CN103158490A - Car air-conditioning system - Google Patents
Car air-conditioning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103158490A CN103158490A CN2011104240956A CN201110424095A CN103158490A CN 103158490 A CN103158490 A CN 103158490A CN 2011104240956 A CN2011104240956 A CN 2011104240956A CN 201110424095 A CN201110424095 A CN 201110424095A CN 103158490 A CN103158490 A CN 103158490A
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Abstract
A car air-conditioning system comprises a compressor, a gas-liquid separator which is located in front of an air inlet of the compressor, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, a compartment outer heat exchanger and a throttling component. The first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are respectively arranged and conduct heating, cooling or demisting on the compartment according to working condition requirements in the compartment. The first heat exchanger is connected with an air outlet of the compressor. The car air-conditioning system comprises a refrigerating mode, a heating mode, a demisting mode and a deicing mode. When moisture is eliminated, wind which is supplied to the compartment dried through the second heat exchanger and then passes the first heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger can choose whether to warm up, and then supplies the wind to the compartment. Therefore, the temperature of the wind which is supplied to the compartment can be chosen, and comfort is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the automobile air conditioning technology field, particularly a kind of electric automobile air-conditioning system.
Background technology
Along with the development of low-carbon economy, energy-saving and emission-reduction have been proposed stricter requirement, electronlmobil becomes one of development of automobile aspect from now on due to energy-conserving and environment-protective being arranged.But electronlmobil is owing to using battery as power resources, and its a/c system also is different from original automotive air-conditioning system.
Traditional internal combustion engine type automobile can utilize the waste heat of combustion engine and the heat of engine exhaust to come vehicle cabin, and the power of electronlmobil mainly comes from motor, and the heat that has lacked driving engine can utilize, thereby is difficult to reach the heating requirement in winter.In prior art, for the temperature in the compartment of realizing electronlmobil remains on the comfortable temperature of human body sensory, some employings various ways heat in the compartment, as adopting independent thermal source, namely utilize the PTC heating; Perhaps utilize the fuel heating such as gasoline, kerosene, ethanol; The employing reclaiming scrap waste heat that also has, the more auxiliary independent thermal source that adopts; The employing heat pump that also has guarantees temperature in the compartment etc.
Yet, in above-mentioned various type of heating, if adopt independent thermal source, such as: purely use PTC to heat, need to consume the energy of more battery, and then can reduce the travelled distance of automobile; If adopt the fuel heating, not only the efficiency of heating surface is lower, pollutes but also can produce environment, can increase simultaneously the load of automobile.In addition, in winter, near the car inner glass dew temperature is during higher than the temperature of outside glass, can produce fog, to driver's sight line and exert an influence, at this moment need demist, and blowing cold air in compartment during demist in present air conditioning for automobiles, can cause uncomfortable in the compartment when weather is relatively cold.And when the temperature outside car during lower than zero degree, may rain or snow amass on the surface of car external heat exchanger, when causing heating operation, Energy Efficiency Ratio reduces, thus need deicing or defrosting, to improve heat exchange efficiency.And be draft-free in the compartment during deicing in existing air conditioning for automobiles, can cause that in the compartment, temperature descends, the comfort level in car is had a greatly reduced quality.So, for air conditioning for automobiles, demist and deicing function need to be arranged.So at present, those skilled in the art need to solve at present, following technical matters is arranged: when needs demist and deicing, how to keep the temperature the compartment in, with the raising traveling comfort; Make in addition electric automobile air-conditioning system keep relatively high efficient; Can guarantee the optimization of the cost performance (initial cost, operating cost and performance) of a/c system.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of automotive air-conditioning system, adopts heat pump, electric automobile air-conditioning system can be moved, to guarantee relative comfort level in car under the complicated weather of weather-proof; The initial manufacturing cost that drops into is relatively low simultaneously.For this reason, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of automotive air-conditioning system comprises compressor, is positioned at vapour liquid separator, the first H Exch and the second H Exch that arrange respectively before compressor inlet, is positioned at the compartment outside heat exchangers compartment outside, reaches orifice union; Described the first H Exch and the second H Exch carry out heat supply, cooling or demist for described compartment according to the operating mode demand in the compartment; Described the first H Exch is connected with the exhausr port of compressor, and what pass through in the first H Exch is the refrigerant of High Temperature High Pressure, selectively to provide heat in the compartment;
Described automotive air-conditioning system has: refrigeration mode, heating mode, demist pattern, deice mode be totally four kinds of mode of operations;
Described automotive air-conditioning system also comprises the blower fan of blowing in the compartment, when dehumidification mode, by described the second H Exch is the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, the wind that is sent in the compartment is that first described the second H Exch of process dries and then passes through the first H Exch, and then wind is delivered in the compartment; Described the first H Exch can heat or not heat optionally for the wind after dehumidifying according to the operating mode in the compartment, to guarantee the comfort level in the compartment.
Preferably, when heating mode, the first H Exch and the second H Exch are become heat heat exchanger, the refrigerant of High Temperature High Pressure first by the first H Exch, again by the second H Exch, be to pass through first that the second lower slightly H Exch of refrigerant temperature carries out that interchange of heat tentatively heats up and then by being sent in the compartment again after the first higher H Exch of refrigerant temperature and be sent to the wind compartment in.
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system also comprises four-way cock, four-way cock comprises high pressure runner and low pressure runner, the import of described the first H Exch is connected with the drain pipe overflow pipe of described compressor, the import of the high pressure runner of described four-way cock is connected with the outlet of described the first H Exch, and the outlet of the low pressure runner of described four-way cock is connected with the import of the vapour liquid separator that arranges before compressor; When in the refrigeration mode of described automotive air-conditioning system, heating mode, demist pattern, four kinds of mode of operations of deice mode, refrigeration mode is with the demist pattern, the type of flow of refrigerant is identical.
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system also comprises the first electromagnetic three-way control cock, an interface of the first electromagnetic three-way control cock is connected with described the second H Exch, the another one interface is connected with the import of the vapour liquid separator that arranges before described compressor, also has an interface connecting joint fluid element; By described four-way cock, realize refrigeration mode, heating mode, the demist pattern of described automotive air-conditioning system, the switching of four kinds of mode of operations of deice mode with the action of the first electromagnetic three-way control cock.
preferably, when refrigeration mode, the type of flow of refrigerant is: the refrigerant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor out through the first H Exch, then the high pressure runner through four-way cock arrives the compartment outside heat exchangers again, carry out interchange of heat with air here, refrigerant is after the Bas Discharged heat, refrigerant carries out throttling by orifice union again, the fluid that becomes low-temp low-pressure arrives the first electromagnetic three-way control cock, the first electromagnetic three-way control cock is led to the first interface unlatching of described the second H Exch, and the first electromagnetic three-way control cock is led to the second interface of described vapour liquid separator and is closed, then refrigerant enters the second H Exch after by the first electromagnetic three-way control cock again, here with the compartment in air carry out interchange of heat, draw unnecessary heat in the compartment, freeze, refrigerant is through after the second H Exch, then the low pressure runner by four-way cock, enters described vapour liquid separator, and last refrigerant is got back to compressor and completed refrigerating cycle,
preferably, when heating mode, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor out, through the first H Exch, carry out interchange of heat with the air in the compartment, after refrigerant absorbs airborne cold, through after four-way cock, refrigerant arrives the second H Exch in the compartment again, air in the second H Exch refrigerant and compartment also carries out interchange of heat, then after refrigerant arrives the first electromagnetic three-way control cock after through the second H Exch, refrigerant enters orifice union and carries out throttling, after throttling, the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure arrives the compartment outside heat exchangers, in the compartment outside heat exchangers, refrigerant carries out interchange of heat with the air of outside, get back to four-way cock after compartment outside heat exchangers refrigerant absorbs heat in extraneous air, the low pressure runner by four-way cock arrives vapour liquid separator, gets back at last compressor and completes one and heat circulation,
Preferably, when the demist pattern, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor out, through the first H Exch, can select whether to produce interchange of heat with air through the refrigerant of the first H Exch, then refrigerant enters the compartment outside heat exchangers through the high pressure runner of four-way cock is laggard, and carry out interchange of heat with air, refrigerant is after the Bas Discharged heat, refrigerant carries out throttling by orifice union, then low-temp low-pressure refrigerant through the first electromagnetic three-way control cock after, then enter the second H Exch; Here the air in refrigerant and compartment carries out interchange of heat, and dehumidifies or demist, and condensed water is discharged by the pipeline that arranges, refrigerant is through after the second H Exch, by the low pressure runner of four-way cock, then enter vapour liquid separator again, get back at last compressor and complete a demist circulation;
Preferably, when deice mode, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor out, be introduced into the first H Exch, and the high pressure runner by four-way cock, enter the compartment outer heat-exchanger, vehicle cabin outer heat-exchanger here makes frost or the ice-out of compartment outer heat-exchanger outside face; Then refrigerant is by after the orifice union throttling, and refrigerant becomes the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, and through the first electromagnetic three-way control cock, then get back to vapour liquid separator, at vapour liquid separator, liquid refrigerants is stayed in vapour liquid separator, and gaseous coolant is got back to compressor and carried out next one circulation.
Preferably, the capacity that can be used for storing the storage space of refrigerant liquid in described vapour liquid separator is the 30-60% of described heat pump coolant injection amount.
Alternatively, electric expansion valve or the heating power expansion valve of described orifice union for two-way circulating and carrying out throttling, and when deice mode, it is maximum that the aperture of electric expansion valve or heating power expansion valve reaches, and namely this moment, its flow area reached maximum.And the aperture of described electric expansion valve or heating power expansion valve is not controlled by degree of superheating when deice mode, but carries out setup control in advance in program.
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system arranges a return air inlet in the compartment, is sent to the heat generating components such as battery with blowing to cold wind in the compartment by airduct after through the compartment, with heat generating components such as cool batteries again.
Preferably, be provided with the first air door at the ventilation inlet of described the first H Exch, the first air door can step-less adjustment, thereby the adjusting by described the first air door realizes the control and regulation of the ratio of the air quantity by the first H Exch;
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system also is provided with ptc heater in described compartment, by optionally moving described ptc heater controlling the temperature in the compartment, and the wind in the described compartment is first by the first H Exch, blow by described ptc heater and then in the compartment again when heating mode.
Alternatively, described compartment outside heat exchangers also is provided with a bypass passageways, described automotive air-conditioning system is provided with the switching that second an electromagnetic three-way control cock 28 is controlled bypass passageways, when the demist pattern, refrigerant directly passes through from the stream of bypass passageways, and not by described compartment outside heat exchangers.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: a/c system of the present invention is controlled for the temperature in the compartment and is provided with respectively the second H Exch and the first H Exch, both arrange respectively, can avoid the impact of high low temperature in these two Hs Exch, and during the demist pattern, open simultaneously the first H Exch and the second H Exch, realize the effect of heating again of dehumidifying simultaneously, guarantee the humiture in the compartment, thereby satisfy the comfort level requirement in the compartment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when refrigeration mode;
Fig. 2 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when heating mode;
Fig. 3 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when the demist pattern;
Fig. 4 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when deice mode;
Fig. 5 is the wet schematic diagram of the enthalpy of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when dehumidifying when the demist pattern;
Fig. 6 is the pressure-enthalpy chart of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when deice mode;
Fig. 7 is the pipeline connection diagram (refrigeration mode) of the second specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the pipeline connection diagram (refrigeration mode) of the third specific embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention belongs to heat pump, has: refrigeration mode, heating mode, demist pattern, deice mode be totally four kinds of mode of operations.the first specific embodiment of the present invention such as Fig. 1-shown in Figure 6, wherein Fig. 1 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when refrigeration mode, Fig. 2 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when heating mode, Fig. 3 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when the demist pattern, Fig. 4 is the pipeline connection diagram of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when deice mode, Fig. 5 is the wet schematic diagram of the enthalpy of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when dehumidifying when the demist pattern, Fig. 6 is the pressure-enthalpy chart of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when deice mode.Wherein the dotted line in figure represents that this place's pipeline is cut off obstructed.
As shown in Figure 1, automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention comprises compressor 10, is positioned at compressor inlet front vapour liquid separator 11, the first H Exch 18 that is positioned at the compartment and the second H Exch 17, is positioned at compartment outside heat exchangers 13 and orifice union outside the compartment; The first H Exch in described compartment and the second H Exch are selected to carry out heat supply, cooling or demist to described compartment according to the operating mode demand in the compartment.The first H Exch 18 and the second H Exch 17 also can be arranged at outside the compartment, and blowing in the compartment by air supply duct gets final product.
Wherein the import of the first H Exch 18 is connected with the drain pipe overflow pipe of compressor 10, a/c system also comprises four-way cock 12, four-way cock 12 comprises high pressure runner and low pressure runner, the high-pressure inlet 125 of the high pressure runner of four-way cock 12 is connected with the outlet of the first H Exch 18 in the compartment, and the low tension outlet 126 of four-way cock 12 low pressure runners is connected with the import of the vapour liquid separator 11 that arranges before compressor.Be four-way cock 12 the high pressure runner high-pressure inlet with fix being connected of low tension outlet of low pressure runner, and the outlet of the high pressure runner of four-way cock 12, can switch by action with the import of low pressure runner.
When needed to freeze in the compartment summer, the refrigerant circulation circuit of air conditioner heat pump system was refrigeration mode, and the stream of process four-way cock 12 switches to refrigeration mode, and the high-pressure outlet of four-way cock 12 is connected with compartment outside heat exchangers 13.In when refrigeration, the first air door 25 apertures that make the first H Exch 18 are zero, allow the air channel bypass, do not allow wind through the first H Exch 18.when the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor 10 out, during through the first H Exch 18, owing to there is no the wind process this moment, so, refrigerant through the first H Exch 18 can not produce interchange of heat with air, the refrigerant of High Temperature High Pressure arrives compartment outside heat exchangers 13 again through four-way cock 12, carry out interchange of heat with air here, refrigerant is after the Bas Discharged heat, refrigerant carries out throttling by orifice union again, the fluid that becomes low-temp low-pressure arrives the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34, the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34 is led to first interface 341 unlatchings of the second H Exch 17, and the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34 is led to the second interface of vapour liquid separator 11 and is closed, then refrigerant is the second H Exch 17 by another heat exchanger that the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34 enters the inboard, compartment again, at this moment the wind that blows out of blower fan 24 is through the second H Exch 17 and be sent in the compartment after cooling, here with the compartment in air carry out interchange of heat, draw unnecessary heat in the compartment, reach the purpose of refrigeration.Refrigerant is through after the second H Exch 17, become the gaseous fluid of low-temp low-pressure or the fluid of low-temp low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase, afterwards, pass through again the low pressure runner of four-way cock 12, refrigerant from the low tension outlet 126 of four-way cock 12 by after through entering vapour liquid separator 11 after threeway 33, refrigerant also can be from the low tension outlet 126 of four-way cock 12 by the rear vapour liquid separator 11 that directly enters; Then, the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure (super heat) is got back to compressor 10, by compressor work, then the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure, forms a refrigerating cycle.Orifice union can be selected heating power expansion valve; Be in addition the restriction effect of assurance refrigerant fluid in the present embodiment, orifice union is preferentially selected electric expansion valve 14.Be the normal operation that guarantees four kinds of patterns of a/c system simultaneously, but orifice union is all the two-way flow throttling.In addition, ventilation inlet can be new wind or return air, and the ratio of new wind or return air is by the second air door 23 control and regulation.
Due to when the refrigeration mode, the heat generating components such as the battery of electronlmobil, motor frequency conversion device can need cooling equally, for this reason, in embodiments of the present invention, a return air inlet can be set in the compartment, be sent to again the heat generating components such as battery with blowing to cold wind in the compartment by airduct after through the compartment, with heat generating components such as cool batteries.
When need heat winter, system switches to heating mode as shown in Figure 2, the first air door 25 can reach maximum, avoid the wind bypass and without the first H Exch 18, at this moment the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is as follows: the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor 10 out, through the first H Exch 18, the gaseous coolant of the High Temperature High Pressure of the air that passes through here and the first H Exch 18 carries out interchange of heat, flows to the compartment after atmosphere temperature rising with the temperature in vehicle cabin; And after the airborne cold of refrigerant absorption, after the high-pressure inlet 125 process high pressure runners of four-way cock 12, refrigerant arrives the second H Exch 17 in the compartment again, through arriving the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34 after the second H Exch 17, afterwards, refrigerant enters orifice union such as electric expansion valve 14 throttlings, so far, refrigerant becomes the fluid of low-temp low-pressure, arrive compartment outside heat exchangers 13, in compartment outside heat exchangers 13, start the blower fan in the outside, compartment, make refrigerant carry out interchange of heat at the air of compartment outside heat exchangers 13 and outside; Get back to four-way cock after heat in outside heat exchangers 13 refrigerants in compartment absorb extraneous air, low tension outlet 126 by four-way cock 12 arrives vapour liquid separator 11, the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure (super heat) is got back to compressor 10, pass through compressor work, again the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure, form a heat pump cycle; And if not evaporation fully of liquid refrigerants is arranged when the vapour liquid separator 11, liquid refrigerants will be stored in vapour liquid separator 11, to avoid compressor 10 liquid hammers or to cross the cold efficient that affects heat pump.If the heating capacity of the second H Exch 17, the first H Exch 18 can not satisfy the comfort level requirement in the compartment, can open simultaneously ptc heater 26 and carry out electro heat and replenish, to satisfy the comfort level requirement in the compartment.In addition, for above-described the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34, can also substitute realization with two electromagnetic valves.
Be first to make the wind that blower fan 24 blows out pass through the second lower slightly H Exch 17 of refrigerant temperature and then pass through the first high H Exch 18 of refrigerant temperature when heating in automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention, the effect of interchange of heat is relatively abundant like this, and heat exchange efficiency is high; Automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention also comprises ptc heater 26 in addition, heat only starting heat pump, and in the compartment, temperature is when also out of reach requires, and ptc heater 26 starts and heats, and reaches the comfort level requirement to guarantee the temperature in the compartment.
When needs are removed the moisture of air in a car compartment or fog on glass, start the demist pattern, as shown in Figure 3, the first air door 25 can be in half-open or corresponding aperture position; The mobile of its refrigerant is: the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor 10 out, through the first H Exch 18, at this moment blower fan 24 is opened, so wind is arranged through the first H Exch 18, refrigerant through the first H Exch 18 can produce interchange of heat with air like this, air in the heating car; Then refrigerant enters compartment outside heat exchangers 13 through the high pressure stream of four-way cock 12 is laggard, and carry out interchange of heat with air, refrigerant is after the Bas Discharged heat, refrigerant carries out throttling by orifice union such as electric expansion valve 14, become the fluid of low-temp low-pressure, through the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34, the first interface 341 by the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34 enters the second H Exch 17 again; Here the air in refrigerant and compartment carries out interchange of heat, because temperature in the surface temperature of the second H Exch 17 relative compartment is much lower, therefore in this process, the dew temperature of the air before the second H Exch is higher than the surface temperature of the second H Exch 17, just have moisture condensation and separate out and the pipeline that passes through to arrange is discharged on the surface of the second H Exch 17, the content that has so just reduced the water vapour in the air in a car compartment has namely reduced relative humidity, thereby reaches in the compartment purpose of dehumidifying or demist.Refrigerant is through after the second H Exch, pass through again the low pressure runner of four-way cock 12, enter vapour liquid separator 11 by low tension outlet 126 refrigerants, the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is got back to compressor 10, by compressor 10 actings, again the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure, form a circulation.And the wind that is sent in the compartment is first to dry through the second H Exch 17 and then heat by the first H Exch 18, whether temperature conditions is selected to heat in the first H Exch 18 also can be according to the compartment, and then wind is delivered in the compartment, like this, guarantee humidity and the temperature in the compartment, namely satisfied the comfort level requirement.If in the time of need to removing fast fog on glass or steam in addition, can directly close the first air door 25, and by corresponding airduct, directly cold wind be blowed to glass, reach the purpose of removing fast the glass surface mist.
Particularly, the psychrometric chart of demist process as shown in Figure 5, Fig. 5 is the wet schematic diagram of the enthalpy of the first specific embodiment of the present invention when dehumidifying: at first by outdoor new wind W point and indoor N point, be mixed together the point to C, through the second cools down to L point (dew temperature), air is understood condensation moisture after touching the second H Exch 17, then the air that will separate out after moisture is heated to O point (being the ventilation state point) by the first H Exch 18; Like this, the present invention can satisfy the needs of dehumidifying in car effectively, and in dehumidifying, the air after again can heating and dehumidification satisfies the comfort level in car.
In embodiments of the present invention, the wind that the blower fan 24 of blowing in the compartment blows out is again by the first H Exch 18 after first dehumidifying by the second H Exch 17, the last like this wind that blows out just can keep certain temperature and humidity, thereby avoided directly blowing in the compartment with cold wind, when having solved in existing air conditioning for automobiles dehumidifying or demist, blowing cold air causes the problem that people's comfort level reduces.In addition, the temperature of the wind that blows out can suitably be regulated by the aperture of controlling the first air door 25, and when needing temperature relatively high, the aperture of the first air door 25 is relatively larger, is conducive to like this to keep the comfort level in the compartment.Equally, the air intake of blower fan 24 comprises new wind and return air, and both ratios are controlled by the second air door 23.
In addition when winter, because the outer temperature of some regional car is lower, when external temperature during lower than zero degree, when using heating mode, compartment outside heat exchangers 13 is for cold scattering, easily like this makes 13 frostings of compartment outer heat-exchanger or freezes, and then affecting the efficiency of operation of heat pump, so, need to start deice mode.Particularly, a/c system of the present invention when deice mode running condition as shown in Figure 4, at this moment the second interface 342 of the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34 is opened, first interface 341 is closed.The flow direction of refrigerant is as follows: the air conditioner heat pump system operation, compressor 10 starts, the high-low pressure runner of four-way cock 12 moves switching, the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor 10 out is introduced into the first H Exch 18, and at this moment refrigerant is in car after the discharge unit energy, after four-way cock 12, enter compartment outer heat-exchanger 13, here the vehicle cabin outer heat-exchanger 13, make frost or the ice-out of compartment outer heat-exchanger 13 outside faces; Further reduce through the refrigerant temperature after compartment outer heat-exchanger 13, then refrigerant by orifice union such as electric expansion valve 14 throttlings after, refrigerant becomes the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, at this moment the aperture of electric expansion valve 14 can be opened to maximum; Then after second interface 342 of refrigerant through the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34, get back to vapour liquid separator 11, at vapour liquid separator 11, liquid refrigerants is stayed in vapour liquid separator 11, and gaseous coolant is got back to compressor 10 and carried out next one circulation.So vapour liquid separator 11 can make the liquid of vapour-liquid two-phase separate, its detailed process is as following description.
Just begun deicing when deicing finishes at deice mode, the pressure-enthalpy chart of its refrigerant is the process of a dynamic change, as shown in Figure 6.When deice mode just begins, refrigerant by the gas-liquid two-phase before vapour liquid separator 11, separation through vapour liquid separator 11, the refrigerant that leads to compressor 10 air suctiton inlets is saturated gaseous refrigerant, liquid refrigerant stays storage at the refrigerant liquid storage space of vapour liquid separator 11, so the capacity requirement of the refrigerant liquid storage space of vapour liquid separator 11 at the 30-60% of described heat pump coolant injection amount, can guarantee that like this by the refrigerant after vapour liquid separator 11 be gaseous coolant; When deicing was in stable condition, its discharge state reached super heat at leisure, can not cause the wet compression of compressor.
Adopt the lumped parameter method heat exchanger to carry out the heat exchange models analysis.The heat exchange set of equations (1) of its compartment outer heat-exchanger, (2), (3), (4) are as follows:
Q1=K * F * Δ t, (the heat exchange formula of refrigeration side and air side) (1)
The heat exchange formula (2) of air side of Q2=m * Cp * (Ti-To)
The heat exchange formula (3) of air side of Q2=M * (hi-ho)
△ t=((Ti-to)-(To-ti))/ln ((Ti-to)/(To-ti)) logarithm temperature difference (4)
Wherein: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4---thermal load
K---coefficient of heat transmission
F---heat interchanging area
Δ t---heat transfer temperature difference (generally using the logarithm temperature difference)
M is that the mass flow rate Hi----of refrigerant side is the import enthalpy of refrigerant side, and ho--is the outlet enthalpy of refrigerant side
M is MAF, and Cp is the specific heat of air
Ti: EAT
To: leaving air temp
Ti: refrigerant inlet temperature
To: refrigerant outlet temperature
Ln: Napier's logarithm
Carrying out along with ice detachment, the frost or the ice sheet that contact with the compartment outer heat-exchanger melt gradually, the substitute is temperature than original relatively high air, this also just means, air exit temp after its defrost can be higher than the temperature out before defrost, and then the temperature difference that can release its refrigerant side and air side can reduce to some extent along with the carrying out of ice detachment.
Can find out from formula (2), it is large that the temperature out of air side becomes, and other parameter amount is constant, and the heat exchange that can release again air side diminishes.The heat exchange amount that further draws refrigerant side also diminishes gradually.
If the import enthalpy of refrigerant (the namely exhaust enthalpy of compressor) is constant, because the heat exchange quantitative change of refrigerant side is little, and the mass-flow change of refrigerant smaller (can ignore), also just mean, by formula (3) as can be known, its enthalpy difference diminishes, and the outlet enthalpy can only increase.And in thermodynamics, enthalpy is proportional with temperature, and this also just means, when the compartment outer heat-exchanger had condensate depression, the refrigerant side temperature out of compartment outer heat-exchanger increased.This shows, its condensate depression is the process along with deicing, slowly diminishes, and final, exit point moves on to two-phase section.Namely as shown in Figure 6, by 3 to 3 ', 3 ".
After throttling, under theory state, its enthalpy is constant.So, 3 and 4,3 ' and 4 ', 3 " with 4 " enthalpy equate.and along with the carrying out of deice mode, pipeline after gas-liquid separator and corresponding throttling can be drawn a part of heat in the compartment, so, as shown in pressure-enthalpy chart, 4-1 is arranged, 4 '-1 ', 4 " process-1 ", along with a heat exchange dynamical equilibrium, the temperature of the refrigerant side in its gas-liquid separator and respective line can raise to some extent, also mean, the suction temperature of compressor is also raising gradually, and then cause the Exhaust temperature rise of compressor, the exhaust enthalpy also raises, namely, the exhaust enthalpy of compressor also slowly raises, a super heat must appear in the import of final compressor, so certainly can not cause the wet compression of compressor.
In addition, if for quickly defrosting or deicing, the first air door of the first H Exch 18 in the compartment can also be closed, namely do not allow the first H Exch 18 carry out interchange of heat, the temperature that arrives like this refrigerant of compartment outer heat-exchanger 13 can be higher, and the time of defrosting or ice just can be shorter.Usually, the time of deice mode operation is all relatively short, generally about 3-4 minute.By the time after deicing finishes, mode of operation can be switched to the heating mode operation.The first H Exch in the compartment and the second H Exch are the checkers that there is no high low temperature like this.
The below introduces the second specific embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 7 is the pipeline connection diagram of the second specific embodiment of the present invention.present embodiment is a kind of improvement on the first specific embodiment in the above, compartment outside heat exchangers 13 is provided with a bypass passageways, import and export in compartment outside heat exchangers 13 specifically arrange respectively a triplate line spare, the second electromagnetic three-way control cock, as being that second an electromagnetic three-way control cock 28 is set in the pipeline between compartment outside heat exchangers 13 and four-way cock 12 in Fig. 7, a triplate line spare 27 is set in the pipeline after the outlet of compartment outside heat exchangers 13, an interface of the second electromagnetic three-way control cock 28 is connected with an interface of four-way cock 12, two other interface: first interface 281, the second interface 282 leads to respectively compartment outside heat exchangers 13, triplate line spare 27, similarly, two other interface of triplate line spare 27 connects respectively compartment outside heat exchangers 13, electric expansion valve 14, like this, namely increased the bypass flow path of a compartment outside heat exchangers 13, when system is the demist pattern, can not need to use compartment outside heat exchangers 13, at this moment, the second electromagnetic three-way control cock 28 is opened to the second interface 282 of triplate line spare 27, refrigerant directly passes through from bypass flow path, can form complete heat pump equally like this, and avoid the waste of the energy, improve the Energy Efficiency Ratio of heat pump.
In addition, in bypass flow path, the setting position of electromagnetic three-way control cock also can be adjusted, a triplate line spare is set in the pipeline between compartment outside heat exchangers 13 and four-way cock 12, and an electromagnetic three-way control cock, the same like this object of the invention that can realize are set in the pipeline between compartment outside heat exchangers 13 and electric expansion valve 14; The electromagnetic three-way control cock can also substitute with two general electromagnetic valves in addition, as electromagnetic valve being arranged on respectively in pipeline between compartment outside heat exchangers 13 and four-way cock, bypass flow path etc.
The below introduces the third specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8.Different from the top described specific embodiment is, there is no four-way cock in present embodiment, the manufacture difficulty of four-way cock is relatively large in air conditioning for automobiles, therefore, is to adopt an electromagnetic three-way control cock and an electromagnetic valve to make up to substitute four-way cock in present embodiment.
Particularly, a/c system comprises that the 3rd electromagnetic three-way control cock 15, the three electromagnetic three-way control cock 15 that are arranged between the first H Exch 18 and compartment outside heat exchangers 13 also have an interface to be connected in pipeline between the second H Exch 17 and vapour liquid separator 11; Be provided with triplate line spare 36 in addition on the pipeline between the 3rd electromagnetic three-way control cock 15 and compartment outside heat exchangers 13, another interface of triplate line spare 36 is connected with electromagnetic valve 37, another interface of electromagnetic valve 37 is connected with triplate line spare 38, and another two interfaces of triplate line spare 38 are connected with the import of vapour liquid separator 11, an interface 342 of the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34 respectively.Substituted the four-way cock in top embodiment after namely this embodiment makes up by electromagnetic valve 37, with the 3rd electromagnetic three-way control cock 15, because the service life of electromagnetic valve, electromagnetic three-way control cock is longer than four-way cock, and it is relatively convenient to make, can guarantee the service life of a/c system like this, manufacturing cost is also relatively low simultaneously.The operational mode of this embodiment is identical with top embodiment, also all comprises four kinds of operational modes: refrigeration mode, heating mode, demist pattern, deice mode, the below describes as an example of refrigeration mode example.
When needed to freeze in car summer, the refrigerant circulation circuit of a/c system switched to refrigeration mode, and under refrigeration mode, the first air door 25 apertures that make the first H Exch 18 are zero, allowed the air channel bypass, did not allow wind through the first H Exch 18.when the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor 10 out, during through the first H Exch 18, owing to there is no the wind process this moment, so, can not produce interchange of heat with air through the refrigerant of the first H Exch 18, electromagnetic valve 37 is closed in addition, and the second interface 152 of the 3rd electromagnetic three-way control cock 15 is closed, and the interface 342 that the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34 is led to vapour liquid separator 11 is closed, like this, refrigerant is through the 3rd electromagnetic three-way control cock 15, arrive again triplate line spare 36, arrive again compartment outside heat exchangers 13, carry out interchange of heat with air here, refrigerant is after the Bas Discharged heat, refrigerant carries out throttling by orifice union such as electric expansion valve 14 again, become the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, then arrive the second electromagnetic valve 40 by the first electromagnetic three-way control cock 34, then refrigerant flows to i.e. the second H Exch 17 of the inboard heat exchanger in compartment again, here with the compartment in air carry out interchange of heat, draw unnecessary heat in the compartment, reach the purpose of refrigeration.Refrigerant is through after the second H Exch 17, become the gaseous fluid of low-temp low-pressure or the fluid of low-temp low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase, afterwards, get back to vapour liquid separator 11 by triplate line spare 35 again, the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure (super heat) is got back to compressor 10, do work by compressor 10, then the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure, form a refrigerating cycle.Orifice union is preferentially selected electric expansion valve 14.Described electromagnetic three-way control cock also can substitute to realize with two electromagnetic valves in addition.
Due to when the refrigeration mode, the heat generating components such as the battery of electronlmobil, motor frequency conversion device are to need certain cooling degree, for this reason, adopt corresponding airduct to carry out cooling to battery from the corresponding cold wind of the introducing in the compartment in present embodiment.
Other three kinds of operational modes can be with reference to top the first specific embodiment and top refrigeration mode, the relevant valve member of electromagnetic control is moved switch the relevant flow direction, makes the type of flow of refrigerant do to change and get final product, here with regard to no longer explanation.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction.Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, yet is not to limit the present invention.Any those of ordinary skill in the art, do not breaking away from technical solution of the present invention scope situation, all can utilize method and the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to make many possible changes and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or be revised as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.Therefore, every content that does not break away from technical solution of the present invention, all still belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. automotive air-conditioning system comprises compressor, is positioned at vapour liquid separator, the first H Exch and the second H Exch that arrange respectively before compressor inlet, is positioned at the compartment outside heat exchangers compartment outside, reaches orifice union; Described the first H Exch and the second H Exch carry out heat supply, cooling or demist for described compartment according to the operating mode demand in the compartment; Described the first H Exch is connected with the exhausr port of compressor, and what pass through in the first H Exch is the refrigerant of High Temperature High Pressure, selectively to provide heat in the compartment;
Described automotive air-conditioning system has: refrigeration mode, heating mode, demist pattern, deice mode be totally four kinds of mode of operations;
Described automotive air-conditioning system also comprises the blower fan of blowing in the compartment, when dehumidification mode, by described the second H Exch is the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, the wind that is sent in the compartment is that first described the second H Exch of process dries and then passes through the first H Exch, and then wind is delivered in the compartment; Described the first H Exch can heat or not heat optionally for the wind after dehumidifying according to the operating mode in the compartment, to guarantee the comfort level in the compartment.
2. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when heating mode, the first H Exch and the second H Exch are become heat heat exchanger, the refrigerant of High Temperature High Pressure first by the first H Exch, again by the second H Exch, be to pass through first that the second lower slightly H Exch of refrigerant temperature carries out that interchange of heat tentatively heats up and then by being sent in the compartment again after the first higher H Exch of refrigerant temperature and be sent to the wind compartment in.
3. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described automotive air-conditioning system also comprises four-way cock, four-way cock comprises high pressure runner and low pressure runner, the import of described the first H Exch is connected with the drain pipe overflow pipe of described compressor, the import of the high pressure runner of described four-way cock is connected with the outlet of described the first H Exch, and the outlet of the low pressure runner of described four-way cock is connected with the import of the vapour liquid separator that arranges before compressor; When in the refrigeration mode of described automotive air-conditioning system, heating mode, demist pattern, four kinds of mode of operations of deice mode, refrigeration mode is with the demist pattern, the type of flow of refrigerant is identical.
4. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described automotive air-conditioning system also comprises the first electromagnetic three-way control cock, an interface of the first electromagnetic three-way control cock is connected with described the second H Exch, the another one interface is connected with the import of the vapour liquid separator that arranges before described compressor, also has an interface connecting joint fluid element; By described four-way cock, realize refrigeration mode, heating mode, the demist pattern of described automotive air-conditioning system, the switching of four kinds of mode of operations of deice mode with the action of the first electromagnetic three-way control cock.
5. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, when described refrigeration mode, the type of flow of refrigerant is: the refrigerant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor out through the first H Exch, then the high pressure runner through four-way cock arrives the compartment outside heat exchangers again, carry out interchange of heat with air here, refrigerant is after the Bas Discharged heat, refrigerant carries out throttling by orifice union again, the fluid that becomes low-temp low-pressure arrives the first electromagnetic three-way control cock, the first electromagnetic three-way control cock is led to the first interface unlatching of described the second H Exch, and the first electromagnetic three-way control cock is led to the second interface of described vapour liquid separator and is closed, then refrigerant enters the second H Exch after by the first electromagnetic three-way control cock again, here with the compartment in air carry out interchange of heat, draw unnecessary heat in the compartment, freeze, refrigerant is through after the second H Exch, then the low pressure runner by four-way cock, enters described vapour liquid separator, and last refrigerant is got back to compressor and completed refrigerating cycle,
with, or: when heating mode, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor out, through the first H Exch, carry out interchange of heat with the air in the compartment, after refrigerant absorbs airborne cold, through after four-way cock, refrigerant arrives the second H Exch again, air in the second H Exch refrigerant and compartment also carries out interchange of heat, then after refrigerant arrives the first electromagnetic three-way control cock after through the second H Exch, refrigerant enters orifice union and carries out throttling, after throttling, the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure arrives the compartment outside heat exchangers, in the compartment outside heat exchangers, refrigerant carries out interchange of heat with the air of outside, get back to four-way cock after compartment outside heat exchangers refrigerant absorbs heat in extraneous air, the low pressure runner by four-way cock arrives vapour liquid separator, gets back at last compressor and completes one and heat circulation,
With or: when the demist pattern, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor out, through the first H Exch, can select whether to produce interchange of heat with air through the refrigerant of the first H Exch, then refrigerant enters the compartment outside heat exchangers through the high pressure runner of four-way cock is laggard, and carry out interchange of heat with air, refrigerant is after the Bas Discharged heat, refrigerant carries out throttling by orifice union, then low-temp low-pressure refrigerant through the first electromagnetic three-way control cock after, then enter the second H Exch; Here the air in refrigerant and compartment carries out interchange of heat, and dehumidifies or demist, and condensed water is discharged by the pipeline that arranges, refrigerant is through after the second H Exch, by the low pressure runner of four-way cock, then enter vapour liquid separator again, get back at last compressor and complete a demist circulation;
With or: when the deice mode, the type of flow of refrigerant circulation circuit is: the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor out, be introduced into the first H Exch, and the high pressure runner by four-way cock, enter the compartment outer heat-exchanger, vehicle cabin outer heat-exchanger here makes frost or the ice-out of compartment outer heat-exchanger outside face; Then refrigerant is by after the orifice union throttling, and refrigerant becomes the refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure, and through the first electromagnetic three-way control cock, then get back to vapour liquid separator, at vapour liquid separator, liquid refrigerants is stayed in vapour liquid separator, and gaseous coolant is got back to compressor and carried out next one circulation.
6. according to claim 1-5 arbitrary described automotive air-conditioning systems wherein, is characterized in that, the capacity that can be used for storing the storage space of refrigerant liquid in described vapour liquid separator is the 30-60% of described heat pump coolant injection amount.
7. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, electric expansion valve or the heating power expansion valve of described orifice union for two-way circulating and carrying out throttling is when deice mode, make the aperture of electric expansion valve or heating power expansion valve reach maximum, namely its flow area reaches maximum; And the aperture of described electric expansion valve or heating power expansion valve is not controlled by degree of superheating when deice mode, but carries out setup control in advance in program.
8. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described automotive air-conditioning system arranges a return air inlet in the compartment, be sent to the heat generating components such as battery with blowing to cold wind in the compartment by airduct after through the compartment, with heat generating components such as cool batteries again.
9. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, ventilation inlet at described the first H Exch is provided with the first air door, and the first air door can step-less adjustment, thereby the adjusting by described the first air door realizes the control and regulation of the ratio of the air quantity by the first H Exch;
With or described automotive air-conditioning system also be provided with ptc heater in described compartment, by optionally moving described ptc heater controlling the temperature in the compartment, and the wind in the described compartment is first by the first H Exch, blow by described ptc heater and then in the compartment again when heating mode.
10. automotive air-conditioning system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described compartment outside heat exchangers also is provided with a bypass passageways, described automotive air-conditioning system is provided with the switching that second an electromagnetic three-way control cock is controlled bypass passageways, when the demist pattern, refrigerant directly passes through from the stream of bypass passageways, and not by described compartment outside heat exchangers.
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| CN110530046A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of Trans-critical cycle CO2The warm and humid adaptive dehumidifying demister system of system and control method |
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| CN110530045A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of Trans-critical cycle CO2System multifunctional demisting dehumidification system and control method |
| CN110530046A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of Trans-critical cycle CO2The warm and humid adaptive dehumidifying demister system of system and control method |
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| CN112393471B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2022-07-26 | 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司 | Gas-liquid separator and air conditioning system |
| CN110641250A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-03 | 重庆大学 | Intelligent control method of air conditioning system of electric automobile based on human body thermal comfort theory and fuzzy PID control |
| CN110641250B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2022-07-15 | 重庆大学 | Intelligent control method of air conditioning system of electric automobile based on human body thermal comfort theory and fuzzy PID control |
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