CN103189603B - 集成有再热器的直流锅炉 - Google Patents

集成有再热器的直流锅炉 Download PDF

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CN103189603B
CN103189603B CN201180048263.4A CN201180048263A CN103189603B CN 103189603 B CN103189603 B CN 103189603B CN 201180048263 A CN201180048263 A CN 201180048263A CN 103189603 B CN103189603 B CN 103189603B
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heat
carrying agent
direct current
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container
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CN103189603A (zh
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J.布鲁克纳
J.弗兰克
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Siemens AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/003Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having a Rankine cycle
    • F03G6/005Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • F03G6/067Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/006Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/061Construction of tube walls
    • F22B29/062Construction of tube walls involving vertically-disposed water tubes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22GSUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G7/00Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种直流锅炉(19),其具有容器(20),该容器具有载热介质入口(21)和载热介质出口(22),在载热介质入口(21)和载热介质出口(22)之间设置有载热介质通道(23),载热介质在所述载热介质通道(23)中流动;所述直流锅炉(19)还具有安置在载热介质通道内的锅炉管道(24),其中,锅炉管道(24)的第一部分(25)设计为由过热器管道(26)和再热器管道(27)构成的系统,并且锅炉管道(24)的第二部分(28)设计为由预热器管道(29)和蒸发器管道(30)构成的系统,并且第一部分(25)沿着载热介质的流动方向设置在第二部分(28)之前。本发明还涉及一种具有直流锅炉(19)和汽水分离系统(33)的蒸汽发生装置(34)。本发明还涉及一种太阳能发电站设备。

Description

集成有再热器的直流锅炉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有集成在内的再热器的强制直流锅炉,尤其用于太阳能发电设备。
背景技术
太阳能发电站是传统发电站的可选替代方案。当前,太阳能发电站例如借助塔式聚光器和间接蒸发器实施,其中载热介质通过太阳照射被加热,并且其能量在连接于之后的热交换器(锅炉)中被释放给水-蒸汽-循环回路的工作介质,其中所产生的蒸汽被输入蒸汽涡轮机。太阳能塔设计方案的可选替代方案可以是具有抛物线槽式聚光器或菲涅尔聚光器的发电站,其中太阳能不是集中在塔上,而是载热介质在同心于焦线延伸的管中被加热。
上述锅炉如今这样实施,其例如由四个部件(预热器、蒸发器、过热器和再热器)构成。其缺点在于,这种构造方式对于锅炉部件自身和所需的附加的管道系统来说都需要较高的成本。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种廉价的锅炉。此外,本发明所要解决的技术问题还在于提供一种廉价的蒸汽发生装置和低成本的太阳能发电设备。
按照本发明所述技术问题通过一种直流锅炉解决,该直流锅炉具有容器,该容器具有载热介质入口和载热介质出口,其中,在载热介质入口和载热介质出口之间设置有载热介质通道,载热介质在所述载热介质通道中流动;所述直流锅炉还具有安置在载热介质通道内的锅炉管道,其中,锅炉管道的第一部分设计为由过热器管道和再热器管道构成的系统,并且锅炉管道的第二部分设计为由预热管道和蒸发器管道构成的系统,并且第一部分沿着载热介质的流动方向设置在第二部分之前,其中,所述容器是压力容器,其中,整个蒸汽发生、包括再热在一个压力容器中进行。在所述直流锅炉中,整个蒸汽发生(包括再热)在一个组件中进行,这能够大幅降低成本。在当前已知的锅炉的实施形式中,需要至少两个压力容器(预热器+蒸发器+过热器和单独的再热器),最多甚至需要四个压力容器。
过热器管道和再热器管道优选在载热介质侧布线成一个加热面。由此构成直流锅炉非常紧凑的构造形式。
所述锅炉的容器恰当地为压力容器。
此外有利的是,如此设置所述压力容器,使得载热介质从上向下流过压力容器。
载热介质优选是熔盐,因为盐是无毒的、廉价的并且在熔化状态中能够不加压地储存。
在优选的实施形式中,过热器管道和再热器管道沿着载热介质的流动方向交替并列地布置在容器中。
在一种可选的实施形式中,过热器管道和再热器管道交替衔接地布置在容器中。
按照本发明的锅炉装置除了包括按照本发明的锅炉以外,还有利地包括汽水分离系统,其中锅炉管道的第一部分在流动介质侧连接在汽水分离系统之后。
在此,锅炉管道的第二部分在流动介质侧连接在汽水分离系统之前。
此外有利的是,与蒸发器管道平行邻接的过热器管道在流动侧直接连接在汽水分离系统之后。
在此按照一种特别有利的结构设计,具有所述锅炉的蒸汽发生装置集成在配备间接蒸发器的太阳能发电站中。
在一种可选的结构设计中,具有所述锅炉的蒸汽发生装置集成在配备抛物线槽式聚光器的太阳能发电站中。
在一种可选的结构设计中,具有所述锅炉的蒸汽发生装置集成在配备菲涅尔聚光器的太阳能发电站中。
附图说明
结合附图示范性进一步阐述本发明。在附图中示意性并且未按比例尺地显示:
图1示出具有间接蒸发器的太阳能塔发电站。
图2示出具有按照本发明的强制直流式锅炉和汽水分离器的蒸汽发生装置,该强制直流式锅炉具有集成在内的再热器。
具体实施方式
图1示意地和示范性地示出太阳能塔发电站1。其包括太阳能塔2,在其垂直的上端设置吸收器3。具有多个日光反射器5的日光反射区4在地面上环绕太阳能塔2。具有日光反射器5的日光反射区4用于聚焦直射的太阳光线6。其中各个单独的日光反射器5这样设置和定向,使得由太阳直射的太阳光线6以集中的太阳光线7的形式聚焦在吸收器3上。由此在太阳能塔发电站1中,太阳光线通过各个跟踪镜(日光反射器5)构成的区域集中在太阳能塔2的顶点上。吸收器3将光线转化为热能并且将热能释放至载热介质,例如熔盐或热油,载热介质将热量导入具有蒸汽涡轮机9的传统的发电站过程8中。
为了将热量传递至传统的发电站过程8中的工作器件上,其中,具有一个或多个压力梯级10、11、12的蒸汽涡轮机9通常被连入水-蒸汽-循环回路13中,由冷凝器14而来的给水被引导通过不同的热交换器15、16、17。热交换器15、16、17的功能是预热器15、蒸发器16和过热器17。此外,为了提升发电站的整体功率,在蒸汽涡轮机9的高压部分10中被降压并且稍微冷却的蒸汽通常在进入中间压力部分11之前在另一热交换器18中被再加热。为了从载热介质向工作介质传递热量,典型地需要四个部件。这种构造方式对于锅炉部件自身以及所需的附加的管道系统来说都需要较高的成本。这种问题不仅限于图1所示的太阳能发电站的类型,而是也涉及到其他的具有间接蒸发器的太阳能发电站类型,例如具有抛物线槽式聚光器或菲涅尔聚光器的发电站。
图2示出按照本发明的锅炉19的实施形式,其中所有已述的锅炉部件(即预热器、蒸发器、过热器和再热器)都组装在一个组件中。直流锅炉19包括压力容器20,其具有载热介质入口21和载热介质出口22,在它们之间设计有载热介质通道23。在载热介质通道23中安置锅炉管道24,其中锅炉管道24的第一部分25设计为由过热器管道26和再热器管27构成的系统,并且锅炉管道24的第二部分28设计为由预热管29和蒸发器管30构成的系统。
在运转时,热的载热介质、例如熔盐在载热介质入口21处被导入锅炉19的压力容器20中,并且通过载热介质通道23流经锅炉管24流至载热介质出口22。较冷的供给水通过供给水入口31被泵送进入预热管道29,并且继续流过蒸发器管道30。在该过程中产生的蒸汽通过第一蒸汽出口32输入汽水分离系统33用于分离未汽化的水。锅炉19和汽水分离系统33在此构成蒸汽发生装置34。汽水分离后剩下的蒸汽通过第一蒸汽入口35被再次输入锅炉19用于在过热器管26中加热,并且离开过热器管26通过第二蒸汽出口36又进入蒸汽涡轮机9。在蒸汽涡轮机9的高压部分10中部分降压和冷却的蒸汽为了再加热,通过第二蒸汽入口37被再次输入至锅炉19,并且在流过再加热器管道27后,再次从第三蒸汽出口38流向蒸汽涡轮机9的中间压力部分11。

Claims (12)

1.一种直流锅炉(19),其具有容器(20),所述容器(20)具有载热介质入口(21)和载热介质出口(22),其中,在所述载热介质入口(21)和所述载热介质出口(22)之间设置有载热介质通道(23),载热介质在所述载热介质通道(23)中流动;所述直流锅炉(19)还具有安置在所述载热介质通道(23)内的锅炉管道(24),其中,所述锅炉管道(24)的第一部分(25)设计为由过热器管道(26)和再热器管道(27)构成的系统,并且所述锅炉管道(24)的第二部分(28)设计为由预热管道(29)和蒸发器管道(30)构成的系统,并且所述第一部分(25)沿着所述载热介质的流动方向被设置在所述第二部分(28)之前,其中,所述容器(20)是压力容器,其中,整个蒸汽发生、包括再热在一个压力容器中进行。
2.按照权利要求1所述的直流锅炉(19),其中,所述过热器管道(26)和所述再热器管道(27)在载热介质侧布线成一个加热面。
3.按照权利要求1所述的直流锅炉(19),其中,所述压力容器这样设置,使得载热介质从上向下流过所述压力容器。
4.按照权利要求3所述的直流锅炉(19),其中,所述载热介质是熔盐。
5.按照权利要求1所述的直流锅炉(19),其中,所述过热器管道(26)和所述再热器管道(27)沿着所述载热介质的流动方向交替并列地布置在所述压力容器中。
6.按照权利要求1所述的直流锅炉(19),其中,所述过热器管道(26)和所述再热器管道(27)沿着所述载热介质的流动方向交替衔接地布置在所述压力容器中。
7.一种蒸汽发生装置(34),其具有按照前述权利要求之一所述的直流锅炉(19),此外还包括汽水分离系统(33),其中,所述锅炉管道(24)的第一部分(25)在流动介质侧连接在所述汽水分离系统(33)之后。
8.按照权利要求7所述的蒸汽发生装置(34),其中,所述锅炉管道(24)的第二部分(28)在流动介质侧连接在所述汽水分离系统(33)之前。
9.按照权利要求7或8所述的蒸汽发生装置(34),其中,与所述蒸发器管道(30)平行邻接的所述过热器管道(26)在流动侧直接连接在汽水分离系统(33)之后。
10.一种太阳能发电站设备,其具有按照权利要求7至9之一所述的蒸汽发生装置(34),此外还具有太阳能塔(2)。
11.一种太阳能发电站设备,其具有按照权利要求7至9之一所述的蒸汽发生装置(34),此外还具有抛物线槽式聚光器。
12.一种太阳能发电站设备,其具有按照权利要求7至9之一所述的蒸汽发生装置(34),此外还具有菲涅尔聚光器。
CN201180048263.4A 2010-10-04 2011-09-29 集成有再热器的直流锅炉 Expired - Fee Related CN103189603B (zh)

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DE102010041903.6A DE102010041903B4 (de) 2010-10-04 2010-10-04 Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit integriertem Zwischenüberhitzer
DE102010041903.6 2010-10-04
PCT/EP2011/066966 WO2012045650A2 (de) 2010-10-04 2011-09-29 Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit integriertem zwischenüberhitzer

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AU (1) AU2011311739B2 (zh)
DE (1) DE102010041903B4 (zh)
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WO2012045650A3 (de) 2013-05-16
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