CN103181565A - 防pm2.5清肺护肺胶囊 - Google Patents
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- CN103181565A CN103181565A CN201310090348XA CN201310090348A CN103181565A CN 103181565 A CN103181565 A CN 103181565A CN 201310090348X A CN201310090348X A CN 201310090348XA CN 201310090348 A CN201310090348 A CN 201310090348A CN 103181565 A CN103181565 A CN 103181565A
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Abstract
本发明属于健康食品(保健品)，涉及一种防PM2.5清肺护肺胶囊。尤以药食两用植物，银杏提取物，杏仁提取物、百合提取物、麦冬提取物、蘑菇提取物、仙人掌提取物、紫锥菊提取物、沙棘提取物、萝卜硫素、金属硫蛋白、叶绿素、海藻酸钠等原料，制成的健康食品。具有清肺毒、润肺、养肺护肺、止咳化痰用于清除体内垃圾、PM2.5雾霾、有机化合物、吸烟重金属残流物对人体的伤害，防辐射、排毒、抗病毒、抗菌消炎、增强免疫力、防治哮喘、上呼吸道感染、肺气肿、支气管炎、心脑血管疾病、防癌抗癌等功效，该产品制作工艺为：原料混合、搅拌、胶囊原料填充、胶囊封口检验合格，包装成为正式产品。
Description
一、技术领域：本发明属于健康食品(保健食品)，尤以药食两用植物，银杏提取物，杏仁提取物、百合提取物、麦冬提取物、蘑菇提取物、仙人掌提取物、紫锥菊提取物、沙棘提取物、萝卜硫素、金属硫蛋白、叶绿素、海藻酸钠等原料，采取先进技术工艺制成的一种新型健康食品。
二、背景技术，本发明以银杏提取物、杏仁提取物、百合提取物、麦冬提取物、蘑菇提取物、仙人掌提取物、紫锥菊提取物、沙棘提取物、萝卜硫素、金属硫蛋白、叶绿素、海藻酸钠等原料，加工而成的健康食品，具有清肺毒、润肺、养肺护肺、止咳化痰用于清除体内垃圾、PM2.5雾霾、有机化合物、吸烟、重金属残留物对人体的伤害，防辐射、排毒、抗病毒、抗菌消炎、增强免疫力、防治哮喘上呼吸道感染、肺气肿、支气管炎、心脑血管疾病、防癌抗癌等功效。目前市场上还没有同类产品，创新研发该产品可为给防治PM2.5雾霾恶劣环境等疾病提供了一种新产品。该产品以纯天然药食两用植物为原料，制成的硬胶囊，无任何毒副作用，服用方便，效果明显。
三、发明内容：珍爱生命、保护健康，防治PM2.5雾霾对人体的伤害。近年来，我国大部分地区持续多日出现PM2.5雾霾天气，给人们的生活、工作、健康造成严重的影响。
PM2.5是指空气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物，也称为可人肺颗粒物。主要来源于日常煤碳发电厂、工业生产、有机化合物、汽车尾气排放等过程中经过燃烧而排放出的残留物，部分化学污染物远距离播散以及吸烟，含有重金属和有毒物质，对人体健康危害极大。它可以通过支气管和肺泡进入血液，干扰肺部交换，引发呼吸道感染、哮喘、肺气肿、支气管炎、心脑血管疾病、过敏性鼻炎及癌症等疾病，而潜在的因素对人休的危害更大。国际研究机构证实，雾霾对人体发病率和早死也有一定的影响。
随着我国工业化，城市化的进程加快和机动车保有量快速增长，大气环境污染对人体的危害更加严重。为此，研发了防治PM2.5雾霾，保护人体的健康食品。
四、原料配方：银杏提取物15千克、杏仁提取物30千克、百合提取物30千克、麦冬提取物25千克、蘑菇提取物30千克、仙人掌提取物30千克、紫锥菊提取物20千克、沙棘提取物40千克、萝卜硫素10千克、金属硫蛋白10千克、叶绿素10千克、海藻酸钠50千克为原料。
五、技术方案：
(一)、银杏物提取物(semen Ginkgo)，为银杏科植物银杏的干燥成熟种子。性平、味甘、苦涩，归肺经。具有敛肺平喘、活血化痰、止痛等。用于肺虚咳喘、支气管哮喘、降低胆固醇、清除自由基、增加冠状动脉血流量、高血压、高血脂、心脑血管病、增强记忆力、改善脑功能、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎、抗过敏、抗癌等功能。
化学成分：银杏主要含黄酮类化合物、银杏内酯、银杏多糖、萜内酯化合物，多种微量元素等生物活性成分。
药理作用：1、降低低压肺动脉高压：银杏内酯B对正常大鼠肺血流动力学无明显影响，但对低压3周后肺动脉压升高，肺血管阻力增大，右心室肥厚大鼠，银杏内酯B可明显减轻上述症状。
2、减轻呼吸道病理变化：致敏豚鼠卵蛋白和正常豚鼠血小板激活因子被激发后，可使肺组中嗜酸性粒细胞数增多，气管黏膜上皮损伤脱落，支气管平滑肌收缩、气管反应性增高，若预先用银杏内酯B，对以上病理变化明显减轻。
3、解除支气管理痉挛：银杏乙醇提取物对气管平滑肌具有直接松驰作用，且有抗磷酸组织胺、乙酰胆碱引起的豚鼠在体、离体支气管痉挛作用，能制止豚鼠组胺性哮喘发作。
4、减少杀虫剂对细胞损伤：据报道，银杏叶提取物对百草枯致Pc12细胞损伤具有保护作用。流行病学资料显示，环境因素如除草剂、杀虫剂等与怕金森病发生有关。二氢吡啶类除草剂百草枯(PQ)是一种常用农药，其结构与神经毒素(MPP+相类似的神经毒素)。研究表明，银杏提取物对PQ诱导的细胞损伤具有一定的保护作用。其作用机制可能使Caspase-3激活减弱，表达减少，从而减少蛋白质分解和DNA断裂，减少细胞凋亡的发生。
5、抗炎：银杏叶黄酮对巴豆诱发的鼠耳皮肤发炎症有抑制作用。
6、抗菌：银杏水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌，痢疾杆菌及脓绿杆菌均有抑制作用。
7、抗病毒：银杏叶粗提取物对EB病毒有抑制作用，其有效成分为白果黄素。
8、抗癌：银杏叶中的活性成分可以防止或逆转各组织的纤维变性，降低炎症病人等自动免疫性病症γ-球蛋白和免疫球蛋白的不正常升高，用于治疗白血病和实体瘤，因它能提高抗癌化疗剂的效果，减少不良反应，使得耐细胞毒药物的癌细胞对化疗剂更为敏感有效。
9、清除自由基：银杏叶提取物有清除羟自由基，超氧阴离子和一氧化氮的作用，有抑制脂质过氧化作用。
10、耐缺氧：银杏叶提取物不仅可以改变血液流动特性，而且能提搞耐缺氧能力。其作用机理是增加脑血流量和改善缺氧对脑能量代谢有关。
此外，银杏叶还具有降血脂，防治心脑血管病、降血压、扩张血管、增加血流量、增强记忆力、抗脑缺血、防治老年痴呆症、延缓衰老、美容等功效。
(二)、杏仁提取物(Apricot kernel)，为蔷薇科植物山杏的干燥成熟种子。性微温、味苦，归肺、大肠经。具有止咳平喘、润肠通便等功效。具有咳嗽气喘、胸满痰多、寒痰阻肺、咳嗽气粗、肠燥便秘等功效。
化学成分：蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、纤维素、苦杏仁苷、苦杏仁酶、油酸、亚油酸等。
药理作用：1、镇咳平喘：苦杏仁苷灌胃对SO2致咳小鼠有止咳效果，杏仁提取物作用更强。苦杏仁苷在体内分解成氢氰酸，能抑制呼吸中枢，达到镇咳平喘作用，还能促进肺表面活性物质的合成，有利于呼吸功能。
2、保肝：杏仁水浸物经胃蛋白酶的水解产物500mg/kg对四氯化碳中毒大鼠的转氨酶及转肽酶、羟脯氨酸的升高有抑制作用，并能抑制优球蛋白溶解的时间和抑制肝结缔组织的增生。
3、杀菌：苦杏仁油能杀死伤寒、副伤寒杆菌。
4、抗炎：杏仁的胃蛋白酶水解产物对乙酸引起的小鼠扭体反应和棉球引起的大鼠肉芽肿炎症有抑制作用。
5、抗病毒：杏仁经炮制后，可降低EB病毒早期抗原的激活作用。
6、抗癌：苦杏仁提取物给小鼠灌胃对小鼠移植性肝癌有明显的抑制作用。
(三)、百合提取物(Bulbus Lilii)，为百合科植物内质鳞茎。性寒、味甘，归心、肺经。具有润肺止咳，清心安神的效果。用于阴虚久咳，痰中带血，失眠多梦等症状。
化学成分：含有生物碱，甾体糖苷，β-谷甾醇，胡萝卜苷，各种糖、淀粉，蛋白质，脂肪等成份。
药理作用：1、滋阴润肺，百合对强的松龙所致肾上腺皮质功能衰竭具有显著的保护作用。并能抑制2，4一二硝基氯苯所致小鼠迟发性过敏反应，故具有滋阴润肺，补肺气等作用。
2、止咳平喘：百合煎剂对氨水引起的小鼠咳嗽有止咳嗽作用，可使小鼠肺灌流流量增加。并能对抗组织胺引起蟾蜍的哮喘。
3、祛痰：酚红比色法实验表明，百合具有显著的祛痰作用。其作用机制是增强呼吸排泌功能，同时使黏液膜排泄分泌的酚红量增加。
4、调节免疫力，百合多糖可显著提高磷酰胺免疫低下小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数，促进溶血素及溶血空斑形成，促进淋巴细胞转化。
5、抗疲劳：百合可明显延长小鼠的游泳时间，具有抗疲劳功效，有强壮作用。
6、抗过敏：百合水提液给小鼠灌服，可明显抑制二硝氯苯所致过敏反应。
7、抗缺氧：百合水提液给小鼠灌服，可延长小鼠常压缺氧，异丙肾上腺所致心肌缺氧增加的缺氧和甲状腺所致阴虚型小鼠常在缺氧的存活时间。
(四)、麦冬提取物(Radix ophiopogonis)，为百合科植物沿阶草的干燥根。性微寒、味甘、微若，归心、肺、胃经。具有养阴生津，润肺清心，止咳。用于肺燥干咳、虚劳咳嗽，心烦失眠、内热消喝、肠燥便秘等功效。现代药理研究，麦冬具有抗心肌缺血、抗血栓、耐缺氧、降血糖、抗衰老等功能。
化学成分：含有甾体皂苷、萜苷化合物、β-谷甾醇、氨基酸、糖类、微量元素、维生素等成份。
药理作用：1、增强免疫功能，麦冬皂苷及多糖可量著增加小鼠器官胸腺，脾脏重量，并激活小鼠网状内皮系统的吞噬功能，提高血清溶血素抗体水平，增加机体免疫力。
2、抗心血管病：麦冬注射液对蟾蜍，大鼠和兔心肌细胞均有一定抗心律失常，改善心肌缺血，增强心肌收缩力和减慢心率等作用。抗心律失常的有效成分是麦冬总皂苷，注射麦冬总皂苷能预防或对抗三氯甲烷-肾上腺兔，大鼠所诱发的心律失常，使发生率由87％±8％降至57％±7％。注射液对失血性休克大鼠有改善左心室功能和抗休克作用。
3、抗菌：麦冬粉对白色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌等具有抗菌作用。
4、抗缺氧：麦冬提取物有扩张实验小鼠外周血管的作用，注射液能明显增强小鼠正在低压缺氧条件下的耐缺氧能力。
5、抗过敏：麦冬多糖能拮抗乙酰胆碱和组胺混合液刺激引起的正常豚鼠哮喘的发生并有显著的抗小鼠耳异种动皮肤过敏的作用。
此外，麦冬还具有降血糖，抗血栓和抗癌等作用。
(五)、蘑菇提取物(Mushrooms)，为多孔菌科蘑菇的子实体。性平、味甘、归肝、胃经。具有益胃健脾、养肺滋阴等功效。药理研究，蘑菇排毒、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、降血压、降血糖、改善动脉硬化、促进血液循环，增加免疫功能及帮助肺脏抗击毒素的功效。
化学成分：蘑菇含蛋白质、十多种氨基酸、多糖、多种维生素和微量元素、膳食纤维素。
生理功能：1、增强免疫功能：蘑菇发酵液可促进T淋巴细胞活性，增加小鼠免疫机能。蘑菇多糖可增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能，增强非特异性免疫功能，明显抑制胸腺，增加小鼠脾重，使抗体生成增加，并增强体液免疫功能，从而提高机体抵御各种病症的免疫力。
2、排除毒素：蘑菇具有明显的排毒作用。体内毒素主要指外源性毒素和内源性毒素。外源性毒素PM2.5雾霾，食品添加剂、残留农药、有机化合物、吸烟、重金属等可进入人体危害健康。内源性毒素是随着年龄的增长、人体新陈代谢减慢，所以产生过多酸、嘌呤等。蘑菇含有丰富的膳食纤维，能促进肠道蠕动，排出体内的有害毒素。
3、抗病毒：蘑菇含有一种干扰素诱生剂，能干扰病毒蛋白质的合成，抑制病毒的生长和繁殖。蘑菇中含有的多糖物质，能促进T细胞和中性粒细胞的增殖和杀伤作用，增强人体抗病毒能力，对流感病毒、麻疹病毒、肝炎病毒有较好的抑制作用。
4、抗肿瘤：蘑菇含有的多糖体是抗肿瘤的活性物质，具有良好的抗肿瘤作用，可以促进抗体形成，使机体对肿瘤产生免疫能力，抑制肿瘤细胞生长，还能促使肿瘤坏死因子的产生，加快癌症细胞凋亡。另外蘑菇含有一种叫麦角硫因的抗氧化剂，能预防癌细胞异常生长和繁殖，预防癌症肿瘤的发生。
5、止咳化痰：蘑菇提取物动物实验发现，蘑菇具有明显的镇咳、稀化痰的作用。
6、抗衰老：蘑菇多糖能提搞大鼠脑内超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性，降低大鼠内褐色素含量，延长大鼠寿命。
(六)、仙人掌提取物(cactqceae)，为仙人掌科植物仙人掌的根和茎。性寒、味苦涩、归心、肺、胃经，具有行气活血、清热解毒、消肿止痛、健胃润肠、镇咳等功效。药理研究表明：降血压、调节血脂、降低胆固醇、排毒、有助于防雾霾等功效。
化学成分：含有18咱氨基酸，多种维生素和微量元素、抱壁莲、玉芙蓉、果仙纤维素、角蒂仙、多糖、甾醇、黄酮、亚油酸等。
药理作用：1、增强免疫功能，仙人掌水提液对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能有明显的促进作用，可使其吞噬率及吞噬指数明显增加，提示对放疗、化疗所引起的白细胞减少，有一定的改善作用。
2、保护胃黏膜：据报道，仙人掌可通过改善胃壁血循环提高胃壁PGE2含量，对胃黏膜损伤有明显的保护作用，同时对应急性胃溃疡、消炎痛型胃溃疡、乙酸型胃溃疡或结扎胃幽门型胃溃疡均有明显的保护作用。
3、抗炎：仙人掌煎剂能明显抑制二甲笨所致小鼠耳廊肿胀，对大鼠琼脂性足跖肿胀和冰蜡酸诱发小鼠渗出性炎症，棉球诱发小鼠肉芽组织增生亦有明显的抑制作用；对急慢性均有很好作用。
4、有助于预防PM2.5雾霾：据报道，科学家对仙人掌吸收水分的能力感到好奇。许多人都曾研究过仙人掌长长的根，可以防止水分流失的蜡状薄膜以及能帮助其在干燥沙漠中活下来的其他各种特性。仙人掌的刺被认为是一种自我防御机制。科学家将仙人掌放在电子显微镜下发现，这些刺其实具有重要的水分吸收功能。因此，仙人掌刺有可能用来应对PM2.5雾霾对人体的危害。
(七)、紫锥菊提取物(Echinacea extract)，又名松果菊，紫锥菊属多年生草本植物紫锥菊是一种菊科野生花卉，属多年生草本植物紫锥菊。抗菌抗真菌、抗炎、抗病毒、清除自由基和抗肿瘤等多种功能。临床应用于治疗感冒，支气管哮喘，急性病毒感染，上呼吸道感染，癌症和免疫性疾病。
化学成分：紫锥菊主要含糖、咖啡酸衍生物、多炔和异丁酸胺类。挥生油、黄酮、生物碱、植物甾醇类原糖，不饱和酮类、维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、矿物质钾、钙、碘、硫、镁、铁、锌等多种成分。
药理作用：1、抗菌：紫锥菊在体外试验证实，对金黄色葡萄球菌和化脓链球菌有抑制活性；多块类成分对绿脓杆菌和埃希杆菌有强抑制活性；紫锥菊提取物释放对结核分枝杆菌有抑制作用，能抑制表皮鲜菌的生长。
紫锥菊提取物对临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌、B族链球菌、克雷伯杆菌、流感杆菌和表皮球菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。对金黄色葡萄球菌、B族链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌的抑制作用较强。
动物试验显示，紫锥菊能降低由金黄色葡萄球菌感染引起的动物死亡率，表明它对金黄色葡萄球感染动物有一定保护作用。紫锥菊提取物可使大鼠体内链球菌感染中止。紫锥菊能有效地抑制实验动物体内的感染扩散，这种效应与抑制透明质酸酶的作用机制有关，透明质酸保护细胞抵卸微生物入侵，使组织不易被微生物感染和繁殖，透明质酸酶则起分解透明质酸的作用。
2、抗真菌活性：紫锥菊多糖具有抗真菌作用。免疫缺损的小鼠模型用紫锥菊多糖治疗，可使小鼠肾内白色念珠菌感染显著降低，并使致死量念珠菌感染有明显的保护作用。试验显示紫锥菊能增强小鼠免疫细胞抑制白色念球菌的能力。健康人的单核细胞用紫锥菊提取物处理后，对白色念珠菌的吞噬能力增加。
3、抗病毒：
紫锥菊提取物对流感病毒、疱疹病毒和骨髓灰质炎病毒具有明显的抑制作用；紫锥菊提取物对流感病毒A2有抑制活性作用，还能抑制脑心肌炎病毒(EMC——Virus)和过滤性口炎病毒(VSV)的复制。紫锥菊多糖是抗病毒的主要成分，对单纯性疱疹病毒复制有80％的抑制作用。
据报道：国内的药学院研究人员进行了紫锥菊体内抗病毒的试验，结果表明，紫锥菊对流感病毒有明显抑制作用，对阿萨奇族病毒COXB3、COXB5和呼吸合疱症病毒RSV，疱疹病毒HSV-2有一定作用。对流感病毒所致的小鼠肺炎，紫锥菊连续5天灌胃给药，可明显降低肺部炎证，肺指数比对照组明显减轻，显示紫锥菊对流感病毒所致小鼠肺炎有明显抑制作用。
4、抗感染：在体内外药理实验研究中，紫锥菊及其所含成分似乎只有温和的抗菌活性。然而令人惊异的是，各种含紫锥菊的制品已在临床中都显示了强大的广谱抗感染效果。显然，紫锥菊的抗感染作用不是单纯的杀灭和抑制病原本作用，而是有着更深层次的机理。
国外医学专家研究发现，紫锥菊的强大的抗感染作用除直接抑制病原体外，更主要的是通过激性机体的免疫系统，提高人体自身免疫力来发挥效力。紫锥菊有效抗感染的主要作用机处理是：(1)、激发巨噬细胞活性。(2)、增加细胞吞噬活性。(3)、剌激T——细胞增值。(4)、促进干扰素细胞因子生成。
5、抗炎作用：炎症反应是机体组织对各种感染和非感染性伤害的正常防卸反应，是诸多疾病的主要病理改变。
药理实验和临床研究显示，紫锥菊具有极强的抗炎活性，其抗炎活性源于抑制透明质酸酶，剌激肾上腺皮质，抑制致炎因子环氧合酶、5——腊氧合酶和花生四烯酸的活性作用。
6、增强免疫功能：一系列药理和临床研究表明，紫锥菊广泛的抗感染能力，是因为紫锥菊能显著提高人体免疫力。因此用于治疗各种感染性疾病卓有成效。现在，紫锥菊是西方国家著名的免疫调节草药。由于紫锥菊治疗感冒、流感和全身各种感染性疾病最有效，对人体免疫系统有促进作用。医学专家历经数十载精心的深入研究，紫锥菊有调节人体免疫系统作用，主要是通过系统的巨噬细胞和其它效应细胞发挥作用，提高人体监视系统，特别是粘膜免疫系统警觉性和活力，战胜入侵的病原体。另据报道，紫锥菊能促进的吞噬功能，促进单核细胞、巨噬细胞和NK细胞的活性。有预防流感，缩短感冒患病期的功效。
7、抗肿瘤：紫锥菊通过几种机制发挥抗肿瘤作用，主要依赖促进免疫力，剌激巨噬细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子，白细胞介素和干扰素等细胞因子杀灭或抑制肿瘤细胞。
研究证实，紫锥菊激发骨髓细胞产生细胞因子，促进B淋巴细胞增殖，抑制肿瘤细胞。紫锥菊多糖在极低浓度下就有抗肿瘤活性，它对巨噬细胞有强列激活作用，被激活性，增加氧基和白细胞介素—1的分泌产生对肿瘤细胞有细胞毒作用，直接杀死P815瘤细胞活性。接种Meth A肿瘤细胞的小鼠口服紫锥菊榨汁后，显示能抑制肿瘤生长。实验室体外研究发现，紫锥菊的精油成分对P-388淋巴白血细胞有抑制活性。
8、抗氧化：越来越多的实验证实，许多常见疾病与人体有关抗氧化物质有关，例如：呼吸道感染、牙周病、类风湿关节炎、心血管病、癌症、皮肤病等。使用抗氧化剂能够使氧自由基失活，治疗相关疾病。
紫锥菊中的紫锥苷、菊苣酸、咖啡酸等多酚类成分有消除自由基作用，能够保护皮肤原蛋白III免受自由基降解的损害，可用于预防和治疗光照性皮肤损伤。
9、治疗感冒有特效：紫锥菊治疗应用最广、疗效最好，研究最多的是治疗上呼吸液感染，包括感冒、流感、扁桃体炎、支气管炎和咳嗽；治疗感冒和流感疗效尤为显著。
紫锥菊依赖多种作用机理发挥抗感冒、抗流感的效用。紫锥菊发挥激活免疫系统，诱生干扰素，阻止病毒复制，保护细胞膜，阻断病毒对粘膜内皮细胞的侵袭，以及抗炎和抗变态反应等多种生物效应，共同抗击感冒和流感病毒入侵，疗效非常显著，早期使用效果尤佳。紫锥菊抗感冒的作用方式与中药不同，它可以同时发挥抗病毒和提高免疫力的作用，兼有解表和补剂的双重功效，可以说标本兼治。因此紫锥菊在感冒的任何阶段都能使用，特别是在感冒初期效果更好，当你感觉感冒的第一症状时立即服用紫锥菊制剂可使感冒快速中止，或者减轻症状，缩短病程，同时增强了患者的抗病能力。
此外，紫锥菊还能有效减轻症状，缩短病程，标本兼治双重功效，预防感冒和流感的功效。
10、治疗咽喉炎：咽喉炎是紫锥菊有效的治疗领域。许多随机双盲安慰剂对照试验证实，紫锥菊对多种咽喉炎有缓解作用，对病毒性感染效果更好。用紫锥治疗能抑制好。用紫锥菊治疗能抑制感染和各种症状，并有加速康复。对一些严重感染，选用紫锥菊用为抗生素的辅助治疗剂，有缩短病程和减轻症状的功效，迄今为止而进行的临床研究结果都充发肯定锥菊治疗咽喉炎感染症有很好的疗效。
11、治疗儿童上感、安全有效：紫锥菊治疗儿童上呼吸道感染，包括感冒在内的临床试验，都显示出很安全性和有效性，紫锥菊治疗209名3——5岁感冒儿童的临床试验中，紫锥菊与对照组比较，能明显减少儿童患病发热的天数，其它对照临床试验也证明紫锥菊对儿童感冒和流感有效。
德国医学家对1280名患支气管炎的儿童用紫锥菊治疗的比较性研究结果，发现用紫锥菊治疗与其它疗法相比，能显著缩短病程加速疾病痊愈，甚至比单用抗生素更好，因为支气管炎多为病毒性感染而致，单独使用抗生素疗效较差，而紫锥菊可以挥促进免疫功能和抗病毒的双重作用。研究表明，“肺性干咳”或阻塞性气管炎的患者改善最显著，抗生素和紫锥菊合用治疗疗效更好。
(八)、沙棘提取物(Seabuckthorn)，为胡颓子科植物沙棘的果实。性温、味酸涩。具有敛肺、止咳化痰、消食化滞，活血化瘀等功效。汉代名医张仲景著《金贵要略》记“久服安脏，轻身延年”。《本草经集》中记载有“宁心安神，补心收散，敛肺、泻肝”。生长在青藏高原藏民族称为“神仙果”。现代药理研究可以降胆固醇，增强心肌血流量，改善心律失常等。
化学成分：沙棘含20多种氨基酸、脂类、单糖、黄酮类化合物，脂肪酸、有机酸、十多种维生素、大量的维生素C、胡萝卜素、多种微量元素，丰富的SOD等。
药理作用：1、增强免疫功能：沙棘计和沙棘油可增加免疫器管重量，提高血清半数溶血值，抗体效价和再次抗原刺激抗体效价，促进巨噬细胞吞噬功能。沙棘总黄酮的作用类似于沙棘和沙棘油，并可使免疫功能低下的小鼠血清抗体水平升高。
2、抗过敏：沙棘总黄酮腹腔注射能抑制小鼠的被动皮肤过敏反应，其抗过敏作用环节可能不在改善靶器官和细胞的反应，也不像朴尔敏等药物竞争靶细胞受体而发挥作用，可能与抗原的结合或介质释放等因素有关。
3、抗溃疡：沙棘油给胃溃疡模型鼠灌胃，对利血平及醋酸诱发的胃溃疡均有保护作用。
4、抗氧化：沙棘总黄酮对活性氧的清除能力大于维生素E，沙棘油给小鼠腹注或大鼠灌服，可明显降低心肌等的LPO，提高SOD活性。
5、解毒：沙棘含有大量的维生素C，维生素C被誉为万能解毒剂，可以使肝脏肝糖原的形成，而肝脏肝糖原在肝脏解毒中起着重要的作用；重金属污染环境是目前存在的一个重要普遍问题，维生素C可直接参与重金属的解毒作用，可有效预防铅、隔、汞、砷等有害金属对人体的毒害。
6、保护肝脏：沙棘籽油能减轻四氯化碳引起的肝损伤，对四氯化碳所致肝损伤小鼠丙二醛(MAO)和血清谷丙转氨酶(SGPT)的升高有明显的抑制作用，并抑制朴热息痛所致损伤肝脏的MDA增多，对抗受损肝脏谷胱甘肽(GSH)的耗竭。
7、抗肿瘤：沙棘原汁对小鼠腹水瘤细胞增殖有一定的抑制作用，对小鼠骨髓细胞，人急性粒细胞白血病细胞，小鼠T淋巴细胞中的DNA有明显的抑制作用。对白血病的细胞生长抑制作用的机理可能与对DNA合成的解聚和抑制合成作用有关。对致癌物二甲基亚硝胺在鼠体内合成具有阻断效应，可以保护动物免受二甲基亚硝胺的损害。
8、抗心肌缺血和心律失常：沙棘全成分腹注或静注，对小鼠、大鼠急性心肌缺血有保护作用，使心律失常从100％降为0，沙棘总黄酮对小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠能增加心肌营养血流量，对抗缺血性心律失常，改善心肌缺血，增进心脏功能，对心胶痛有效率94％。
此外，沙棘还具有降血脂、抗血栓、延缓衰老、美容、防治糖尿病等。
(九)、萝卜硫素(Sulforaphane)又称莱菔硫烷，是存在十字花科植物中的一种化合物，是蔬菜中所发现的抗癌效果最好的植物活性成分。科学研究发现，萝卜硫素具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎、保护肺部、解毒、防治痛风等功效。
药理作用：1、防癌抗癌，科学研究发现，萝卜硫素具有多种生物学效应，它能抑制肿瘤细胞生长，诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。萝卜硫素是目前发现所有天然抗癌物质里，效力最强，效果最好的活性成分，其独特的抗癌功效，它可以造成癌细胞的细胞凋亡和细胞阻滞，同时可以诱导人体内的II相解毒酶，同时抑制I型酶的产生，最终通过多种酶体与排出致癌物质和自由基等有害成份。研究发现萝卜硫素抗癌作用主要通过阻断致癌物产生致癌效应所需的代谢途径，阻至致癌物或其它代谢物进入靶细胞，同时起到清除致癌物的作用，抑制癌细胞的分裂与生长，阻断循环途径，促进其他可杀死癌细胞的蛋白质分泌，阻断致癌物诱导癌症的作用。
据报道，英国食品科学家研究发现，萝卜硫素有助于提高自身的抗癌能力，阻止肿瘤细胞生长，解决放疗、化疗中抗药性问题，另据报道，萝卜硫素具有杀死导致胃癌的幽门螺杆菌的功效，并还能杀死乳腺癌干细胞的功能。
2、保护呼吸道：一项新研究发现，萝卜硫素可助于防止呼道炎症，从而降低哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和慢性阻塞肺性病的发生率，据报道，美国加州大学洛杉机分校研究人员表示，萝卜硫素会刺激呼吸道抗氧化更好的发挥作用，阻止受污染等空气，花粉、汽车尾气和香烟经过呼吸道进入人体的大量自由基。这些自由基会损害人体组织，并会导致炎症发生。通过65名参试者对照试验，萝卜硫素参试者鼻腔细胞中抗氧化酶比对照高2-3倍。
3、有助于清除肺部细菌：研究显示，萝卜硫素具有助于清除肺部有害细菌，据报道，美国约翰斯·霍晋金斯大学研究人员发现，萝卜硫素能激活一种名为NRF2的信号通道。这种信号通道一旦不能发挥作用，人体巨噬细胞就无法清除肺部的死亡细胞及外来细菌，从而使肺部无法保持清洁，导致感染。吸烟者及慢性阻塞性患病者的巨噬细胞都失去了这种清理功能。另据报道，萝卜硫素还具有抗细菌和抗真菌活性。
另外，萝卜硫素对关节炎具有很好的清肿止痛作用。
(十)、金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein；MT)是一类富含半胱氨酸残基和金属低分子蛋白，对多种金属有高度亲合性，由于它大量的结合多种金属离子。广泛的存在于从微生物到人类各种生活中，其结构高度保守。具有特种的生命功能，为生物化学领域所重视，具有参与体内微量元素的贮存，运输和代谢、重金属解毒，抗辐射、增强免疫力、抗癌、清除自由基和抗衰老多种功能。
生理功能：1、清除自由基，过量的自由基的产生会导致许多疾病，而金属硫蛋白是体内清除自由基的能力最强的一种蛋白质，实验表明，金属硫蛋白具有强大的清除自由基的能力，最有效的细胞保护剂。金属硫蛋白能显著的减轻细胞缺氧复氧的损伤，增加细胞的存活率，降低细胞内Ca2+的积累，抑制脂肪过氧化。金属硫蛋白有很强的抗氧化和清除O2-而且对HO·也有极强清除能力，而SOD只能清除O2-，而不能解清HO·，这说明金属硫蛋白在清除自由茎方面优于SOD。生物细胞在代谢过程中会连续不断的产生自由基O2-和HO·，自由基是一种具有多高度活性的物质，使生物体内的不饱和脂肪酸过氧化，形成过氧化脂质金属硫蛋白对O2-和HO·具有清除作用，阻断了连锁反应，防止不饱和脂肪的氧化，降低了过氧化脂质的水平，使吞噬细胞的功能加强。
2、重金属解毒，金属硫蛋白是富含半胱氧酸的金属结合蛋白，其硫基能强烈鳌合有毒金属，并将之排出体外，从而实现解毒功能。金属硫蛋白与痕量金属的代谢有关，在所有哺乳动物组织中，MT-1和MT-2协同表达，MT-3是该家族中及脑部特异成员，能结合锌和铜，具有重要的神经生理和神经调节作用。金属硫蛋白通过与重金属结合可以有效的减轻重金属对机体的毒害，是目前临床上最理想的生物鳌合解毒剂。
3、对环保的作用：金属硫蛋白具有与金属结合的特性，可以选育或用基因工程手段建立金属硫蛋白的高表达系统，以治理金属污染。据报道，转酵母金属硫蛋白基因的烟草能显著提高对污染土壤中CU2的吸收，用这种方法可以对重金属污染区再进行补救。
4、抗辐射：金属硫蛋白具有很强的抗辐射作用，能保护细胞损伤及修复损伤功能。医药生物学家用含有金属硫蛋白的培养基培养细胞，然后置于紫外线下照射一定的时间后，发现不含金属硫蛋白的培养基培养的细胞后存活率不到50％，含有金属硫蛋白培养基培养的细胞存活率82.71％以上。
5、保护心血管：金属硫蛋白作为一种很强的内源性细胞保护剂，在心血管系统抗损伤中发挥着重要的作用，主要表现在对“缺血再灌注损伤的抑制作用，临床实验证明，缺血预处理能提高体内金属硫蛋白含量，从而减轻再灌注造成的损伤。据实验证明，金属硫蛋白参与缺血的心肌细胞保护，并通过保护氧化酶活力减轻心肌细胞缺氧/复氧所导致的损伤。
6、抗肿瘤：金属硫蛋白与肿瘤细胞的分化和增生，能减轻肿瘤药物毒副作用以及肿瘤细胞获得耐药性等方面。金属硫蛋白表达缺陷是肿瘤发生的症状之一，因此，深入研究金属硫蛋白与肿瘤的关系，可获得治疗肿瘤的靶药物。
7、增强免疫力：有人曾以金属硫蛋白饲养2月龄的昆明小鼠，测定其各项免疫指标，结果发现能提高小鼠胸腺/体重17％和碳粒廊清吞噬指数19％，证实金属硫蛋白能促进免疫功能和细胞代谢，从而提高其抗炎和自我保护，自我修复和免疫改善作用。
(十一)、叶绿素(Chiorophy11)又叫叶绿素镁。是植物进行光合作用的主要色素，也是一类含脂的色素家族。叶绿素存在于所有能营造光合作用的生物体，有绿色植物、原核的蓝绿藻和真核的藻类及绿色植物中。叶绿素为镁卟啉化合物，包括叶绿素a、b、c、d、f以及原叶绿素和细菌叶绿素等。药物研究认为，叶绿素具有抗突变、促进新陈代谢、解毒、排毒、促进造血，抗辐射、杀菌、保护肝脏，抗疾病等多种功能，也有助于排出体内废物。
生理功能：1、抗突变：叶绿素具有强烈的抑制突变物的抗突变作用，对癌变过程中起动和促进阶段均能有效抑制，可使变异性物质的活性钝化，也与致变物有强烈的亲和性，以形成复合体而失活。叶绿酸能与致癌物TrP-P-2形成复合体而使其活性钝化，且能抑制致突变性物质的代谢活性，促进解毒代谢，抑制致癌物质的生成。此外，叶绿素也有抑制黄曲霉毒素B1、苯并芘等致癌突变物质的作用。
2、解毒排毒：叶绿素具有广谱的排毒解毒作用，能与进入机体内的有毒化合物如丙烯、腈、氟化物、一氧化碳、杀虫剂、药物残渣、吸烟、重金属离子或致癌物相结合，并促进排出体外，也可用于以上物质中毒症的治疗。叶绿素属碱性食物，可以平衡人体酸碱度，促进新陈代谢，加速病毒排出，对于改善体质有很好的作用，尤其是过敏体质和免疫差的人。据报道：叶绿素被誉为清除肺、肠、肾和血液中的有害物质的清洁工，有很强的吸附毒素作用。
3、抗菌：叶绿素分子结构与人体的血液分子相似，叶绿素非常易溶入红细胞中，因此，有着绿色血液之称的叶绿素，能抑制细菌，对人体内的毒素排出体外。
4、促进造血：叶绿素有助于制造血液的绿色食物，研究证明，摄入少量的叶绿素，就可以刺激骨髓中的血红细胞生成。
此外，叶绿素还具有抗炎，促进造血，美容等功能。
(十二)、海藻酸钠(satium alginate SA)又名褐藻胶。是从褐藻植物中提取的一种天然高分子多糖，也是一种水溶性膳食纤维，具有多种生理学独特功能。有降血压、降血糖、调节血脂，增加饱腹感、减肥、增强免疫力、抗辐射、整肠、保护胃肠道、防癌抗癌，排出重金属等功能。
生理功能：1、增强免疫力：海藻酸钠能明显增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能，并有增强体液免疫功能的作用。研究表明，海藻酸钠能明显提高小鼠红细胞C36受体花环抑制率和红细胞C36受体花环促进率，降低红细胞免疫复合物花环率和血清中红细胞C36受体花环抑制率，结果证实，海藻酸钠对小鼠的红细胞免疫功能有明显的促进作用。
2、抗辐射：海藻酸钠对辐射具有明显的防护作用，它能使接受急性辐射的小鼠存活率提高63％，还能显著减轻小鼠骨髓细胞辐射遗传的损伤，能促进造血干细胞等增殖和分化，激活细胞内多条信号传递系统，提高对辐射的耐受力，促进造血系统受辐射损伤后的恢复。
3、抗菌：海藻酸钠在试管内同心性毛癣菌、铁锈色小芽胞癣菌，腹股沟表皮癣菌，红色表皮癣菌等皮肤真菌有明显的抑制作用。对枯草杆菌也有一定的抑制作用。
4、排除重金属：海藻酸钠具有很好的排除重金属作用。临床实验表明，海藻酸钠能排除人体蓄积放射能，袪除体内重金属、病毒和药物的毒副作用。
5、抗肿瘤：海藻酸钠能抑制小鼠S180肉瘤的生长。对小鼠巨噬细胞有较强的免疫调节作用，这是抑制肿瘤的机制之一。此外，海藻酸钠还具有降血压、降血脂、降血糖、抗病毒等功能，治疗心血管病及肠道系统疾病。
综上所述，本产品具有清肺毒、润肺、养肺、护肺、止咳化痰，用于清除体内垃圾，PM2.5雾霾，吸烟、有机化合物和重金属残留物对人体的伤害，防辐射、排毒、抗病毒、抗菌消炎、增强免疫力，防治哮喘、上呼吸道感染、肺气肿、支气管炎、心血管疾病、防癌抗癌等功效。
六、制作工艺：
1、调配混合：先将配方中的原料按物理特性进行混合。
2、搅拌：将混合后的原料送入搅拌机，充分搅拌均匀。
3、胶囊填充：将搅拌均匀的原料送入填充机，使原料填充入胶囊中。
4、胶囊封口：将填充好的胶囊，按国家标准封好口。
5、检验包装：将封好口的胶囊，检验合格，包装成为正式产品，调配混合是将配方中的原料按其物理特性进行混合的过程。搅拌工序是将混合后的原料充分搅拌均匀的过程。胶囊填充工序是将搅拌均匀的原料，送入填充机，填充于胶囊的过程。胶囊封口工序是将填充好原料的胶囊进行封口的过程。检验包装工序是将封好口的胶囊，检验合格，包装成为正式产品的过程。
七、质量标准：
1、理化指标
2、服用方法：每日三次，每次0.5-1.0克，饭后服用，儿童减半。
3、适应人群：适应于各年龄段的人群。
八、具体实施方式：
实施例：取银杏提取物15千克、杏仁提取物30千克、百合提取物30千克、麦冬提取物25千克、蘑菇提取物30千克、仙人掌提取物30千克、紫锥菊提取物20千克、沙棘提取物40千克、萝卜硫素10千克、金属硫蛋白10千克、叶绿素10千克、海藻酸钠50千克为原料混合，并充分搅拌均匀，送入填充机，将原料填充于胶囊中，为了避免胶囊中的原料成分不易消耗和胶囊开口，对胶囊封口，检验合格，包装成为正式产品。
Claims (1)
1.防PM2.5清肺护肺胶囊胶囊制作工艺，其特征为：银杏提取物15千克、杏仁提取物30千克、百合提取物30千克、麦冬提取物25千克、蘑菇提取物30千克、仙人掌提取物30千克、紫锥菊提取物20千克、沙棘提取物40千克、萝卜硫素10千克、金属硫蛋白10千克、叶绿素10千克、海藻酸钠50千克为原料，经过将以上原料按物理特性混合，充分搅拌均匀，送入填充机，将原料填充于胶囊中，胶囊封口，检验合格，包装成为正式产品。
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| CN107174558A (zh) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-19 | 杭州千岛湖蓝色天使实业有限公司 | 一种防雾霾化妆水 |
| CN107174559A (zh) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-19 | 杭州千岛湖蓝色天使实业有限公司 | 一种抗雾霾面膜 |
| CN108272072A (zh) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-07-13 | 上海朗礼健康科技有限公司 | 抗雾霾保健食品或药物及其制备方法 |
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