CN103201464B - 具有可变的蒸汽馈入的蒸汽轮机设备 - Google Patents

具有可变的蒸汽馈入的蒸汽轮机设备 Download PDF

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CN103201464B
CN103201464B CN201180052992.7A CN201180052992A CN103201464B CN 103201464 B CN103201464 B CN 103201464B CN 201180052992 A CN201180052992 A CN 201180052992A CN 103201464 B CN103201464 B CN 103201464B
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诺贝特·皮珀
迈克尔·韦希松
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/101—Regulating means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/106—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with water evaporated or preheated at different pressures in exhaust boiler
    • F01K23/108—Regulating means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/18—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbine being of multiple-inlet-pressure type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/18—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbine being of multiple-inlet-pressure type
    • F01K7/20—Control means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • F22B1/1815—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines using the exhaust gases of gas-turbines

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Abstract

蒸汽轮机设备（1）具有蒸汽轮机（12）和用于对蒸汽消耗器进行供给的具有进汽收集管道部段（19）的进汽收集管道（16），其中进汽收集管道（16）在进汽收集管道部段（19）的进汽导入部位（21）处导入到蒸汽轮机（12）的废蒸汽流中，并且蒸汽馈入装置（18）在蒸汽轮机（12）上设有切换阀（17），蒸汽馈入装置（18）借助所述切换阀在进汽导入部位（21）的上游连接到进汽收集管道部段（19）上并且切换阀能够被控制地切换成，使得当在进汽收集管道部段（19）中废蒸汽压强小于额定压强时，进汽收集管道部段（19）与蒸汽馈入装置（18）以传导蒸汽的方式连接并且在切换阀（17）和进汽导入部位（21）之间中断，否则蒸汽馈入装置（18）与进汽收集管道部段（19）分开。

Description

具有可变的蒸汽馈入的蒸汽轮机设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有可变的蒸汽馈入的蒸汽轮机设备。
背景技术
蒸汽轮机设备通常从经济角度来确定尺寸。尤其在用于产生电能的蒸汽轮机设备中，为了实现最高的效率而借助极其大的功率单元做功。此外，效率应当在尽可能大的功率范围上是恒定的。为此已知将进汽、尤其是低压进汽馈入到中压蒸汽轮机或者低压蒸汽轮机中。如果例如以部分负荷运行的方式来运行蒸汽轮机，那么只要以恒定的压力提供进汽，所述进汽就必须在馈入部位上被节流。
在组合式燃气和蒸汽轮机设备中，在多个压力级上在三个压力过程中产生蒸汽，例如新鲜蒸汽、中压进汽和低压进汽。在此，通常应用具有高的硫含量的燃料。在此，必需提高低压进汽的压强，以便防止由于燃料的高的硫含量而引起在蒸汽发生器的热交换面上冷凝出硫酸。相反，低压进汽必须相应地在馈入部位上被节流。在此，不利的是：借助进汽的节流而消耗能量，即蒸汽的在循环过程中做功的能力下降，由此降低整个蒸汽动力过程的效率。
发明内容
本发明基于下述目的，提供一种蒸汽轮机设备，其中克服上述问题并且尤其尽可能地避免节流损失。此外，本发明的目的是提出一种用于驱动蒸汽轮机设备的方法，其中尤其尽可能地避免节流损失。
根据本发明，借助蒸汽轮机设备来实现所述目的。此外，借助根据本发明的方法来实现所述目的。本发明的有利的改进形式在下文中描述。
在具有蒸汽轮机和用于对蒸汽消耗器进行供给的具有进汽收集管道部段的进汽收集管道的蒸汽轮机设备中，进汽收集管道在进汽收集管道部段的进汽导入部位处导入到蒸汽轮机的废蒸汽流中，并且蒸汽馈入装置在蒸汽轮机上设有切换阀，蒸汽馈入装置借助所述切换阀在进汽导入部位的上游连接到进汽收集管道部段上并且所述切换阀能够被控制地切换成，使得当在进汽收集管道部段中废蒸汽压强小于额定压强时，进汽收集管道部段与蒸汽馈入装置以传导蒸汽的方式连接并且在切换阀和进汽导入部位之间中断，否则蒸汽馈入装置与进汽收集管道部段分开。
根据本发明，在进汽收集管道部段中低于额定压强的情况下，切换阀被切换成，使得蒸汽轮机经由蒸汽馈入装置加载馈入蒸汽。如果蒸汽轮机的废蒸汽压强相当于额定值或者位于其上，那么蒸汽馈入装置与进汽收集管道部段分开，并且蒸汽轮机不经由蒸汽馈入装置得到馈入蒸汽。如果以部分负荷驱动蒸汽轮机设备，由此蒸汽轮机内部中的压强相应地下降，或者如果在驱动耦联到蒸汽轮机设备上的燃气轮机设备时应用含大量的硫的燃料，其中通常提高低压蒸汽压强，以便防止凝结出硫酸进而防止腐蚀余热锅炉的构件，那么借助于切换阀能够经由蒸汽馈入装置而在上游导入进汽并且在蒸汽轮机中降压。
蒸汽馈入装置优选在蒸汽轮机的不同的级上具有多个蒸汽馈入部位，并且蒸汽馈入装置能够被激活，使得仅在下述蒸汽馈入部位上对馈入蒸汽进行馈入，在所述蒸汽馈入部位上，虽然在蒸汽轮机之内的导入位置处的压强与馈入蒸汽本身的压强相比更高，但是压强差最小。因此，馈入蒸汽馈入到蒸汽轮机中，使得对馈入蒸汽必要时所需要进行的节流不是必需的，由此根据本发明的蒸汽轮机设备没有不必要的节流损失。
在蒸汽轮机的负载下降时优选蒸汽馈入装置被激活，使得从构成在蒸汽轮机的设置在废蒸汽侧的级上的蒸汽馈入部位开始，蒸汽馈入装置激活构成在蒸汽轮机的、设置在上游的相邻级上的蒸汽馈入部位。优选地，在蒸汽轮机的负载增大时蒸汽馈入装置被激活，使得从构成在蒸汽轮机的设置在上游的级上的蒸汽馈入部位开始，蒸汽馈入装置激活构成在蒸汽轮机的、设置在废蒸汽侧的相邻级上的蒸汽馈入部位。
优选中压蒸汽轮机或者低压蒸汽轮机设置为蒸汽轮机设备的蒸汽消耗器。
此外优选的是，切换阀的用于连接和分开蒸汽馈入装置的开度特征曲线和/或用于连接和分开进汽收集管道部段的开度特征曲线是线性的、递进的或者递减的。
用于驱动蒸汽轮机设备的方法，优选具有下述步骤：提供蒸汽轮机设备；确定进汽收集管道的额定压强；-切换阀切换成，使得当在进汽收集管道部段中废蒸汽压强小于额定压强时，进汽收集管道部段与蒸汽馈入装置以传导蒸汽的方式连接并且在切换阀和进汽导入部位之间中断；或者切换阀切换成，使得当在进汽收集管道部段中废蒸汽压强大于或者等于额定压强时，蒸汽馈入装置与切换阀分开，并且进汽直接地由进汽收集管道部段输送到进汽导入部位处。
在所述方法中，还优选的是，蒸汽馈入装置在蒸汽轮机的不同的级上具有多个蒸汽馈入部位，并且蒸汽馈入装置被激活，使得仅在下述蒸汽馈入部位上对馈入蒸汽进行馈入，在所述蒸汽馈入部位上，在蒸汽轮机之内的馈入位置处的压强和所述馈入蒸汽本身之间的压强差最小。在此，在蒸汽轮机的负载下降时蒸汽馈入装置优选被激活，使得从构成在蒸汽轮机的设置在废蒸汽侧的级上的蒸汽馈入部位开始，蒸汽馈入装置激活构成在蒸汽轮机的、设置在上游的相邻级上的蒸汽馈入部位。在蒸汽轮机的负载增大时蒸汽馈入装置优选被激活，使得从构成在蒸汽轮机的设置在上游的级上的蒸汽馈入部位开始，蒸汽馈入装置激活构成在蒸汽轮机的、设置在废蒸汽侧的相邻级上的蒸汽馈入部位。
附图说明
下面，根据所附的示意图阐明根据本发明的燃气轮机设备或者蒸汽轮机设备的一个优选的实施形式。附图示出具有可变的蒸汽馈入装置的燃气和蒸汽轮机设备。
具体实施方式
在图中示出经由余热锅炉2与燃气轮机设备3耦联的蒸汽轮机设备1。余热锅炉2包括具有新鲜蒸汽收集管道14的高压蒸汽系统4、具有中压进汽收集管道15的中压蒸汽系统5、具有低压进汽收集管道16的低压蒸汽系统6以及多个热交换器7。
在余热锅炉2中，借助于热交换器7将燃气轮机设备3的热废气的热能输出给各自所属的锅炉设备8、9和10用于产生蒸汽。在锅炉设备8、9和10中产生的蒸汽用于驱动高压蒸汽涡轮机11、中压蒸汽涡轮机12和低压蒸汽涡轮机13。
高压蒸汽涡轮机11和中压蒸汽涡轮机12借助蒸汽收集管道14和15中的各一个而分别与相应的蒸汽系统4或5耦联。此外，中压进汽收集管道15具有再热器20，借助于所述再热器在余热锅炉2中使中压蒸汽过热以提高蒸汽轮机设备1的效率。中压蒸汽由在锅炉设备9中产生的中压进汽和高压蒸汽涡轮机11的废蒸汽组成。过热的中压蒸汽从再热器20经由中压蒸汽收集管道22流至中压蒸汽涡轮机12。
低压进汽从锅炉设备10经由低压进汽收集管道16流至切换阀17。在低压进汽收集管道16中的进汽的压强当前为4.2bar。在驱动燃气轮机设备3时应用高硫含量的燃料的情况下，提高低压进汽的压强，使得防止在热交换器7的热交换面上冷凝出硫酸进而防止腐蚀热交换面。由此，在低压进汽收集管道16中得到例如8bar的压强。
此外，低压进汽管道16具有低压进汽收集管道部段19，在所述低压进汽收集管道部段上构造进汽导入部位21。低压进汽经由进汽导入部位21通过低压进汽收集管道部段19借助中压涡轮机12的废蒸汽来馈入。
切换阀17分配有(未示出的)控制装置，所述控制装置构建成，在尤其由于中压蒸汽涡轮机12的部分负荷运行而导致中压蒸汽涡轮机12的废蒸汽压强低于预设的额定值例如为4bar时，对切换阀进行切换，使得进汽经由切换阀17流至蒸汽馈入装置18。如果例如中压蒸汽涡轮机12的运行状态从全负荷运行下降到全负荷的60％的部分负荷运行，那么废蒸汽压强也相应地下降，即废蒸汽压强下降到全负荷时的废蒸汽压强的60％。由此，低于额定值并且切换阀17被切换，由此进汽流至蒸汽馈入装置18，所述进汽作为馈入蒸汽经由所述蒸汽馈入装置流到中压涡轮机12中。因此，进汽在中压涡轮机12中从低压进汽收集管道16中的压力水平减压到进汽导入部位21上的压力水平并进而利用能量。
蒸汽馈入装置18具有多个蒸汽馈入部位(未示出)，在所述蒸汽馈入部位中仅最多一个被激活。这就是说，总是仅在一个蒸汽馈入部位上进行蒸汽输送。在此，下述蒸汽馈入部位被激活，在所述蒸汽馈入部位上蒸汽涡轮机工艺蒸汽的压强与馈入蒸汽的压强大致相同。这实现馈入蒸汽的几乎未节流的馈入，由此避免由于节流引起的附加的节流损失。由于流动损失，进汽在经过切换阀17之后与低压进汽收集管道16中的压强相比，在所述蒸汽馈入部位上具有稍微更低的压强，例如为4bar。
如果由控制装置测量的废蒸汽压强大于或者等于额定值，那么切换阀17被切换成，使得进汽流经由低压进汽收集管道部段19流至低压蒸汽涡轮机13。然后，在低压进汽收集管道部段19中，在进汽导入部位21处，中压涡轮机12的之前减压到4bar的废蒸汽和低压进汽收集管道16的当前同样具有4bar压强的蒸汽共同流动并且流至低压涡轮机13。

Claims (10)

1.蒸汽轮机设备(1)，具有蒸汽轮机(12)和用于对蒸汽消耗器进行供给的具有进汽收集管道部段(19)的进汽收集管道(16)，
其中所述进汽收集管道(16)在所述进汽收集管道部段(19)的进汽导入部位(21)处导入到所述蒸汽轮机(12)的废蒸汽流中，并且蒸汽馈入装置(18)在所述蒸汽轮机(12)上设有切换阀(17)，所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)借助所述切换阀(17)在所述进汽导入部位(21)的上游连接到所述进汽收集管道部段(19)上并且所述切换阀(17)能够被控制地切换成，使得当在所述进汽收集管道部段(19)中废蒸汽压强小于额定压强时，所述进汽收集管道部段(19)以传导蒸汽的方式与所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)连接并且在所述切换阀(17)和所述进汽导入部位(21)之间中断，否则所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)与所述进汽收集管道部段(19)分开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蒸汽轮机设备(1)，其中所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的不同的级上具有多个蒸汽馈入部位，并且所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)能够被激活，使得仅在下述蒸汽馈入部位上对馈入蒸汽进行馈入，在所述蒸汽馈入部位上，在所述蒸汽轮机之内的导入位置处的压强和所述馈入蒸汽本身之间的压强差最小。
3.根据权利要求2所述的蒸汽轮机设备(1)，其中在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的负载下降时所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)被激活，使得从构成在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的设置在废蒸汽侧的级上的所述蒸汽馈入部位开始，所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)激活构成在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的设置在上游的相邻级上的蒸汽馈入部位。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的蒸汽轮机设备(1)，其中在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的负载增大时所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)被激活，使得从构成在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的设置在上游的级上的蒸汽馈入部位开始，所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)激活构成在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的设置在废蒸汽侧的相邻级上的蒸汽馈入部位。
5.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的蒸汽轮机设备(1)，其中所述蒸汽消耗器是中压蒸汽轮机或者低压蒸汽轮机(13)。
6.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的蒸汽轮机设备(1)，其中所述切换阀(17)的用于连接和分开所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)的开度特征曲线和/或用于连接和分开所述进汽收集管道部段(19)的开度特征曲线是线性的、递进的或者递减的。
7.用于驱动根据权利要求1至6之一所述的蒸汽轮机设备(1)的方法，具有下述步骤：
-提供根据权利要求1至6之一所述的蒸汽轮机设备(1)；
-确定所述进汽收集管道(16)的额定压强；
-切换所述切换阀(17)，使得当在所述进汽收集管道部段(19)中废蒸汽压强小于额定压强时，所述进汽收集管道部段(19)以传导蒸汽的方式与所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)连接并且在所述切换阀(17)和所述进汽导入部位(21)之间中断，或者
-切换所述切换阀(17)，使得当在所述进汽收集管道部段(19)中废蒸汽压强大于或者等于额定压强时，所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)与所述切换阀(17)分开，并且进汽直接地由所述进汽收集管道部段(19)输送到所述进汽导入部位(21)处。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的不同的级上具有多个蒸汽馈入部位，并且所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)被激活，使得仅在下述蒸汽馈入部位上进行馈入蒸汽的馈入，在所述蒸汽馈入部位上，在所述蒸汽轮机之内的馈入位置处的压强和所述馈入蒸汽本身之间的压强差最小。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其中在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的负载下降时所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)被激活，使得从构成在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的设置在废蒸汽侧的级上的所述蒸汽馈入部位开始，所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)激活构成在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的设置在上游的相邻级上的蒸汽馈入部位。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其中在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的负载增大时所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)被激活，使得从构成在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的设置在上游的级上的蒸汽馈入部位开始，所述蒸汽馈入装置(18)激活构成在所述蒸汽轮机(12)的设置在废蒸汽侧的相邻级上的蒸汽馈入部位。
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