CN103170588A - Thermal mold casting method - Google Patents
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- CN103170588A CN103170588A CN2013101409393A CN201310140939A CN103170588A CN 103170588 A CN103170588 A CN 103170588A CN 2013101409393 A CN2013101409393 A CN 2013101409393A CN 201310140939 A CN201310140939 A CN 201310140939A CN 103170588 A CN103170588 A CN 103170588A
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Abstract
The invention provides a thermal mold casting method. The thermal mold casting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: heating a casting mold by a heater, or heating the casting mold by utilizing heat conducted by a metal melt before entering the casting mold so as to maintain the temperature of the casting mold to be in the range lower than the temperature of a solid phase line of metal and higher than the cooling temperature of the casting mold; carrying out forced cooling on the metal by a cooler arranged near an outlet of the casting mold; and drawing a metal casting blank by using a traction mechanism. The thermal mold casting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the application range is wide, the promotion value is very large, high-quality metal casting blanks with excellent performance, good surface smoothness, high size accuracy, high compactness, more uniform components, columnar crystal parallel or approximately parallel to the jiggering direction in the metal and isometric crystal concurrent microstructures on the surface layer of the metal can be produced with low energy consumption and high efficiency, and the subsequent plastic processing with a large screw-down rate can be carried out according to the need.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the metal casting technical field, a kind of warm type casting method particularly is provided.
Background technology
Be cast in the production of metal and have very important status.Continuous increase along with metal material kind and product variety, the quick expansion of application, and the raising day by day of the fast development of new and high technology and people's living standard, the world faces the present situation of ecological deterioration, natural resources and energy resources shortage, and is more and more higher to the requirement of energy-saving and cost-reducing, short flow process, high efficiency, low cost and the slab quality of metal casting process.
Casting mold is to make liquid metal become solid metallic in casting, obtains the container of required form strand, is critical component and " heart " in casting, and the Quality and yield of strand is played an important role.The casting mold that the metal current casting is adopted mainly contains cooling casting mold (being called for short " cold mould "), heated mold (being called for short " pattern of fever ") and two-phase section casting mold.
Traditional continuous cast method of now extensive industrialized implementation and D.C.casting method are exactly the cooling casting mold that adopts, namely force cooling by the casting mold surrounding is applied recirculated water, make below the solidus temperature of mold temperature far below metal, at first metal bath solidifies under the chilling effect of casting mold, and gradually to center growth, the final microstructure that obtains from casting billet surface toward core is respectively tiny equiax crystal, perpendicular to the column crystal on surface and the strand of thick equiax crystal.Adopt traditional continuous cast method and the D.C.casting method of cooling casting mold to have the production efficiency advantages of higher, but exist easy formation dendritic crystal, produce segregation, shrinkage cavity and the defective such as loose, cc billet surface quality is relatively poor, need to mill face before follow-up plastic working, stock utilization is low, technological process is long, production cost is high, and the casting blank deformation performance is generally bad, product quality be difficult to satisfy the problems such as higher instructions for use [Zhang Xiaoping, Liang Aisheng. near net shape casting. Beijing: metallurgical industry publishing house, 2001]; And for the metal with wide solid-liquid two-phase region, adopt the cold mould continuous cast method more to be difficult to prepare high-quality strand.
Emerging semisolid continuous casting method is also the cooling casting mold that adopts, flow in cooling casting mold by the semi solid slurry with preparation, make semi solid slurry realize rapid solidification under the surrounding chilling action of casting mold, obtain strand [the Flemings M C. Behavior of metal alloys in the semisolid state. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A that tiny eutectic that microstructure forms by the primary phase with the flower-shaped or non-dendrite that class is spherical of rose and residue liquid phase Quench consists of, 1991,22A(5): 957-981; Zhang Kui, etc. electromagnetic stirring method continuous casting semi-solid aluminium alloy and solidified structure analysis thereof. the China YouSe Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2000,10(1): 47-50].The preparation of the semisolid continuous casting method is applicable to have solid-liquid two-phase region (particularly wide solid-liquid two-phase region) metal strand, the gained casting blank crystal grains is tiny, there is not gross segregation, performance is even, be easy to near-net forming, but can not be used for the cast form of simple metal and eutectic alloy, exist cc billet surface quality relatively poor, strand is inner easily produces shrinkage cavity, the defective such as loose, and production efficiency is lower, the casting process technological parameter is wayward, combination property strand is difficult to satisfy the deficiencies such as higher instructions for use.
Adopt the continuous cast method of heated mold to be called hot-mold continuous cast method (claiming again the continuous directional solidification method), that cooling casting mold with the cold mould continuous casting changes heated mold into (namely by casting mold is heated, more than making the liquidus temperature of mold temperature higher than metal), force cooling to frozen metal near casting mold outlet, in the frozen metal and do not set up between solidified melt along the high-temperature gradient of throwing direction, make it possess the directional solidification condition, thereby obtain to have the continuous columnar of unidirectional solidification or the endless strand of single crystal organization continuously.Utilize the hot-mold continuous cast method can obtain the strand that surface smoothness is good, have continuous columnar or single crystal organization and properties for follow excellence, the casting mold heating-up temperature is high, energy consumption is large but exist, easy bleedout, production efficiency is low, the cross-sectional area of product is less, and the not enough [Xie Jianxin such as cast form that are difficult to use in the wider metal of solid-liquid two-phase region, Deng. materials processing new technology and new technology. Beijing: metallurgical industry publishing house, 2004].
what directional freeze method adopted equally is heated mold, to adopt compulsive means in process of setting, in the frozen metal with do not set up the thermograde of specific direction in solidified melt, thereby melt is solidified along the direction opposite with hot-fluid, can obtain to have the column crystal of unidirectional solidification or the strand of single crystal organization and excellent performance, but it is high to exist the casting mold heating-up temperature, energy consumption is large, the strand limited length, be prone to equiax crystal at the strand top, and coarse grains, and the cast form that is difficult to use in the wider metal of solid-liquid two-phase region, the shortcomings such as production efficiency is low [Zhou Yaohe, Hu Zhuanqi, be situated between ten thousand strange. solidification technology. Beijing: China Machine Press, 1998].
The two-phase section casting method is that the inventor waits a kind of novel foundry engieering that proposes, authorized national inventing patent [Liu Xuefeng. a kind of mold temperature is Casting Equipment and the method for solid-liquid two-phase region temperature. Chinese invention patent, grant number ZL201010148612.7 authorizes a day 2012-10-03].what the two-phase section casting method adopted is the two-phase section casting mold, that mold temperature is controlled in the solid-liquid two-phase region temperature range of metal (namely by casting mold is heated, mold temperature is remained between the solidus temperature and liquidus temperature of metal), and force cooling to frozen metal near two-phase section casting mold outlet, the casting billet surface fineness that obtains is good, dense structure, component distributing is comparatively even, has brilliant peritectic structure, plastic deformation ability, mechanical property, physical property and chemical property are good, but can not be used for the cast form of simple metal and eutectic alloy, and it is high to exist the casting mold heating-up temperature, energy consumption is large, casting speed can not wait not enough too soon.
In sum, adopt the casting method of existing cooling casting mold, heated mold and two-phase section casting mold to be difficult to satisfy simultaneously that energy resource consumption is relatively low, production efficiency is high, the requirement such as the casting billet surface of shaping and internal soundness are good, follow-up plastic deformation ability and mechanical property excellence.Therefore, problem for present casting method existence, develop a kind of high novel casting method of energy savings, production efficiency and lumber recovery, make that the metal strand surface smoothness of producing is good, dense structure, component distributing be comparatively even, the excellent combination property such as plastic deformation ability and mechanical property, tool is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of warm type casting method, that mold temperature is controlled at the low heating temperature zone of metal (namely by casting mold is heated, mold temperature is remained in solidus temperature and the scope higher than cooling mold temperature lower than metal, is " low-heat casting mold " hereinafter referred to as this kind casting mold) casting method (below be called " warm type casting ").due to the low-heat mold temperature of the warm type casting temperature lower than heated mold and two-phase section casting mold, and higher than the temperature of cooling casting mold, therefore can solve traditional continuous casting, casting billet surface fineness and quality and performance that D.C.casting and semi-solid casting making method are produced are relatively poor, hot-mold continuous cast method production efficiency is low, energy consumption is higher, be difficult to production heavy in section strand, easy bleedout, directional freeze method production efficiency is low, energy consumption is higher, the strand limited length, yield poorly, two-phase section casting method energy consumption is higher, casting speed can not be too fast, and semi-solid casting and two-phase section casting method can't be used for the problems such as preparation of simple metal and eutectic alloy.
A kind of warm type casting method of a kind of warm type casting method of the present invention, be by casting mold is heated, mold temperature to be controlled at the method that the low heating temperature zone of metal casts, described low heating temperature zone is to instigate mold temperature to remain in solidus temperature and the scope higher than cooling mold temperature lower than metal; The casting mold that temperature is controlled at the low heating temperature zone of metal is the low-heat casting mold.
Described warm type casting method comprises step: metal bath is flowed into the low-heat casting mold from crucible; The low-heat casting mold is heated to the low heating temperature zone of metal under heater or metal bath conductive force; Near the cooler that arranges exporting by the low-heat casting mold is directly forced cooling to the metal surface of solidifying fully, under the effect of haulage gear, and continuous drawing metal strand; The required cooling velocity of metal is controlled by the casting speed V of haulage gear, intensity of cooling and the heater of cooler.
Further, described heater adopts external heat source or load coil.
Further, implement secondary near the basis of the cooler that arranges described low-heat casting mold outlet cooling.
Further: described crucible replaces with tundish, is used for producing continuously.
Preferably, described warm type casting method is crucible to be positioned over air or vacuum or to be filled with nitrogen or to be filled with in the environment of inert gas shielding to cast; Whole cast form process can adopt Artificial Control or computer control; The warm type casting method can be any in pull-down, arc form, horizontal or top-guiding type; Can adopt as required 10%～40% passage heavy reduction rate directly to carry out follow-up plastic working, to omit the intermediate annealing operation.
Further, described warm type casting method is to add continuously temperature to be in the tundish of metal solid-liquid two-phase region prefabricated metal solid-liquid mixture or semi solid slurry; Tundish is positioned over air or vacuum or is filled with nitrogen or is filled with in the environment of inert gas shielding; Whole cast form process adopts Artificial Control or computer control; The warm type casting method adopts any in pull-down, arc form, horizontal or top-guiding type; Can adopt as required 10%～40% passage heavy reduction rate directly to carry out follow-up plastic working, can omit the intermediate annealing operation.
Further, described warm type casting method is first to be added into the required heterogeneous phase material of composite that preparation contains heterogeneous phase in metal bath; Crucible (2) is positioned over air or vacuum or is filled with nitrogen or is filled with in the environment of inert gas shielding; Whole cast form process adopts Artificial Control or computer control; The warm type casting method adopts any in pull-down, arc form, horizontal or top-guiding type; Can adopt as required 10%～40% passage heavy reduction rate directly to carry out follow-up plastic working, can omit the intermediate annealing operation.
The metal material that described warm type casting method is prepared is to have parallel or approximate column crystal and the equiax crystal of metal surface and the heterogeneous microstructure of depositing that is parallel to the throwing direction of metal inside.
Major advantage of the present invention is:
1. the metal strand surface smoothness that adopts the warm type casting method to be shaped is good, has special institutional framework (being the parallel or approximate column crystal of throwing direction and the equiax crystal of metal surface and the heterogeneous microstructure of depositing of being parallel to of metal inside), dense structure, component distributing are comparatively even, and plastic deformation ability, mechanical property, physical property and chemical property are better than the conventional cast blank of identical component metal.
2. the warm type casting method is applied widely, nearly all metal all can be realized warm type cast form, as simple metal, iron and steel, aluminium alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy etc., also can be used for the shaping of laminar composite, gradient composites and the homogeneous composite material of this metalloid, and can produce the products such as metal wire rod, tubing, sheet material, band, bar and section bar by near-net forming.
3. the warm type casting method has great promotional value, as long as cooling casting mold, heated mold and the two-phase section casting mold that will have now in casting method change the low-heat casting mold into, all can develop corresponding warm type casting method.
4. warm type casting method energy savings, reduce consuming, and production efficiency is high.
5. the metal strand that adopts the warm type casting method to be shaped can carry out follow-up heavy reduction rate plastic working as required, can omit and carry out the intermediate annealing operation, has greatly simplified technique, has reduced production cost, has improved product quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of a kind of warm type casting method of the present invention.Wherein (1) is metal bath; (2) be crucible; (3) be the low-heat casting mold; (4) be heater; (5) be the metal strand; (6) be cooler; (7) be dummy bar; (8) be haulage gear.
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal section microstructure of warm type cast form fine copper.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is specifically described; be necessary to be pointed out that at this present embodiment only is used for the present invention is further illustrated; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the those of skill in the art in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to the content of the invention described above.
Diameter is that the fine aluminium bar warm type continuous casting of 20mm is shaped.Melt 1 flows into low-heat casting mold 3 from the crucible 2 that is filled with argon shield; Regulate the power of induction heater 4, controlling low-heat casting mold 3 temperature is 550 ℃; It is that 15 ℃, flow are that the cooling water of 1000L/h is forced cooling to fine aluminium that cooler 6 adopts temperature; Haulage gear 8 carries out continuous drawing with the casting speed of 50mm/min, obtains fine aluminium bar 5.Prepared fine aluminium Surface of Rod Bar fineness is good, dense internal organization, and microscopic appearance mainly is made of the inner parallel or approximate column crystal that is parallel to the throwing direction of fine aluminium bar and the equiax crystal on fine aluminium bar top layer and the microstructure of depositing, and the quality and performance excellence.
The outer square length of side is that 20mm, inner circular aperture diameter are the pure copper section warm type continuous casting shaping of 10mm.Fine copper melt 1 flows into low-heat casting mold 3 from the crucible 2 that is filled with argon shield; Regulate the power of induction heater 4, controlling low-heat casting mold 3 temperature is 900 ℃; It is that 18 ℃, flow are that the cooling water of 600L/h is forced cooling to fine copper that cooler 6 adopts temperature; Haulage gear 8 carries out continuous drawing with the casting speed of 100mm/min, obtains pure copper section 5.Prepared fine copper square-outside and round-inside section bar surfaces externally and internally fineness is good, dense internal organization, microscopic appearance mainly is made of the inner parallel or approximate column crystal that is parallel to the throwing direction of pure copper section and the equiax crystal on pure copper section top layer and the microstructure of depositing, and the quality and performance excellence.
Width is that 25mm, thickness are the Cu-12wt%Al aluminium bronze sheet material warm type continuous casting shaping of 5mm.Cu-12wt%Al aluminium bronze melt 1 flows into low-heat casting mold 3 from crucible 2; Regulate the power of induction heater 4, controlling low-heat casting mold 3 temperature is 850 ℃; It is that 20 ℃, flow are that the cooling water of 800L/h is forced cooling to the Cu-12wt%Al aluminium bronze that cooler 6 adopts temperature; Haulage gear 8 carries out continuous drawing with the casting speed of 80mm/min, obtains Cu-12wt%Al aluminium bronze sheet material 5.Prepared Cu-12wt%Al aluminium bronze plate surface fineness is good, chemical constituents analysis is comparatively even, dense internal organization, microscopic appearance mainly is made of the inner parallel or approximate column crystal that is parallel to the throwing direction of aluminium bronze sheet material and the equiax crystal on aluminium bronze sheet material top layer and the microstructure of depositing, and the quality and performance excellence.
Diameter is that the Al-4.5wt%Mg almag wire rod warm type continuous casting of 10mm is shaped.Al-4.5wt%Mg almag melt 1 flows into low-heat casting mold 3 from crucible 2; Regulate the power of induction heater 4, controlling low-heat casting mold 3 temperature is 500 ℃; It is that 17 ℃, flow are that the cooling water of 1300L/h is forced cooling to the Al-4.5wt%Mg almag that cooler 6 adopts temperature; Haulage gear 8 carries out continuous drawing with the casting speed of 40mm/min, obtains Al-4.5wt%Mg almag wire rod 5.Prepared Al-4.5wt%Mg almag wire rod surface smoothness is good, chemical constituents analysis is comparatively even, dense internal organization, microscopic appearance mainly is made of the inner parallel or approximate column crystal that is parallel to the throwing direction of almag wire rod and the equiax crystal on almag wire rod top layer and the microstructure of depositing, and the quality and performance excellence.
External diameter is that 12mm, wall thickness are the BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy alloy pipe warm type continuous casting shaping of 2mm.BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy alloy melt 1 flows into low-heat casting mold 3 from crucible 2; Regulate the power of induction heater 4, controlling low-heat casting mold 3 temperature is 920 ℃; It is that 15 ℃, flow are that the cooling water of 900L/h is forced cooling to BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy alloy that cooler 6 adopts temperature; Haulage gear 8 carries out continuous drawing with the casting speed of 120mm/min, obtains BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy alloy pipe 5.Prepared BFe10-1-1 copper-nickel alloy alloy pipe surfaces externally and internally fineness is good, chemical constituents analysis is comparatively even, dense internal organization, microscopic appearance mainly is made of the inner parallel or approximate column crystal that is parallel to the throwing direction of copper-nickel alloy alloy pipe and the equiax crystal on copper-nickel alloy alloy pipe top layer and the microstructure of depositing, and the quality and performance excellence.
Diameter is that the Cu-4.7wt%Sn tin bronze alloys wire rod warm type continuous casting of 10mm is shaped.Solid volume fraction is that 10% Cu-4.7wt%Sn tin bronze alloys semi solid slurry 1 flows into low-heat casting mold 3 from the crucible 2 that is filled with argon shield; Regulate the power of induction heater 4, controlling low-heat casting mold 3 temperature is 830 ℃; It is that 20 ℃, flow are that the cooling water of 1000L/h is forced cooling to the Cu-4.7wt%Sn tin bronze alloys that cooler 6 adopts temperature; Haulage gear 8 carries out continuous drawing with the casting speed of 60mm/min, obtains Cu-4.7wt%Sn tin bronze alloys wire rod 5.Prepared Cu-4.7wt%Sn tin bronze alloys wire surface fineness is good, chemical constituents analysis is comparatively even, dense internal organization, microscopic appearance mainly is made of the parallel or approximate column crystal that is parallel to the throwing direction of tin bronze alloys wire internal, the equiax crystal that is positioned at tin bronze alloys wire rod top layer and globular crystal and the microstructure of depositing, and quality and performance is excellent.
Diameter is that the aluminum matrix composite wire rod warm type continuous casting of 15mm is shaped.Al
2O
3The particle solid volume fraction is that 15% aluminum matrix composite melt 1 flows into low-heat casting mold 3 from the crucible 2 that is filled with argon shield; Regulate the power of induction heater 4, controlling low-heat casting mold 3 temperature is 570 ℃; It is that 18 ℃, flow are that the cooling water of 1200L/h is forced cooling to aluminum matrix composite that cooler 6 adopts temperature; Haulage gear 8 carries out continuous drawing with the casting speed of 40mm/min, obtains aluminum matrix composite wire rod 5.Prepared aluminum matrix composite wire surface fineness is good, Al
2O
3Distribution of particles is comparatively even, dense internal organization, microscopic appearance mainly by the parallel or approximate column crystal that is parallel to the throwing direction of aluminum matrix composite wire internal, be positioned at equiax crystal and the Al on aluminum matrix composite wire rod top layer
2O
3Particle and the microstructure of depositing consist of, and quality and performance is excellent.
Claims (9)
1. warm type casting method, it is characterized in that: described warm type casting method is by casting mold is heated, mold temperature to be controlled at the method that the low heating temperature zone of metal casts, and described low heating temperature zone is to instigate mold temperature to remain in solidus temperature and the scope higher than cooling mold temperature lower than metal; The casting mold that temperature is controlled at the low heating temperature zone of metal is the low-heat casting mold.
2. a kind of warm type casting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described warm type casting method comprises step: metal bath (1) is flowed into low-heat casting mold (3) from crucible (2); Low-heat casting mold (3) is heated to the low heating temperature zone of metal under heater (4) or metal bath (1) conductive force; Near the cooler (6) that arranges exporting by low-heat casting mold (3) is directly forced cooling to the metal surface of solidifying fully, under the effect of haulage gear (8), and continuous drawing metal strand (5); The required cooling velocity of metal is controlled by the casting speed V of haulage gear (8), intensity of cooling and the heater (4) of cooler (6).
3. a kind of warm type casting method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described heater (4) adopts external heat source or load coil.
4. a kind of warm type casting method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, implements secondary cooling near the basis of the cooler (6) that arranges described low-heat casting mold (3) outlet.
5. a kind of warm type casting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described crucible (2) replaces with tundish, is used for producing continuously.
6. a kind of warm type casting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described warm type casting method is crucible (2) to be positioned over air or vacuum or to be filled with nitrogen or to be filled with in the environment of inert gas shielding to cast; Whole cast form process can adopt Artificial Control or computer control; The warm type casting method can be any in pull-down, arc form, horizontal or top-guiding type; Can adopt as required 10%～40% passage heavy reduction rate directly to carry out follow-up plastic working, to omit the intermediate annealing operation.
7. a kind of warm type casting method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described warm type casting method is to add continuously temperature to be in the tundish of metal solid-liquid two-phase region prefabricated metal solid-liquid mixture or semi solid slurry; Tundish is positioned over air or vacuum or is filled with nitrogen or is filled with in the environment of inert gas shielding; Whole cast form process adopts Artificial Control or computer control; The warm type casting method adopts any in pull-down, arc form, horizontal or top-guiding type; Can adopt as required 10%～40% passage heavy reduction rate directly to carry out follow-up plastic working, can omit the intermediate annealing operation.
8. a kind of warm type casting method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described warm type casting method is first to be added into the required heterogeneous phase material of composite that preparation contains heterogeneous phase in metal bath; Crucible (2) is positioned over air or vacuum or is filled with nitrogen or is filled with in the environment of inert gas shielding; Whole cast form process adopts Artificial Control or computer control; The warm type casting method adopts any in pull-down, arc form, horizontal or top-guiding type; Can adopt as required 10%～40% passage heavy reduction rate directly to carry out follow-up plastic working, can omit the intermediate annealing operation.
9. a kind of warm type casting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the metal material that described warm type casting method is prepared is to have parallel or approximate column crystal and the equiax crystal of metal surface and the heterogeneous microstructure of depositing that is parallel to the throwing direction of metal inside.
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| CN104001879A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-08-27 | 北京科技大学 | Continuous casting device and method of continuous straight-through multi-hole materials |
| CN104353795A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-02-18 | 北京科技大学 | Continuous directional solidification technology adopting temperature gradient crystallizer |
| CN104818443A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 北京科技大学 | Short-process efficient production method of copper-sliver alloy wire |
| CN104858379A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-08-26 | 北京科技大学 | Gradient temperature casting mold casting method |
| CN105149529A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-16 | 江苏华威铜业有限公司 | Temperature-controlled metal casting method |
| CN108188363A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-06-22 | 乐山师范学院 | Amorphous magnesium alloy melt-spun integrally uses crucible |
| CN108543919A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-18 | 湖南工学院 | A kind of high-performance Mg-Zn-Zr alloy short flow processes |
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| CN108543919A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-18 | 湖南工学院 | A kind of high-performance Mg-Zn-Zr alloy short flow processes |
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| CN103170588B (en) | 2015-10-21 |
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