CN103196945A - Condensation heat-transfer experiment device capable of realizing coupling of natural circulation and forced circulation - Google Patents
Condensation heat-transfer experiment device capable of realizing coupling of natural circulation and forced circulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a condensation heat-transfer experiment device capable of realizing the coupling of natural circulation and forced circulation. The condensation heat-transfer experiment device mainly comprises a steam supply system, an air supply system, a helium gas supply system, a natural circulation cooling system, a forced circulation cooling system, a condensing experiment body and a data measurement and acquisition system. The non-condensable gas containing extra-steam-pipe external condensation heat transfer experiment research under natural circulation and forced circulation cooling conditions and the experiment research on the heat extraction and flow characteristics of a natural circulation system under the conditions that the heating power is stable and changed can be realized. The device can monitor the experiment data in real time and continuously measure the condensation characteristics under different mixed gas compositions, and therefore, the device carries out measurement accurately and carries out data processing rapidly. In addition, the degree of visibility of a whole system is extremely high; and through the observation on experimental phenomena, the understanding on experimental processes and the in-depth study on heat transfer and flow mechanisms are facilitated.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of condensing heat-exchange experimental provision, particularly a kind of condensing heat-exchange experimental provision of realizing Natural Circulation and forced circulation coupling.
Background technology
A kind of heat transfer form that condensation heat transfer took place when referring to that steam contacts with the wall that is lower than saturation temperature.Because condensation heat transfer can obtain the very high coefficient of heat transfer from the lower temperature difference, thereby is widely used in numerous areas such as power, chemical industry, refrigeration and nuclear energy.It is significant to improving exchanger heat efficient to strengthen steam condensing heat-exchange ability, yet fouling gass such as air have had strong inhibitory effects to condensation heat transfer, air such as massfraction in water vapour 1% just can make heat transfer coefficient reduce by 60%, so its quantitative examination is the research focus of thermal conduction study and association area in recent years always.
In addition, traditional type of cooling is to drive chilled water by pump to flow through in heat-transfer pipe, and the forced circulation mode that steam condenses outside pipe, but along with the proposition of non-active concept, and one of focus that cooling become research is provided by natural circulation mode.So, is there influence in the different types of cooling to the intensity of condensing heat-exchange? is which kind of type of cooling more stable, reliable? under different application conditions, adopt which kind of type of cooling more reasonable? these all are the problems that is worth us conscientiously to study.
At the steam condensing heat-exchange research that contains fouling gas, experiment is irreplaceable important channel, and experimental provision then is to obtain the hardware facility that authentic data must lean on.But from document and the patent of publishing, the condensation test device that proposes can only be finished the experimental study of pure steam mostly at present, or the experiment of the mixed gas under the single type of cooling.As: the non-passive safety shell heat of the H.Liu of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is derived experimental provision (H.Liu, N.E.Todreas, M.T.Driscoll.An experimental investigation of passive cooling unit for nuclear plant containment[J] .Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2000,199:243-255.) condensation test that only can finish under the Natural Circulation is studied; And the VERTICAL TUBE condensed exterior experimental provision that contains inconduc of the Dehbi of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (Dehbi.The Effects of Non-condensable Gases on Steam Condensation under Turbulent Natural Convection Conditions, 1991.) only can be finished the condensation test research under the forced circulation.And also there is following defective in above-mentioned experimental provision: (1) is located at experiment body inside with vapour source, need very big hydrospace to keep the stability of DATA REASONING, cause the experiment body bulky, experiment place, cylinder strength and sealing are all had high requirements; If experiment body volume is less, frequent moisturizing will make system pressure produce fluctuation, even can't stablize at all, can not satisfy the measuring accuracy requirement.(2) for the Natural Circulation test unit of H.Liu, the condensing heat-exchange amount is to determine by the latent heat of vaporization total amount of saturation water in the water tank, cause the experiment initial temperature of cooling medium to be necessary for saturation temperature, therefore can't in relative broad range, study heat exchanger tube wall degree of supercooling to the influence of condensing heat-exchange.(3) experimental provision of H.Liu is primarily aimed at heat exchange research, does not consider thermodynamic property and the flow characteristics of outside natural circulation cooling system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of condensing heat-exchange experimental provision that can be used for studying the realized Natural Circulation that contains the polycomponent fouling gas and forced circulation coupling.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Mainly comprise steam supply system, air supply system, helium supply system, natural circulation cooling system, forced circulation cooling system, condensation test body and DATA REASONING and acquisition system; Described steam supply system mainly is made up of boiler and flowmeter, and by the steam that boiler produces, the steam-flow meter of flowing through enters condensation test body shell-side; Described air supply system mainly is made up of air compressor, gas-holder, oil-gas separator, and air compressor is inflated to gas-holder, and air enters condensation test body shell-side through oil-gas separator; Described helium supply system mainly is made up of high pressure helium gas cylinder and reduction valve, and helium enters condensation test body shell-side after the reduction valve decompression; Mixed gas is after condensation test body shell-side is finished heat exchange, and lime set flow in the lime set jar below the condensation test body, is discharged by discharge pipe line at last; Natural circulation cooling system mainly is made up of elevated tank, electromagnetic flowmeter, visualized experiment section, under the driving of cold and hot section density difference, chilled water in the elevated tank enters after condensation test body pipe side finishes heat exchange along the pipeline electromagnetic flowmeter of flowing through downwards, and the visualized experiment section of upwards flowing through is got back to elevated tank; The forced circulation cooling system mainly is made up of pond, water pump, flowmeter, filtrator, buffer tank, enter and return the pond after condensation test body pipe side is finished heat exchange through filtrator, flowmeter, buffer tank successively after chilled water is extracted out from the pond by water pump, flow is by the control of pipe side outlet variable valve.
The present invention can also comprise:
1, the connecting line of natural circulation cooling system and condensation test body pipe side is provided with the Natural Circulation pipe valve, the connecting line of forced circulation cooling system and condensation test body pipe side is provided with forced circulation pipeline valve, switching realization condensation test body shell-side environmental facies while Natural Circulation by Natural Circulation pipe valve and forced circulation pipeline valve is cooled off measurement, the analysis of the condensation heat transfer characteristics that cools off with forced circulation and is compared raising contrast experiment's accuracy.
2, the ascent stage of natural circulation cooling system is adopted transparent pyroceram structure, is used for the two-phase flow pattern of observation of nature circulation, follows the trail of the flash distillation initial point position of rising pipeline section etc.
3, the Natural Circulation cooling water tank changes the Natural Circulation discrepancy in elevation and circulation drive ram by changing the mode of suspension height, is used under the different circulation drive ram of research the flow resistance characteristics of Natural Circulation and out-tubular condensing heat transfer characteristic.
4, steam outlet place that water separator, top is installed, described Natural Circulation cooling water tank bottom is equipped with U-shaped sealing structure for water.Water separator prevents that the high speed two-phase fluid at tank entry place from impacting; U-shaped sealing structure for water realizes that the headroom of water tank is to the unidirectional conducting of atmospheric environment.
5, Natural Circulation cooling water tank side is equipped with view window, can directly observe the interior water quality situation of water tank, carbonated drink separation case, liquid fluctuating situation etc.
6, the differing heights at the Natural Circulation cooling water tank all is furnished with the temperature sampling point, is used for monitoring and the Temperature Distribution situation of studying chilled water in the water tank.
7, in Natural Circulation cooling water tank inside electric heater unit is installed, can heats chilled water to predetermined experiment initial temperature.Be used in relative broad range the research cooling water inlet temperature to the influence of natural-circulation capacity and condensing heat-exchange ability, and the starting characteristic of Natural Circulation under the different temperature in.
8, described DATA REASONING and acquisition system comprise temperature measurement system, pressure-measuring system, helium purity analysis system;
Temperature measurement system is made up of the thermopair of measuring following temperature everywhere: the temperature at steam-flow meter outlet and condensation test body air intake opening place, the main flow of mixed gas and the water tank out temperature that experiment tube outside wall temperature, experiment tube out temperature, lime set jar coagulate coolant-temperature gage, natural circulation cooling system, the cooling water temperature at rising pipeline section place, the Temperature Distribution of the interior chilled water of Natural Circulation water tank;
Pressure-measuring system is made up of the instrument of measuring following pressure everywhere: the gaseous tension in the condensation test body, the vapor pressure at steam-flow meter place, forced circulation cooling system experiment tube export and the inlet and outlet pressure of the pressure at buffer tank place, natural circulation cooling system water tank, water tank in the pressure, the pressure at rising pipeline section place of headroom;
The accounting of helium in inconduc directly reads by online helium purity analysis system, and according to mixture pressure and main flow temperature, directly calculates mixed gas composition;
Temperature, flow and pressure data signal are all analyzed, store, are shown by data acquisition system (DAS) input PC, realize the real-time monitoring to experiment condition simultaneously.
9, single condensation heat transfer pipe or installation condensation tube bank are installed in the agglutination,cold test body.
The invention provides a kind of experimental provision that can be used for studying the steam condensation heat transfer characteristic that contains the polycomponent fouling gas, a kind of condensing heat-exchange experimental provision of realizing the coupling of Natural Circulation and forced circulation particularly, can carry out the vertical single tube of multiple size, structural shape and the out-tubular condensing local heat transfer of tube bank, and cycling hot force characteristic, flow resistance characteristics and the Study on Startup of natural cycle system.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: can realize under Natural Circulation and the forced circulation cooling condition, contain the steam pipe condensed exterior heat transfer experiment research of fouling gas, and heating power is stable and change condition under, the heat extraction of natural cycle system and the experimental study of flow characteristics.This device can be realized: (1) carries out out-tubular condensing heat transfer experiment research to vertical single tube and the tube bank of different size and structural shape under the different condition of mixed gases matching; (2) conversion fast between cooling medium Natural Circulation and forced circulation, it is identical to be used for experimental situation, the comparative study that the circulate coolant mode is different; (3) adjusting on a large scale of cooling water temperature can be studied when containing inconduc heat exchanger tube wall degree of supercooling for the influence of condensation heat transfer characteristics in very wide scope; (4) under the Natural Circulation condition, by modes such as visualization structure, intensive arrangement parameter measuring points, thermodynamic property, flow characteristics and the starting characteristic of research Natural Circulation; (5) be provided with steam-water separator and water seal arrangement, the stability when having improved the natural cycle system operation greatly and with the unidirectional conducting of atmospheric environment.(6) the visual degree height of total system by the observation to experimental phenomena, helps to the understanding of experimentation and to conducting heat and the further investigation of flow mechanism.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of this experimental provision.
Fig. 2 a is the external structure synoptic diagram of Natural Circulation water tank.
Fig. 2 b is the inner structure synoptic diagram of Natural Circulation water tank.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail for example below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
In conjunction with Fig. 1, one-piece construction is mainly by boiler 1, vortex shedding flow meter 2, vent valve 3, air compressor 4, gas-holder 5, oil-gas separator 6, high pressure helium gas cylinder 7, reduction valve 8, lime set jar 9, drain valve 10, condensation test body 11, Natural Circulation water tank 12, electromagnetic flowmeter 13, condensation test section 14, Natural Circulation pipe valve 15, visualized experiment pipeline section 16, pond 17, cooling water circulating pump 18, filtrator 19, flowmeter 20, buffer tank 21, forced circulation pipeline valve 22, flow control valve 23, Gas Sampling Valve 24, helium purity analysis instrument 25 and pressure measuring instruments and temperature-measuring element connect to form.
In conjunction with Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 b, the Natural Circulation water tank comprises: U-shaped sealing structure for water 26, steam outlet 27, view window 28, cooling medium ascending tube line interface 29, cooling medium down pipe line interface 30, water tank drain valve interface 31, thermocouple temperature measurement interface 32, steam- water separator 33 and 34 electric heaters.
Be used for pure steam condensing heat-exchange experiment, its technical scheme 1 is: for forced circulation cooling experiment, at first close Natural Circulation pipe valve 15, open forced circulation pipeline valve 22, start water circulating pump 18, chilled water is by smoking in the pond 17, flow through successively and enter condensation test pipe 14 behind filtrator 19, flowmeter 20, the buffer tank 21, behind intraductal heat exchange, return the pond, flow is regulated by outlet regulating valve 23.For Natural Circulation cooling experiment, at first open natural convection loop valve 22, close forced circulation loop valve 13, chilled water in the cyclic water tank 12 is under the driving of cold and hot section density difference, the electromagnetic flowmeter 13 of flowing through enters condensation test pipe 14, through visual rising pipeline section 16, get back to cyclic water tank 12 again.For steam side, start boiler 1, and open steam valve and draining valve 10, vapor stream enters atmospheric environment through vapour line, condensation test body 11 and lime set jar 9, with the air in this emptying condensation test body 11.After half an hour, close draining valve 10, rising boiler pressure and cooling water flow be to predetermined value, treat that the major parameters such as temperature, pressure of experimental system are stable after, by data acquisition system (DAS), read in and analyze related data.Steam coagulates water and flows into lime set jar 9 in experiment tube 14 surface condensation.When coagulating the water water level above predetermined value, by drain valve 10 dischargings.
Be used for containing the steam condensing heat-exchange experiment of air, its technical scheme 2 is: the Natural Circulation of chilled water and forced circulation are all with technical scheme 1.Air side starts air compressor 4 and boosts to gas-holder 5 inflations, opens air valve then, and air enters condensation test body 11 through oil-gas separator 6, until reaching predetermined pressure.Steam side starts boiler 1, treat that pressure is elevated to experimental pressure after, open steam valve, steam enters the condensation test body through flowmeter 2, fully mixes with air.Data acquisition plan and coagulate the water emission scenary with technical scheme 1.
This device changes gas composition by the following technical programs: open vent valve 3, and the mixed gas in the discharging experiment body 11, and the saturated vapour that boiler 1 produces is supplemented in the condensation test body 11, makes that the air accounting in the experiment body 11 reduces.After the mixed gas temperature is elevated to predetermined temperature, close vent valve 3.Wait to test temperature, the pressure and other parameters of mixed gass in the body 11 stable after, calculate the accounting of air in the mixed gas, use this technical scheme, can be implemented in the air accounting from high to low under the condition of sequential change, manage the research of outer steam condensation heat transfer characteristics.
Be used for containing the steam condensing heat-exchange experiment of air, helium, its technical scheme 3 is: the Natural Circulation of chilled water and forced circulation are all with technical scheme 1, and air side is moved with technical scheme 2.The helium side is regulated reduction valve 8, and helium enters condensation test body 11 from high-pressure gas cylinder 7, closes reduction valve 8 after reaching predetermined pressure.The operating scheme of steam side and mixing gas component change scheme with technical scheme 2.
In the helium survey system, open Gas Sampling Valve 24, mixed gas enters helium purity analysis system 25 along sampling line, can realize the online real-time demonstration to the accounting of helium.
Above-described only is preferred implementation of the present invention, should be pointed out that the partial structurtes of experimental provision can be made corresponding adjustment and refinement according to concrete requirement, does not enumerate one by one at this.In addition, for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the condensing heat-exchange experimental provision that can realize Natural Circulation and forced circulation coupling is characterized in that: mainly comprise steam supply system, air supply system, helium supply system, natural circulation cooling system, forced circulation cooling system, condensation test body and DATA REASONING and acquisition system; Described steam supply system mainly is made up of boiler and flowmeter, and by the steam that boiler produces, the steam-flow meter of flowing through enters condensation test body shell-side; Described air supply system mainly is made up of air compressor, gas-holder, oil-gas separator, and air compressor is inflated to gas-holder, and air enters condensation test body shell-side through oil-gas separator; Described helium supply system mainly is made up of high pressure helium gas cylinder and reduction valve, and helium enters condensation test body shell-side after the reduction valve decompression; Mixed gas is after condensation test body shell-side is finished heat exchange, and lime set flow in the lime set jar below the condensation test body, is discharged by discharge pipe line at last; Natural circulation cooling system mainly is made up of elevated tank, electromagnetic flowmeter, visualized experiment section, under the driving of cold and hot section density difference, chilled water in the elevated tank enters after condensation test body pipe side finishes heat exchange along the pipeline electromagnetic flowmeter of flowing through downwards, and the visualized experiment section of upwards flowing through is got back to elevated tank; The forced circulation cooling system mainly is made up of pond, water pump, flowmeter, filtrator, buffer tank, enter and return the pond after condensation test body pipe side is finished heat exchange through filtrator, flowmeter, buffer tank successively after chilled water is extracted out from the pond by water pump, flow is by the control of pipe side outlet variable valve.
2. the condensing heat-exchange experimental provision of realizing the coupling of Natural Circulation and forced circulation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the connecting line of natural circulation cooling system and condensation test body pipe side is provided with the Natural Circulation pipe valve, the connecting line of forced circulation cooling system and condensation test body pipe side is provided with forced circulation pipeline valve, the switching by Natural Circulation pipe valve and forced circulation pipeline valve realize the Natural Circulation cooling simultaneously of condensation test body shell-side environmental facies and the condensation heat transfer characteristics of forced circulation cooling measurement, analyze and compare.
3. the condensing heat-exchange experimental provision of realizing Natural Circulation and forced circulation coupling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the transparent pyroceram structure of ascent stage employing of natural circulation cooling system.
4. the condensing heat-exchange experimental provision of realizing the coupling of Natural Circulation and forced circulation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the steam outlet place that described Natural Circulation cooling water tank bottom is equipped with water separator, top is equipped with U-shaped sealing structure for water.
5. the condensing heat-exchange experimental provision of realizing the coupling of Natural Circulation and forced circulation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: Natural Circulation cooling water tank side is equipped with view window, all is furnished with the temperature sampling point at the differing heights of Natural Circulation cooling water tank.
6. the condensing heat-exchange experimental provision of realizing the coupling of Natural Circulation and forced circulation according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in Natural Circulation cooling water tank inside electric heater unit is installed, the heating chilled water is to predetermined experiment initial temperature, be used in relative broad range the research cooling water inlet temperature to the influence of natural-circulation capacity and condensing heat-exchange ability, and the starting characteristic of Natural Circulation under the different temperature in.
7. the condensing heat-exchange experimental provision of realizing the coupling of Natural Circulation and forced circulation according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described DATA REASONING and acquisition system comprise temperature measurement system, pressure-measuring system, helium purity analysis system;
Temperature measurement system is made up of the thermopair of measuring following temperature everywhere: the temperature at steam-flow meter outlet and condensation test body air intake opening place, the main flow of mixed gas and the water tank out temperature that experiment tube outside wall temperature, experiment tube out temperature, lime set jar coagulate coolant-temperature gage, natural circulation cooling system, the cooling water temperature at rising pipeline section place, the Temperature Distribution of the interior chilled water of Natural Circulation water tank;
Pressure-measuring system is made up of the instrument of measuring following pressure everywhere: the gaseous tension in the condensation test body, the vapor pressure at steam-flow meter place, forced circulation cooling system experiment tube export and the inlet and outlet pressure of the pressure at buffer tank place, natural circulation cooling system water tank, water tank in the pressure, the pressure at rising pipeline section place of headroom;
The accounting of helium in inconduc directly reads by online helium purity analysis system, and according to mixture pressure and main flow temperature, directly calculates mixed gas composition;
Temperature, flow and pressure data signal are all analyzed, store, are shown by data acquisition system (DAS) input PC, realize the real-time monitoring to experiment condition simultaneously.
8. the condensing heat-exchange experimental provision of realizing Natural Circulation and forced circulation coupling according to claim 7 is characterized in that: single condensation heat transfer pipe is installed in the agglutination,cold test body or the condensation tube bank is installed.
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