CN103185087A - 制动盘的涂层方法和用这种方法制造的制动盘 - Google Patents

制动盘的涂层方法和用这种方法制造的制动盘 Download PDF

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CN103185087A
CN103185087A CN2012105700699A CN201210570069A CN103185087A CN 103185087 A CN103185087 A CN 103185087A CN 2012105700699 A CN2012105700699 A CN 2012105700699A CN 201210570069 A CN201210570069 A CN 201210570069A CN 103185087 A CN103185087 A CN 103185087A
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mesosphere
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W·许申赫费尔
G·克特勒
R·凯勒
J·哈肯贝格
R·拉布
V·杜普伊斯
O·布加达
H·库克特
A·迈尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于汽车的灰口铸铁-制动盘表面(1)，其具有通过热学方式、例如通过金属喷涂来涂覆的减小磨损的表面涂层(6)。本发明提出例如由镍构成的中间层(5)，该中间层由于其柔韧性而减小表面涂层(6)和制动盘(1)之间的机械应力。

Description

制动盘的涂层方法和用这种方法制造的制动盘
技术领域
本发明涉及具有权利要求1前序部分所述特征的用于陆上交通工具、尤其机动车的盘式制动器的金属制动盘的摩擦面的涂层方法，以及具有权利要求6前序部分所述特征的通过本发明所述方法制造的制动盘。
背景技术
由金属、特别是由钢或灰口铸铁制成的、用于机动车盘式制动器的制动盘是公知的。已知例如使用碳化铬和/或碳化钨的热表面涂层以减小磨损。可以对整个制动盘进行表面涂层，但是只为制动盘的摩擦面，也就是制动盘的圆孔形盘式表面涂层就已足够，在制动时或为了制动，摩擦制动器涂层对该圆孔形盘式表面施压。在制动盘上，或者至少在制动盘的摩擦面上，以热学方式，例如在约3000到4000摄氏度之间的温度条件下通过金属喷涂或电弧喷涂来涂覆减小磨损的表面涂层。
由于不同的热膨胀系数(典型制动盘的减小磨损的表面涂层的热膨胀系数比灰口铸铁制成的制动盘的热膨胀系数要小)，在热涂层冷却之后以及当制动盘在制动时升温到几百摄氏度(比如到约600摄氏度)时，在表面涂层和制动盘之间会产生机械应力。表面涂层和制动盘之间的机械应力可能导致例如由于形成裂纹而造成的表面涂层损坏，这可能例如由于冬季盐水的侵蚀而导致表面涂层的腐蚀渗透以及表面涂层脱落(脱层)。
发明内容
具有权利要求1所述特征的、依据本发明的方法设置一个中间层，该中间层在涂覆减小磨损的表面涂层之前先低温涂覆到制动盘上。中间层也可以涂覆在整个制动盘上，但是，对制动盘摩擦面涂覆或随后要涂覆表面涂层的区域涂覆中间层就足够了。中间层位于制动盘和表面涂层之间，它可以作为用于表面涂层的承载层。
通过将中间层低温涂覆在制动盘之上，制动盘和中间层之间就不会产生热涂覆涂层的情况下的机械应力。“低温”是指在室温条件下涂覆中间层，温度也可稍高于室温，如约50或70摄氏度。但是它明显低于热涂覆涂层的温度。通过中间层的柔韧性，中间层减少了表面涂层和制动盘之间的机械应力，这减小了表面涂层例如因为裂纹形成而损坏的危险。同时，中间层还可以改善表面涂层在制动盘上的粘附性，和/或可作为制动盘的防腐蚀保护层，其抵抗表面涂层的腐蚀渗透。
从属权利要求的主题是权利要求1中给出的本发明的有利结构方案和改进方案。
本发明尤其适用于由灰口铸铁、也就是由铸铁制成的制动盘(权利要求5)。
并列权利要求6的主题是一种通过依据本发明的方法涂层的制动盘。
附图说明
下面将参照附图中示出的实施例进一步说明本发明。其中示出了：
图1：依据本发明的制动盘的一个轴向截面图；和
图2：图1中的细部II的放大图。
附图理解为用于理解和阐释本发明的简化和示意性的视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的、依据本发明的制动盘1具有一个圆孔形的制动环2和一个盆状轮毂3，盆状轮毂3和制动环2是一个同心的整体。制动环2的圆孔形盘式正端面形成制动盘1的摩擦面4，在制动时以及为了制动，使图中没有显示的盘式制动器的图中也没有显示的磨擦制动器涂层挤压该摩擦面4。制动环2也可理解为真正意义上的制动盘。该制动盘1由灰口铸铁件、即具有片状石墨的铸铁构成。
该制动盘1具有低温涂覆的中间层5。该中间层5由一种金属或是一种合金组成，例如包括镍、铜和/或铬。该中间层5例如通过化学或电化学的方法沉淀。该中间层5覆盖摩擦环2，即摩擦面4和制动盘1的毗邻的区域。该中间面5覆盖摩擦面4是必要的，它也可以完全覆盖制动盘1。
中间层5上热涂覆一层用于减小磨损的表面涂层6。该表面涂层6覆盖摩擦面4，并受涂层方法限制覆盖制动盘1的毗邻区域。覆盖摩擦面4是必要的，也可以完全覆盖制动盘1。该减小磨损的表面涂层6是通过热学方式，例如通过金属喷涂或电弧喷涂，也就是在约3000到4000摄氏度的温度条件下涂覆的。该表面涂层6具有碳化物或碳化物混合物，尤其是金属类的碳化物，例如碳化铬和/或碳化钨，这些碳化物或碳化物混合物嵌入一种基质中，尤其是指由例如镍和/或钴组成的金属基质中，还指的是金属合金中。
附图示出中间层5的层厚度并示出过厚的表面涂层6，中间层5和表面涂层6具有几微米到几十微米的层厚度，其中，中间层5和表面涂层6的层厚度可能相同或不同。
由于中间层5的柔韧性，使表面涂层6和制动盘1的灰口铸铁之间的机械应力变小。这种机械应力在表面涂层6热涂覆之后的冷却过程中以及制动盘1在制动时升温到几百摄氏度(如到大约600摄氏度)的过程中产生。该表面涂层6具有比制动盘1更小的热膨胀系数，这样在表面涂层6热涂覆之后的冷却过程中在表面涂层6内存在拉应力。如上所述，这种拉应力通过低温涂覆在制动盘1上的中间层5减小，这也就减小了表面涂层6特别是通过裂纹形成而受损的危险。
此外，中间层5形成一个防腐蚀保护层，其能够抵抗减小磨损的表面涂层6的腐蚀渗透。附加地，中间层5还形成粘合层，其改善了减小磨损的表面涂层6在制动盘1上的粘附性。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于陆上交通工具的盘式制动器的金属制动盘(1)的摩擦面(4)的涂层方法，所述制动盘具有热涂覆的表面涂层(6)，其特征在于，在涂覆表面涂层(6)之前在所述制动盘(1)上低温涂覆中间层(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述中间层(5)具有比所述制动盘(1)和表面涂层(6)更大的柔韧性、和/或具有比所述制动盘(1)更高的抗腐蚀性、和/或改善所述表面涂层(6)在所述制动盘(1)上的粘附性。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，使所述中间层(5)通过化学或电化学的方法沉淀在所述制动盘(1)上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述中间层(5)具有金属。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述制动盘(1)具有灰口铸铁。
6.一种用于陆上交通工具的盘式制动器的金属制动盘，所述金属制动盘具有热涂覆在摩擦面(4)上的表面涂层(6)，其特征在于，所述制动盘(1)具有低温涂覆在所述制动盘(1)和表面涂层(6)之间的中间层(5)。
CN2012105700699A 2011-12-27 2012-12-25 制动盘的涂层方法和用这种方法制造的制动盘 Pending CN103185087A (zh)

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CN104389924A (zh) * 2014-10-21 2015-03-04 刘永红 一种耐磨刹车盘
CN104947030A (zh) * 2014-03-26 2015-09-30 福特全球技术公司 用于制造制动盘的方法及制动盘
CN110914569A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2020-03-24 罗伯特·博世有限公司 制动盘和用于制造制动盘的方法
CN111556934A (zh) * 2018-01-11 2020-08-18 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于制造制动盘的方法、制动盘

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WO2014145227A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Tech M3, Inc. Wear resistant braking systems
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