向垂直。图8是图7的实施例的透视图,其中包括施布有EBC层730的层和叶片710的展开和部分透视图。
图9是燃气涡轮机叶片的透视图,该燃气涡轮机叶片构造成具有施布在粘结层中或者施布至粘结层的编织纤维。叶片910可以施布有粘结层920,并且纤维网格940可以嵌入在或者施布至粘结层920中。应当注意到,纤维网格940可以定向成使得纤维网格940的纤维中的至少一些与期望的蠕变方向垂直。图10是图9的实施例的透视图,其中包括施布有EBC层930的层和叶片910的展开和部分透视图。
通过使用本说明书中所构想的实施例,可以将机械屏障放入改变粘结层和EBC层的微观组织而不改变这些层的化学组成的位置处。机械屏障可以呈网格、筛网、格栅或者其它的多孔基体的形式。在一些实施例中,与连续的纤维不同,由任何材料制成的单独的和未连接的元件(例如陶瓷元件)可以嵌入在粘结层中,以提供类似的蠕变缓解和蠕变防止。单独的和未连接的元件可以定向在单个取向中、多个取向中、或者可以随机地分布,使得元件随机定向布置。
使用所公开的纤维网格可以防止和/或减少由于粘性流体层的产生而造成的粘结层上的EBC层的任何蠕变。因此,可以通过很小的额外成本来延长燃气涡轮机中所使用的叶片的使用寿命。应当注意到,在一些实施例中,可以使用任何类型的纤维网格,其中包括具有单向纤维的那些纤维网格、沿两个方向编织的纤维、以及沿多于两个的方向编织的纤维。本说明书中所公开的任何纤维网格的纤维都可以以任何图案并且通过任何装置或方法编织。在一些实施例中,所使用的纤维是连续陶瓷纤维。还应当注意到,这种纤维网格可以施布至燃气涡轮机叶片的涂覆有粘结剂的整个表面,或者备选地施布至最易于经受蠕变的燃气涡轮机叶片的部段,例如有可能经受最高操作温度的那些部段。所有的这种实施例都被认为属于本发明的范围内。
本书面描述使用示例对本说明书中所包含的主题进行了公开(其中包括最佳模式),并且还使本领域技术人员能够实施本发明(其中包括制造和使用任何装置或系统并且执行所包含的任何方法)。本发明的可专利范围通过权利要求进行限定,并且可以包括本领域技术人员能够想到的其它的示例。如果这种其它的示例具有与权利要求的字面语言没有区别的结构元件,或者如果这种其它的示例包括与权利要求的字面语言没有实质区别的等同结构元件,则这种其它的示例旨在落入权利要求的范围内。
Claims (19)
1.一种燃气涡轮机叶片,所述燃气涡轮机叶片包括:
表面;
粘结层,所述粘结层施布至所述表面;
多孔基体,所述多孔基体施布至所述粘结层,所述多孔基体包括纤维网格;以及
保护层,所述保护层施布至所述粘结层,使得所述纤维网格嵌入在所述粘结层与所述保护层之间,其中,所述纤维网格减少所述粘结层和所述保护层之间的蠕变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮机叶片,其特征在于,所述保护层包括至少一个环境屏障涂层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮机叶片,其特征在于,所述纤维网格的至少一些纤维定向成与期望的蠕变方向垂直。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮机叶片,其特征在于,所述纤维网格包括由单一氧化物、碳化物、氮化物、金属间化合物或其组合中的至少一种制成的纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮机叶片,其特征在于,所述纤维网格施布至所述表面的第一部段并且不施布至所述表面的第二部段。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮机叶片,其特征在于,所述多孔基体包括编织纤维。
7.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮机叶片,其特征在于,所述多孔基体包括连续陶瓷纤维的网格。
8.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮机叶片,其特征在于,所述多孔基体施布至整个所述表面。
9.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮机叶片,其特征在于,所述多孔基体包括由单晶氧化物纤维制成的纤维。
10.一种方法,所述方法包括:
将粘结层施布至燃气涡轮机叶片的表面;
将多孔基体施布至所述粘结层,所述多孔基体包括纤维网格;以及
将保护层施布至所述粘结层,使得纤维网格嵌入在所述粘结层与所述保护层之间,其中,所述纤维网格减少所述粘结层和所述保护层之间的蠕变。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述保护层包括至少一个环境屏障涂层。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述多孔基体包括单向纤维的网格。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述多孔基体包括编织纤维的网格。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述多孔基体包括连续陶瓷纤维。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述多孔基体施布至所述粘结层包括将纤维网格施布至所述粘结层,使得所述纤维网格的至少一些纤维定向成与期望的蠕变方向垂直。
16.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纤维网格包括由单一氧化物、碳化物、氮化物、金属间化合物或其组合中的至少一种制成的纤维。
17.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述多孔基体施布至所述粘结层包括将所述多孔基体施布至由所述粘结层覆盖的所述表面的第一部段,并且不将所述多孔基体施布至由所述粘结层覆盖的所述表面的第二部段。
18.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述多孔基体施布至所述粘结层包括将所述多孔基体施布至由所述粘结层覆盖的整个所述表面。
19.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纤维网格包括由单晶氧化物纤维制成的纤维。
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CN103206265A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
EP2615250A1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
EP2615250B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
JP6106431B2 (ja) | 2017-03-29 |
US20130177440A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
RU2013102456A (ru) | 2014-07-20 |
JP2013142398A (ja) | 2013-07-22 |
US9771811B2 (en) | 2017-09-26 |
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