CN103158490B - A kind of automotive air-conditioning system - Google Patents
A kind of automotive air-conditioning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103158490B CN103158490B CN201110424095.6A CN201110424095A CN103158490B CN 103158490 B CN103158490 B CN 103158490B CN 201110424095 A CN201110424095 A CN 201110424095A CN 103158490 B CN103158490 B CN 103158490B
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Abstract
A kind of automotive air-conditioning system, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger that comprise compressor, be positioned at vapour liquid separator before compressor inlet, arranges respectively, is positioned at compartment outside heat exchangers, orifice union outside compartment; Operating mode demand in the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger compartment carries out heat supply, cooling or dehumidifying to described compartment; The first heat exchanger is connected with the exhaust outlet of compressor, automotive air-conditioning system has: refrigeration mode, heating mode, demist pattern, deice mode be totally four kinds of mode of operations, in the time of dehumidifying, the wind being sent in compartment is that first described the second heat exchanger of process dries and then passes through the first heat exchanger, can select whether to heat at described the first heat exchanger, and then wind is delivered in compartment; Delivering to like this temperature of the wind in compartment can select, and has improved like this comfort level.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile air conditioning technology field, particularly a kind of electric automobile air-conditioning system.
Background technology
Along with the development of low-carbon economy, energy-saving and emission-reduction have been proposed to stricter requirement, electric automobile due toThere is the feature of energy-conserving and environment-protective, become one of development of automobile aspect from now on. But electric automobile is owing to using battery to doFor power resources, its air-conditioning system is also different from original automotive air-conditioning system.
Traditional internal combustion engine type automobile, can utilize the waste heat of internal combustion engine and the heat of engine exhaust to heatCompartment, and the power of electric automobile mainly comes from motor, the heat that has lacked engine can utilize, fromAnd be difficult to reach the heating requirement in winter. In prior art, in order to realize the temperature in the compartment of electric automobileRemain on the temperature that human body sensory is comfortable, some employings various ways in compartment, heat, as adopt independenceThermal source, utilizes PTC heating; Or utilize the fuel heating such as gasoline, kerosene, ethanol; Also the employing havingReclaimer waste heat, the more auxiliary independent thermal source that adopts; The employing heat pump also having ensures temperature in compartment etc.
But, in above-mentioned various mode of heatings, if adopt independent thermal source, such as: purely use PTC to enterRow heating, needs to consume the energy of more battery, and then can reduce the distance travelled of automobile; If adopt combustionMaterial heating, not only the efficiency of heating surface is lower, but also can environment be produced and be polluted, and can increase the negative of automobile simultaneouslyCarry. In addition, in winter, near dew-point temperature car inner glass is during higher than the temperature of outside glass, meetingProduce fog, the sight line to driver and exerting an influence, at this moment needs demist, and removes in current air conditioning for automobilesBlowing cold air in compartment when mist can cause uncomfortable in compartment in the time that weather is relatively cold. And work as outside carTemperature is during lower than zero degree, may rain or snow amass on the surface of car external heat exchanger, cause heating operationTime, Energy Efficiency Ratio reduces, thus need deicing or defrosting, to improve heat exchange efficiency. And existing air conditioning for automobilesWhen middle deicing, in compartment, be nonventilated, can cause temperature in compartment to decline, can make like this comfort level in carHave a greatly reduced quality. So, for air conditioning for automobiles, need to have demist and deicing function. So at present, originallyWhat the technical staff in field need to solve at present has following technical problem: in the time of needs demist and deicing, asWhat keeps the temperature in compartment, to improve comfortableness; Make in addition electric automobile air-conditioning system keep relatively highEfficiency; Can ensure the optimization of the cost performance (initial cost, operating cost and performance) of air-conditioning system.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of automotive air-conditioning system, adopts heat pump, makes electricityElectrical automobile air-conditioning system can be moved under round-the-clock complicated weather, to ensure comfort level relative in car;The initial manufacturing cost dropping into is relatively low simultaneously. For this reason, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of automotive air-conditioning system, comprise compressor, be positioned at vapour liquid separator before compressor inlet, pointNot She Zhi the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, be positioned at compartment outside heat exchangers, joint outside compartmentStream assembly; Described the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are given described compartment according to the operating mode demand in compartmentCarry out heat supply, cooling or demist; Described the first heat exchanger is connected with the exhaust outlet of compressor, and the first heat is handed overWhat in parallel operation, pass through is the refrigerant of HTHP, selectively to provide heat in compartment;
Described automotive air-conditioning system has: refrigeration mode, heating mode, demist pattern, deice mode totally fourPlant mode of operation;
Described automotive air-conditioning system also comprises the blower fan of blowing in compartment, in the time of dehumidification mode, passes throughDescribed the second heat exchanger be the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, the wind being sent in compartment is first to pass through described the second heatInterchanger dries and then passes through the first heat exchanger, and then wind is delivered in compartment; Described the first heatInterchanger can heat or not heat optionally to the wind after dehumidifying according to the operating mode in compartment, withEnsure the comfort level in compartment.
Preferably, in the time of heating mode, make the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger become to heat simultaneously and changeHot device, the refrigerant of HTHP first by the first heat exchanger, again by the second heat exchanger, and be sent to carWind in railway carriage or compartment be first carry out through the second lower slightly heat exchanger of refrigerant temperature that heat exchange tentatively heats up and thenBy being sent to again in compartment after the first higher heat exchanger of refrigerant temperature.
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system also comprises cross valve, and cross valve comprises high pressure runner and lowpressure streamRoad, the import of described the first heat exchanger is connected with the air exit of described compressor, the height of described cross valveThe import in baric flow road is connected with the outlet of described the first heat exchanger, and the going out of the low pressure runner of described cross valveMouth is connected with the import of the vapour liquid separator arranging before compressor; The refrigeration mode of described automotive air-conditioning system,Refrigerant when refrigeration mode and demist pattern in heating mode, demist pattern, four kinds of mode of operations of deice modeThe type of flow is identical.
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system also comprises the first electromagnetic three-way control valve, the first electromagnetic three-way controlAn interface of valve processed is connected with described the second heat exchanger, another one interface with before described compressor, establishThe import of the vapour liquid separator of putting connects, and also has an interface connecting joint fluid element; By described cross valve,With the action of the first electromagnetic three-way control valve realize described automotive air-conditioning system refrigeration mode, heating mode,The switching of demist pattern, four kinds of mode of operations of deice mode.
Preferably, in the time of refrigeration mode, the type of flow of refrigerant is: the refrigerant of HTHP goes out from compressorCome through the first heat exchanger, then arrive again compartment outside heat exchangers through the high pressure runner of cross valve,Here carry out heat exchange with air, refrigerant is after Bas Discharged heat, and refrigerant is undertaken by orifice union againThrottling, the fluid that becomes low-temp low-pressure arrives the first electromagnetic three-way control valve, and the first electromagnetic three-way control valve is logicalOpen to the first interface of described the second heat exchanger, and the first electromagnetic three-way control valve leads to described vapour-liquid and dividesThe second interface from device is closed; Then refrigerant enters the second heat exchange after by the first electromagnetic three-way control valve againDevice, here with compartment in air carry out heat exchange, draw unnecessary heat in compartment, freeze;Refrigerant is through after the second heat exchanger, then by the low pressure runner of cross valve, enters described vapour liquid separator,Last refrigerant is got back to compressor and is completed kind of refrigeration cycle;
Preferably, in the time of heating mode, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous state of HTHP is coldMatchmaker from compressor out, through the first heat exchanger, carries out heat exchange with the air in compartment, and refrigerant absorbsAfter airborne cold, after cross valve, refrigerant arrives the second heat exchanger in compartment again,Air in two heat exchangers refrigerant and compartment also carries out heat exchange, and then refrigerant is after the second heat exchangerAfter arriving the first electromagnetic three-way control valve, refrigerant enters orifice union and carries out throttling, low-temp low-pressure after throttlingRefrigerant arrive compartment outside heat exchangers, in compartment outside heat exchangers, refrigerant and outside air carry outHeat exchange; After compartment outside heat exchangers refrigerant absorbs the heat in extraneous air, get back to cross valve, pass throughThe low pressure runner of cross valve arrives vapour liquid separator, finally gets back to compressor and completes one and heat circulation;
Preferably, in the time of demist pattern, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous state of HTHP is coldWhether matchmaker from compressor out, through the first heat exchanger, can select through the refrigerant of the first heat exchangerProduce heat exchange with air, then refrigerant through the high pressure runner of cross valve laggard enter compartment outside heat exchangers,And carry out heat exchange with air, and refrigerant is after Bas Discharged heat, and refrigerant carries out throttling by orifice union,Then the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure is after the first electromagnetic three-way control valve, then enters the second heat exchanger; At thisIn air in refrigerant and compartment carry out heat exchange, and dehumidify or demist, condensed water is by the pipe arrangingDischarge in road, and refrigerant is through after the second heat exchanger, then by the low pressure runner of cross valve, then enter vapourLiquid/gas separator, finally gets back to compressor and completes a demist circulation;
Preferably, in the time of deice mode, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous state of HTHP is coldMatchmaker from compressor out, is introduced into the first heat exchanger, and by the high pressure runner of cross valve, enters compartmentOuter heat-exchanger, vehicle cabin outer heat-exchanger here, makes frost or the ice of compartment outer heat-exchanger outer surfaceMelt; Then refrigerant is by after orifice union throttling, and refrigerant becomes the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, and through firstElectromagnetic three-way control valve, then gets back to vapour liquid separator, and at vapour liquid separator, liquid refrigerants is stayed vapour-liquid and dividedIn device, gaseous coolant is got back to compressor and is carried out next one circulation.
Preferably, described in the capacity that can be used for the storage space of storing refrigerant liquid in described vapour liquid separator isThe 30-60% of heat pump coolant injection amount.
Alternatively, described orifice union is can two-way circulate to carry out electric expansion valve or the heating power expansion valve of throttling,And in the time of deice mode, it is maximum that the aperture of electric expansion valve or heating power expansion valve reaches, now its through-flowThe long-pending maximum that reaches. And it is overheated that the aperture of described electric expansion valve or heating power expansion valve is not passed through in the time of deice modeDegree is controlled, but in program, carries out setup control in advance.
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system arranges a return air inlet in compartment, will blow to cold in compartmentWind is sent to heat generating components by airduct again behind compartment, with cooling this heat generating components.
Preferably, be provided with the first air door at the air inlet of described the first heat exchanger, the first air door can nothingLevel regulates, thereby the adjusting by described the first air door realizes the ratio of air quantity by the first heat exchangerControl and regulation;
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system is also provided with ptc heater in described compartment, is heatingWhen pattern by optionally moving described ptc heater to control the temperature in compartment, and to described carWind in railway carriage or compartment is first by the first heat exchanger, send by described ptc heater and then in compartment againWind.
Alternatively, described compartment outside heat exchangers is also provided with a bypass passageways, and described air conditioning for automobiles isSystem is provided with a second electromagnetic three-way control valve 28 and controls the switching of bypass passageways, in the time of demist pattern,Refrigerant directly passes through from the stream of bypass passageways, and not by described compartment outside heat exchangers.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: air-conditioning system of the present invention is in compartmentTemperature control is provided with respectively the second heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger, and both arrange respectively, can avoidThe first heat exchanger and the are opened in the impact of high low temperature in these two heat exchangers, and when demist pattern simultaneouslyTwo heat exchangers, realizes the effect of heating again of dehumidifying simultaneously, ensures the humiture in compartment, thereby meets carComfort level requirement in railway carriage or compartment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention in the time of refrigeration mode;
Fig. 2 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention in the time of heating mode;
Fig. 3 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention in the time of demist pattern;
Fig. 4 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention in the time of deice mode;
Fig. 5 is the wet schematic diagram of the enthalpy of the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention while dehumidifying in the time of demist pattern;
Fig. 6 is the pressure-enthalpy chart of the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention in the time of deice mode;
Fig. 7 is the pipeline connection diagram (refrigeration mode) of the second detailed description of the invention of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the pipeline connection diagram (refrigeration mode) of the third detailed description of the invention of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing pairThe specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention belongs to heat pump, has: refrigeration mode, heating mode, demistPattern, deice mode be totally four kinds of mode of operations. The first detailed description of the invention of the present invention is as Fig. 1-Fig. 6 instituteShow, wherein Fig. 1 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention in the time of refrigeration mode,Fig. 2 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention in the time of heating mode, and Fig. 3 is thisThe pipeline connection diagram of invention the first detailed description of the invention in the time of demist pattern, Fig. 4 is the present invention firstPlant the pipeline connection diagram of detailed description of the invention in the time of deice mode, Fig. 5 is that the first of the present invention is specifically realThe wet schematic diagram of enthalpy when the mode of executing dehumidifies in the time of demist pattern, Fig. 6 is the first detailed description of the invention of the present inventionPressure-enthalpy chart in the time of deice mode. Wherein the dotted line in figure represents that this place's pipeline is cut off obstructed.
As shown in Figure 1, automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention comprises compressor 10, is positioned at compressor inletBefore vapour liquid separator 11, the first heat exchanger 18 that is positioned at compartment and the second heat exchanger 17, be positioned atCompartment outside heat exchangers 13 and orifice union outside compartment; The first heat exchanger in described compartment andTwo heat exchangers is selected to carry out heat supply, cooling or demist to described compartment according to the operating mode demand in compartment. TheOne heat exchanger 18 and the second heat exchanger 17 also can be arranged at outside compartment, by air supply duct to compartmentInterior air-supply.
Wherein the import of the first heat exchanger 18 is connected with the air exit of compressor 10, and air-conditioning system is also wrappedDraw together cross valve 12, cross valve 12 comprises high pressure runner and low pressure runner, the high pressure runner of cross valve 12High-pressure inlet 125 is connected with the outlet of the first heat exchanger 18 in compartment, and cross valve 12 low pressure runnersLow tension outlet 126 is connected with the import of the vapour liquid separator 11 arranging before compressor. It is cross valve 12The high-pressure inlet of high pressure runner with being connected of low tension outlet of low pressure runner fix, and cross valve 12The outlet of high pressure runner, can switch by action with the import of low pressure runner.
In the time that need to freeze in compartment summer, the refrigerant circulation circuit of air conditioner heat pump system is refrigeration mode, warpThe stream of crossing cross valve 12 switches to refrigeration mode, heat exchange outside the high-pressure outlet of cross valve 12 and compartmentDevice 13 connects. In when refrigeration, making the first air door 25 apertures of the first heat exchanger 18 is zero, allows air channelBypass, does not allow wind through the first heat exchanger 18. When the gaseous coolant of HTHP from compressor 10 out,During through the first heat exchanger 18, owing to now there is no wind process, so, through the first heat exchanger 18Refrigerant can not produce heat exchange with air, the refrigerant of HTHP arrive outside compartment through cross valve 12 againHeat exchanger 13, carries out heat exchange with air here, and refrigerant is after Bas Discharged heat, and refrigerant is logical againCross orifice union and carry out throttling, the fluid that becomes low-temp low-pressure arrives the first electromagnetic three-way control valve 34, theThe first interface 341 that one electromagnetic three-way control valve 34 leads to the second heat exchanger 17 is opened, and the first electromagnetismThe second interface that three-way control valve 34 leads to vapour liquid separator 11 is closed; Then refrigerant is by the first electromagnetism threeLogical control valve 34 enters i.e. the second heat exchanger 17, the at this moment blower fan 24 of another heat exchanger of inner side, compartment againThe wind blowing out is through the second heat exchanger 17 and after cooling, be sent in compartment, here with compartment in skyGas carries out heat exchange, draws unnecessary heat in compartment, reaches the object of refrigeration. Refrigerant is handed over through the second heatAfter parallel operation 17, become the gaseous fluid of low-temp low-pressure or the fluid of low-temp low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase, afterwards,Again by the low pressure runner of cross valve 12, refrigerant from the low tension outlet 126 of cross valve 12 passes through through threeAfter logical 33, enter vapour liquid separator 11, refrigerant also can be from the low tension outlet of cross valve 12 126 passes throughDirectly enter vapour liquid separator 11; Then, the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure (superheat state) is got back to compressor10, by compressor work, then the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become to the gaseous coolant of HTHP, shapeBecome a kind of refrigeration cycle. Orifice union can be selected heating power expansion valve; In the present embodiment, be guarantee refrigerant in additionThe restriction effect of fluid, orifice union is preferentially selected electric expansion valve 14. Simultaneously for ensureing air-conditioning system fourThe normal operation of the pattern of kind, orifice union all can two-way flow throttling. In addition, air inlet can be newWind or return air, the ratio of new wind or return air controls to adjust by the second air door 23.
Due to when the refrigeration mode, the heat generating components such as battery, motor inverter of electric automobile can need equallyCooling, for this reason, in embodiments of the present invention, a return air inlet can be set in compartment, will blow to compartmentInterior cold wind is sent to the heat generating components such as battery behind compartment again by airduct, with heat generating components such as cool batteries.
In the time that need heat winter, system switches to heating mode as shown in Figure 2, and the first air door 25 canReach maximum, avoid wind bypass and without the first heat exchanger 18, at this moment flowing of refrigerant circulation circuitMode is as follows: the gaseous coolant of HTHP from compressor 10 out, through the first heat exchanger 18, thisIn the gaseous coolant of HTHP of the air that passes through and the first heat exchanger 18 carry out heat exchange, air literAfter temperature, flow to compartment with the temperature in vehicle cabin; And after refrigerant absorbs airborne cold, pass through high pressureImport 125 is after the high pressure runner of cross valve 12, and refrigerant arrives the second heat exchanger 17 in compartment again,After the second heat exchanger 17, arrive the first electromagnetic three-way control valve 34, afterwards, refrigerant enters throttling groupPart is as electric expansion valve 14 throttlings, and so far, refrigerant becomes the fluid of low-temp low-pressure, arrives outside, compartment heatInterchanger 13, in compartment outside heat exchangers 13, starts the blower fan in outside, compartment, makes refrigerant in compartmentOutside heat exchangers 13 is carried out heat exchange with outside air; Absorb at compartment outside heat exchangers 13 refrigerantsAfter heat in extraneous air, get back to cross valve, arrive vapour-liquid by the low tension outlet 126 of cross valve 12 and divideFrom device 11, the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure (superheat state) is got back to compressor 10, by compressor work,Again the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become to the gaseous coolant of HTHP, form a heat pump cycle; And warpIf there is not evaporation completely of liquid refrigerants while crossing vapour liquid separator 11, liquid refrigerants will be stored in vapour-liquidIn separator 11, to avoid compressor 10 liquid hammers or to cross the cold efficiency that affects heat pump. If the second heatThe heating capacity of interchanger 17, the first heat exchanger 18 can not meet the comfort level requirement in compartment, Ke YitongShi Kaiqi ptc heater 26 carries out electrical heating and supplements, to meet the comfort level requirement in compartment. SeparatelyFor above-described the first electromagnetic three-way control valve 34, can also substitute with two magnetic valves real outward,Existing.
While heating in automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention, be that the wind that first makes blower fan 24 blow out omits by refrigerant temperatureThe second low heat exchanger 17 and then by the first high heat exchanger 18 of refrigerant temperature, heat friendship like thisThe effect of changing is relatively abundant, and heat exchange efficiency is high; Automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention also comprises that PTC adds in additionHot device 26, heat only starting heat pump, and in compartment, temperature does not also reach while requirement, PTCHeater 26 starts and heats, to ensure that the temperature in compartment reaches comfort level requirement.
In the time need to removing the moisture of air in a car compartment or fog on glass, start demist pattern, as Fig. 3Shown in, the first air door 25 can be in half-open or corresponding aperture position; Flowing of its refrigerant is: high temperatureFrom compressor 10 out, through the first heat exchanger 18, at this moment blower fan 24 is out the gaseous coolant of high pressureOpen, thus wind had through the first heat exchanger 18, like this can be with through the refrigerant of the first heat exchanger 18Air produces heat exchange, air in heating car; Then refrigerant through the high pressure stream of cross valve 12 laggard enterCompartment outside heat exchangers 13, and carry out heat exchange with air, refrigerant after Bas Discharged heat, refrigerantAs electric expansion valve 14 carries out throttling, become the fluid of low-temp low-pressure by orifice union, through the first electricityMagnetic three-way control valve 34, enters the second heat again by the first interface 341 of the first electromagnetic three-way control valve 34Interchanger 17; Here the air in refrigerant and compartment carries out heat exchange, due to the second heat exchanger 17In the relative compartment of surface temperature, temperature is much lower, therefore in this process, and the air before the second heat exchangerDew-point temperature higher than the surface temperature of the second heat exchanger 17, just have moisture at the second heat exchanger 17Surface on condensation and separate out and pass through arrange pipeline discharge, so just reduced the water in air in a car compartmentThe content of steam reduced relative humidity, thereby reach in compartment the object of dehumidifying or demist. Refrigerant processAfter the second heat exchanger, then by the low pressure runner of cross valve 12, enter by low tension outlet 126 refrigerantsEnter vapour liquid separator 11, the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is got back to compressor 10, do work by compressor 10,Again the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become to the gaseous coolant of HTHP, form a circulation. And be sent to carWind in railway carriage or compartment is first to dry through the second heat exchanger 17 and then heat by the first heat exchanger 18,In the first heat exchanger 18 also can be according to compartment, whether temperature conditions is selected to heat, thenAgain wind is delivered in compartment, like this, ensured humidity and the temperature in compartment, met comfort level requirement.If need to remove fast fog on glass or steam in addition time, can directly close the first air door 25, andBy corresponding airduct, directly cold wind is blowed to glass, reach the object of removing fast glass surface mist.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 5, Fig. 5 is the first specific embodiment party of the present invention to the psychrometric chart of demist processThe wet schematic diagram of the enthalpy of formula in the time of dehumidifying: first, by outdoor new wind W point and indoor N point, be mixed togetherTo C point, through the second cools down, to L point (dew-point temperature), air touches the second heat exchangeMeeting condensation moisture after device 17, then the air of separating out after moisture is heated to by the first heat exchanger 18O point (being ventilation state point); Like this, the present invention can meet the needs of dehumidifying in car effectively, is removingWet time, the air after again can heating and dehumidification, meets the comfort level in car.
In embodiments of the present invention, the wind blowing out to the blower fan 24 of blowing in compartment is first by the second heatAfter interchanger 17 dehumidifies, again by the first heat exchanger 18, the last like this wind blowing out just can keep oneFixed temperature and humidity, thus avoid directly blowing in compartment with cold wind, solve existing air conditioning for automobilesWhen middle dehumidifying or demist, blowing cold air causes the problem that people's comfort level reduces. The temperature of the wind blowing out in addition,Can suitably regulate by the aperture of controlling the first air door 25, while needing temperature relatively high, firstThe aperture of air door 25 is relatively larger, is conducive to like this keep the comfort level in compartment. Equally, blower fan 24Air intake comprise new wind and return air, both ratios are controlled by the second air door 23.
In addition in the time of winter, because the outer temperature of some regional car is lower, when ambient temperature is lower than zero degreeTime, using when heating mode, compartment outside heat exchangers 13 is for cold scattering, the easy like this compartment that makesOuter heat-exchanger 13 frostings or freeze, and then affect the efficiency of operation of heat pump, so, need to start deicingPattern. Particularly, air-conditioning system of the present invention in the time of deice mode ruuning situation as shown in Figure 4, at this momentThe second interface 342 of the first electromagnetic three-way control valve 34 is opened, and first interface 341 is closed. The stream of refrigerantMoving direction is as follows: air conditioner heat pump system operation, compressor 10 starts, the high-low pressure runner of cross valve 12Move switching, the gaseous coolant of HTHP from compressor 10 out, is introduced into the first heat exchanger18, at this moment refrigerant after discharge unit energy, after cross valve 12, enters heat outside compartment and hands in carParallel operation 13, vehicle cabin outer heat-exchanger 13 here, makes the frost of compartment outer heat-exchanger 13 outer surfacesOr ice-out; Further reduce through the refrigerant temperature after compartment outer heat-exchanger 13, then refrigerant is logicalCross orifice union as electric expansion valve 14 throttlings after, refrigerant becomes the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, at this moment electronics is swollenThe aperture of swollen valve 14 can be opened to maximum; Then refrigerant is through second of the first electromagnetic three-way control valve 34After interface 342, get back to vapour liquid separator 11, at vapour liquid separator 11, liquid refrigerants is stayed vapor-liquid separationIn device 11, gaseous coolant is got back to compressor 10 and is carried out next one circulation. So vapour liquid separator 11 canSo that the liquid of vapour-liquid two-phase separates, its detailed process is as described below.
Just started deicing in the time that deicing finishes at deice mode, the pressure-enthalpy chart of its refrigerant is one and dynamically becomesThe process of changing, as shown in Figure 6. In the time that deice mode just starts, by the gas before vapour liquid separator 11The refrigerant of liquid two-phase, through the separation of vapour liquid separator 11, the refrigerant that leads to compressor 10 air entries isSaturated gaseous refrigerant, liquid refrigerant stays the refrigerant liquid storage space of storage at vapour liquid separator 11, instituteWith the capacity requirement of the refrigerant liquid storage space of vapour liquid separator 11 in described heat pump coolant injection amount30-60%, can guarantee that like this by the refrigerant after vapour liquid separator 11 be gaseous coolant; Work as deicingWhen in stable condition, its discharge state reaches superheat state at leisure, can not cause the Wet Compression of compressor.
Adopt lumped parameter method heat exchanger to carry out heat exchange models analysis. The heat exchange of its compartment outer heat-exchangerEquation group (1), (2), (3), (4) are as follows:
Q1=K × F × Δ t, (the heat exchange formula of refrigeration side and air side) (1)
Q2=m × Cp × (Ti-To) heat exchange formula (2) of air side
Q2=M × (hi-ho) heat exchange formula (3) of air side
△ t=((Ti-to)-(To-ti))/ln ((Ti-to)/(To-ti)) the logarithm temperature difference (4)
Wherein: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4---thermic load
K---heat transfer coefficient
F---heat exchange area
Δ t---heat transfer temperature difference (generally using the logarithm temperature difference)
M is the import enthalpy that the mass flow Hi----of refrigerant side is refrigerant side, and ho--is refrigerant sideOutlet enthalpy
M is MAF, the specific heat that Cp is air
Ti: EAT
To: leaving air temp
Ti: refrigerant inlet temperature
To: refrigerant outlet temperature
Ln: natural logrithm
Along with the carrying out of ice detachment, the frost or the ice sheet that contact with compartment outer heat-exchanger melt gradually, getAnd generation be temperature than original relatively high air, this also just means, the air after its defrostOutlet temperature can be higher than the outlet temperature before defrost, and then can release its refrigerant side and air sideThe temperature difference along with the carrying out of ice detachment can reduce to some extent.
Can find out from formula (2), it is large that the outlet temperature of air side becomes, and other parameter amount is constant, the heat exchange that can release again air side diminishes. Further draw the heat exchange amount of refrigerant side alsoDiminish gradually.
If the import enthalpy of cold-producing medium (the namely exhaust enthalpy of compressor) is constant, due to cold-producing mediumThe heat exchange quantitative change of side is little, and the mass-flow change of cold-producing medium smaller (can ignore), also just anticipatesTaste, and from formula (3), its enthalpy difference diminishes, and outlet enthalpy can only increase. And at heating powerIn, enthalpy is proportional with temperature, and this also just means had cold at compartment outer heat-exchangerWhile spending, the refrigerant side outlet temperature of compartment outer heat-exchanger increases. As can be seen here, its degree of supercoolingBe the process along with deicing, slowly diminish, final, exit point moves on to two-phase section. As in Fig. 6Shown in, by 3 to 3 ', 3 ".
After throttling, under theory state, its enthalpy is constant. So, 3 and 4,3 ' and 4 ', 3 "With 4 " enthalpy equate. And along with the carrying out of deice mode, gas-liquid separator and corresponding throttling itAfter pipeline can draw a part of heat in compartment, so, as shown in pressure-enthalpy chart, have 4-1,4 '-1 ', 4 " process-1 ", along with a heat exchange dynamic equilibrium, the system in its gas-liquid separator and respective lineThe temperature of cryogen side can raise to some extent, also means, the suction temperature of compressor is also raising gradually,And then causing the Exhaust temperature rise of compressor, exhaust enthalpy also raises, that is, and the exhaust enthalpy of compressorAlso slowly raising, must there is a superheat state in the import of final compressor, so certainly can notCause the Wet Compression of compressor.
In addition, if for quickly defrosting or deicing, can also be by the first heat exchanger 18 in compartmentThe first air door close, do not allow the first heat exchanger 18 carry out heat exchange, arrive like this outside compartment heat and hand overThe temperature of the refrigerant of parallel operation 13 can be higher, and the time of defrosting or ice just can be shorter. Usually, removeThe time of ice mode operation is all relatively short, generally about 3-4 minute. By the time after deicing finishes,Mode of operation can be switched to heating mode operation. The first heat exchanger in compartment and the second heat like thisInterchanger is the checker that there is no high low temperature.
Introduce the second detailed description of the invention of the present invention below, Fig. 7 is the second specific embodiment party of the present inventionThe pipeline connection diagram of formula. Present embodiment is that the one in the first detailed description of the invention is improved in the above,Compartment outside heat exchangers 13 is provided with to a bypass passageways, specifically in compartment outside heat exchangers13 import and export arrange respectively a triplate line part, the second electromagnetic three-way control valve, as in Fig. 7, beA second electromagnetic three-way control is set in the pipeline between compartment outside heat exchangers 13 and cross valve 12Valve 28, arranges a triplate line part 27 in the pipeline after the outlet of compartment outside heat exchangers 13,An interface of the second electromagnetic three-way control valve 28 is connected with an interface of cross valve 12, and two other connectsMouthful: first interface 281, the second interface 282 lead to respectively compartment outside heat exchangers 13, triplate line part27; Similarly, two other interface of triplate line part 27 connect respectively compartment outside heat exchangers 13,Electric expansion valve 14, like this, has namely increased the bypass flow path of a compartment outside heat exchangers 13,In the time that system is demist pattern, can not need to use compartment outside heat exchangers 13, at this moment, the second electromagnetismThree-way control valve 28 is opened to the second interface 282 of triplate line part 27, and refrigerant is directly from bypass flow pathPass through, can form complete heat pump equally like this, and avoided the waste of the energy, improve heat pumpThe Energy Efficiency Ratio of system.
In addition, in bypass flow path, the setting position of electromagnetic three-way control valve also can be adjusted, in outside, compartment heatA triplate line part is set in the pipeline between interchanger 13 and cross valve 12, and hands in outside, compartment heatAn electromagnetic three-way control valve is set in the pipeline between parallel operation 13 and electric expansion valve 14, same like this canTo realize the object of the invention; Electromagnetic three-way control valve can also substitute with two general magnetic valves in addition, asMagnetic valve is arranged on respectively in pipeline between compartment outside heat exchangers 13 and cross valve, bypass flow pathEtc..
Introduce the third detailed description of the invention of the present invention below, as shown in Figure 8. With described concrete reality aboveExecute mode different, in present embodiment, there is no cross valve, the manufacture difficulty of cross valve in air conditioning for automobilesRelatively large, therefore, in present embodiment, be to adopt an electromagnetic three-way control valve and a magnetic valve combinationSubstitute cross valve.
Particularly, air-conditioning system comprise be arranged at the first heat exchanger 18 and compartment outside heat exchangers 13 itBetween the 3rd electromagnetic three-way control valve 15, the three electromagnetic three-way control valves 15 also have an interface to be connected to theIn pipeline between two heat exchangers 17 and vapour liquid separator 11; In addition at the 3rd electromagnetic three-way control valve15 and compartment outside heat exchangers 13 between pipeline on be provided with triplate line part 36, triplate line partAnother interface of 36 is connected with magnetic valve 37, and another interface of magnetic valve 37 is connected with triplate line part 38,Another two interfaces of triplate line part 38 respectively with import, the first electromagnetic three-way control of vapour liquid separator 11An interface 342 of valve 34 connects. This embodiment by magnetic valve 37, with the 3rd electromagnetic three-way controlCross valve above having substituted after valve 15 combinations processed in embodiment, due to magnetic valve, electromagnetic three-way controlThe service life of valve is longer than cross valve, and manufacture is relatively convenient, can ensure like this use of air-conditioning systemIn the life-span, manufacturing cost is also relatively low simultaneously. The operational mode of this embodiment and embodiment phase aboveWith, also all comprise four kinds of operational modes: refrigeration mode, heating mode, demist pattern, deice mode, underFace describes as an example of refrigeration mode example.
In the time that need to freeze in car summer, the refrigerant circulation circuit of air-conditioning system switches to refrigeration mode, in systemUnder cold pattern, making the first air door 25 apertures of the first heat exchanger 18 is zero, allows air channel bypass, does not allow windThrough the first heat exchanger 18. When the gaseous coolant of HTHP from compressor 10 out, through the first heatWhen interchanger 18, owing to now there is no wind process, so, can not through the refrigerant of the first heat exchanger 18Produce heat exchange with air; Magnetic valve 37 cuts out in addition, the second interface of the 3rd electromagnetic three-way control valve 15152 close, and the interface 342 that the first electromagnetic three-way control valve 34 leads to vapour liquid separator 11 is closed; Like this,Refrigerant through the 3rd electromagnetic three-way control valve 15, arrive triplate line part 36 again, again to heat exchange outside compartmentDevice 13, carries out heat exchange with air here, and refrigerant is after Bas Discharged heat, and refrigerant is again by throttlingAssembly, as electric expansion valve 14 carries out throttling, becomes the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, then by the first electromagnetism threeLogical control valve 34 arrives the second magnetic valve 40, then refrigerant flow to again inside compartment heat exchanger the second heat hand overParallel operation 17, here with compartment in air carry out heat exchange, draw unnecessary heat in compartment, reach systemCold object. Refrigerant, through after the second heat exchanger 17, becomes gaseous fluid or the low temperature of low-temp low-pressureThe fluid of low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase, afterwards, then gets back to vapour liquid separator 11, low temperature by triplate line part 35The gaseous coolant (superheat state) of low pressure is got back to compressor 10, does work by compressor 10, then low temperatureThe gaseous coolant of low pressure becomes the gaseous coolant of HTHP, forms a kind of refrigeration cycle. Orifice union is preferentialSelect electric expansion valve 14. Described electromagnetic three-way control valve also can replace with two magnetic valves in additionIn generation, realizes.
Due to when the refrigeration mode, the heat generating components such as battery, motor inverter of electric automobile be need certainCooling degree, for this reason, in present embodiment, adopt corresponding airduct from the corresponding cold wind of the introducing in compartmentCarry out cooling to battery.
Other three kinds of operational modes can be with reference to the first detailed description of the invention above and refrigeration mode above,The relevant valve member of Electromagnetic Control is moved and switch the relevant flow direction, make the type of flow of refrigerant do to changeCan, just no longer explanation here.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention done any pro formaRestriction. Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but not in order to limit the present invention. AnyThose of ordinary skill in the art, not departing from technical solution of the present invention scope situation, can utilize above-mentionedThe method and the technology contents that disclose are made many possible variations and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or amendmentFor the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations. Therefore, every content that does not depart from technical solution of the present invention, according to thisThe technical spirit of invention, to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification, all still belongs toIn the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection.
Claims (10)
1. an automotive air-conditioning system, comprise compressor, be positioned at vapour liquid separator before compressor inlet,The first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger that arrange respectively, be positioned at compartment outside heat exchangers outside compartment,Orifice union; Described the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are given described car according to the operating mode demand in compartmentHeat supply, cooling or demist are carried out in railway carriage or compartment; Described the first heat exchanger is connected with the exhaust outlet of compressor, the first heatWhat in interchanger, pass through is the refrigerant of HTHP, selectively to provide heat in compartment;
Described automotive air-conditioning system has: refrigeration mode, heating mode, demist pattern, deice mode totally fourPlant mode of operation;
Described automotive air-conditioning system also comprises the blower fan of blowing in compartment, in the time of dehumidification mode, passes throughDescribed the second heat exchanger be the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, the wind being sent in compartment is first to pass through described the second heatInterchanger dries and then passes through the first heat exchanger, and then wind is delivered in compartment; Described the first heatInterchanger can heat or not heat optionally to the wind after dehumidifying according to the operating mode in compartment, withEnsure the comfort level in compartment.
2. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the time of heating mode,Make the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger become simultaneously and heat heat exchanger, the refrigerant of HTHP first passes throughThe first heat exchanger, again by the second heat exchanger, and the wind being sent in compartment is first through refrigerant temperature slightlyThe second low heat exchanger carries out that heat exchange tentatively heats up and then hands over by the first higher heat of refrigerant temperatureAfter parallel operation, be sent to again in compartment.
3. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described automobile skyAdjusting system also comprises cross valve, and cross valve comprises high pressure runner and low pressure runner, described the first heat exchangerImport is connected with the air exit of described compressor, the import of the high pressure runner of described cross valve and described firstThe outlet of heat exchanger connects, and the outlet of the low pressure runner of described cross valve and the vapour arranging before compressorThe import of liquid/gas separator connects; The refrigeration mode of described automotive air-conditioning system, heating mode, demist pattern,When in four kinds of mode of operations of deice mode, refrigeration mode is with demist pattern, the type of flow of refrigerant is identical.
4. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described air conditioning for automobiles isSystem also comprises the first electromagnetic three-way control valve, an interface and described second heat of the first electromagnetic three-way control valveInterchanger connects, and another one interface is connected with the import of the vapour liquid separator arranging before described compressor,Also has an interface connecting joint fluid element; By described cross valve, with the action of the first electromagnetic three-way control valveRealize four kinds of work of refrigeration mode, heating mode, demist pattern, deice mode of described automotive air-conditioning systemThe switching of pattern.
5. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, at described refrigeration modeTime, the type of flow of refrigerant is: the refrigerant of HTHP is from compressor out through the first heat exchanger, soAfter arrive again compartment outside heat exchangers through the high pressure runner of cross valve, carry out heat exchange with air here,Refrigerant is after Bas Discharged heat, and refrigerant carries out throttling by orifice union again, becomes the stream of low-temp low-pressureBody arrives the first electromagnetic three-way control valve, and the first electromagnetic three-way control valve leads to of described the second heat exchangerOne interface is opened, and the first electromagnetic three-way control valve leads to the second interface of described vapour liquid separator and closes; SoRear refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger after by the first electromagnetic three-way control valve again, here with compartment in skyGas carries out heat exchange, draws unnecessary heat in compartment, freezes; Refrigerant through the second heat exchanger itAfter, then by the low pressure runner of cross valve, entering described vapour liquid separator, it is complete that last refrigerant is got back to compressorBecome kind of refrigeration cycle;
And/or: in the time of heating mode, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous coolant of HTHPFrom compressor out, through the first heat exchanger, carry out heat exchange with the air in compartment, refrigerant absorbs emptyAfter cold in gas, after cross valve, refrigerant arrives the second heat exchanger again, at the second heat exchangerAir in refrigerant and compartment also carries out heat exchange, and then refrigerant arrives the first electricity after the second heat exchangerAfter magnetic three-way control valve, refrigerant enters orifice union and carries out throttling, and after throttling, the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure arrivesCompartment outside heat exchangers, in compartment outside heat exchangers, refrigerant and outside air carry out heat exchange; ?Compartment outside heat exchangers refrigerant is got back to cross valve after absorbing the heat in extraneous air, low by cross valveBaric flow road arrives vapour liquid separator, finally gets back to compressor and completes one and heat circulation;
And/or: in the time of demist pattern, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous coolant of HTHPFrom compressor out, through the first heat exchanger, through the refrigerant of the first heat exchanger whether can select withAir produces heat exchange, then refrigerant through the high pressure runner of cross valve laggard enter compartment outside heat exchangers,And carry out heat exchange with air, and refrigerant is after Bas Discharged heat, and refrigerant carries out throttling by orifice union,Then the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure is after the first electromagnetic three-way control valve, then enters the second heat exchanger; At thisIn air in refrigerant and compartment carry out heat exchange, and dehumidify or demist, condensed water is by the pipe arrangingDischarge in road, and refrigerant is through after the second heat exchanger, then by the low pressure runner of cross valve, then enter vapourLiquid/gas separator, finally gets back to compressor and completes a demist circulation;
And/or: in the time of deice mode, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous coolant of HTHPFrom compressor out, be introduced into the first heat exchanger, and by the high pressure runner of cross valve, enter outside compartmentHeat exchanger, vehicle cabin outer heat-exchanger here, melts frost or the ice of compartment outer heat-exchanger outer surfaceChange; Then refrigerant is by after orifice union throttling, and refrigerant becomes the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, and through the first electricityMagnetic three-way control valve, then gets back to vapour liquid separator, and at vapour liquid separator, liquid refrigerants is stayed vapor-liquid separationIn device, gaseous coolant is got back to compressor and is carried out next one circulation.
6. according to the automotive air-conditioning system described in claim 1 or 2 or 4 or 5, it is characterized in that instituteStating the capacity that can be used for the storage space of storing refrigerant liquid in vapour liquid separator is described automotive air-conditioning systemThe 30-60% of coolant injection amount.
7. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described orifice union isCan two-way circulate and carry out electric expansion valve or the heating power expansion valve of throttling, in the time of deice mode, make electronic expansionIt is maximum that the aperture of valve or heating power expansion valve reaches, and its flow area reaches maximum; And described electric expansion valveOr the aperture of heating power expansion valve do not control by the degree of superheat in the time of deice mode, but in advance in programCarry out setup control.
8. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described air conditioning for automobiles isSystem arranges a return air inlet in compartment, and the cold wind blowing in compartment is sent to by airduct behind compartment againHeat generating components, with cooling this heat generating components.
9. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, hands in described the first heatThe air inlet of parallel operation is provided with the first air door, and the first air door can step-less adjustment, by described the first air doorThereby regulate the control and regulation of the ratio that realizes the air quantity that passes through the first heat exchanger;
And/or described automotive air-conditioning system is also provided with ptc heater in described compartment, at heating modeTime by optionally moving described ptc heater to control the temperature in compartment, and in described compartmentWind first by the first heat exchanger, blow by described ptc heater and then in compartment again.
10. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, outside, described compartment heatInterchanger is also provided with a bypass passageways, and described automotive air-conditioning system is provided with a second electromagnetic three-way controlThe switching of valve control bypass passageways processed, in the time of demist pattern, refrigerant is directly logical from the stream of bypass passagewaysCross, and not by described compartment outside heat exchangers.
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| JP6332193B2 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2018-05-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Air conditioner for vehicles |
| JP6607638B2 (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2019-11-20 | サンデン・オートモーティブクライメイトシステム株式会社 | Air conditioner for vehicles |
| CN109515114A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-03-26 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of automobile heat pump air-conditioning system |
| CN110083952A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-02 | 蒋甫政 | Carbon dioxide train air-conditioning emulation mode |
| CN110530046B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2020-08-18 | 西安交通大学 | Transcritical CO2System temperature and humidity self-adaptive dehumidification and demisting system and control method |
| CN110530045B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2020-07-28 | 西安交通大学 | Transcritical CO2System multifunctional defogging and dehumidifying system and control method |
| CN112393471B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2022-07-26 | 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司 | Gas-liquid separator and air conditioning system |
| CN110641250B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2022-07-15 | 重庆大学 | Intelligent control method of air conditioning system of electric automobile based on human body thermal comfort theory and fuzzy PID control |
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