CN103151848A - 无线能量转移系统 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
- H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J50/23—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J50/27—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
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Abstract
本发明涉及无线能量转移系统。无线能量转移系统包括：发射器，其被配置为以第一频率在多个分区上对射频辐射进行波束扫描；接收器，其存储来自射频辐射的能量，并以第二频率发送确认，第一频率与第二频率有显著的不同；以及控制器，其被配置为基于确认将从发射器的无线能量转移基本上指向到接收器。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无线能量转移(energy transfer)系统。
背景技术
随着移动电子设备更加普及，对移动设备的电池充电的简易性和灵活性就越发重要。典型地，大多数现有技术的设备都使用与电源连接的转换器，所述转换器用硬导线连接至移动设备来提供用于充电的低压直流电。
有线充电的一种替代方式是无线充电。无线能量转移的现有技术例子包括感应、谐振耦合、电磁辐射和激光。感应只有在设备很近的时候才有用，比如为电动牙刷充电的无线底座，或变压器。中等距离时使用谐振耦合，比如在一些RFID和智能卡中。由于效率随着距离显著地降低，因此对于较大的距离就需要高度的方向性。较长距离的选项包括电磁(EM)辐射和激光。然而，这些方法可能对设备定向很敏感。因此，用户可能必须使设备保持静止且与磁通量垂直以维持功率转移。
对于移动电子设备，如果用户不需要固定该设备的位置来充电那就更加方便。例如，如果与WiFi热点相似，当用户与充电站在同一个房间时(或许设备就在他或她的口袋内)就可以给设备充电，则是所希望的。在此场合中，感应和激光不合适，电磁辐射可能更可取。
因此，对于电磁辐射而言，必须将辐射聚焦在设备上，从而跟踪设备的位置。一项技术挑战可能是如何以接收器处的非常低的功耗准确地定位接收器。现有技术的解决办法，比如RFID可能被证明是困难的，因为：
(a)超高频段(UHF band)的通用RFID模块，如果安装在发射器和接收器内，可能不允许波束扫描，且全向辐射效率低下。
(b)由于超低功率水平，因此可能很难解析来自发射器(TX)的信号、来自接收器(RX)的确认、任何反射以及其它干扰，从而不能进行准确的3D位置估计。
现有技术中对无线能量转移的尝试包括美国专利号6,856,291、7,057,514、7,383,064和7,639,994，以及日本专利公开号08-103039。然而，它们并未提供解决上述问题的合适方案。
发明内容
一般地说，本发明涉及无线能量转移系统，其能够：
1.将射频能量向一个或多个特定方向发射而非向所有方向或前方发射。
2.无线地为消耗电能小于十几(a dozen)毫瓦的移动电子设备充电，还避免了对人体的不必要的辐射，
3.准确地检测需要能量转移的移动电子设备的3D位置，和/或
4.在移动电子设备移动时对其进行跟踪。
检测和跟踪可由发射器(Tx)或基站在被划分成分区的覆盖体积/区域上用波束扫描来完成。进行波束扫描的频率为2.45GHz。如果接收器(Rx)或移动电子设备接收到波束扫描，则其以860MHz发送确认。最强的确认向发射器指明接收器在哪个分区，之后，能量转移便聚焦在该分区。
在第一具体方面，提供了一种无线能量转移系统，其包括：发射器，其被配置为以第一频率在多个分区上对射频辐射进行波束扫描；接收器，其存储来自射频辐射的能量，并以第二频率发送确认，第一频率与第二频率有显著的不同；以及控制器，其被配置为基于确认将从发射器的无线能量转移基本上指向到接收器。
第一频率可以是在ISM频段内。
ISM频段可以大体上位于大约2.45GHz或5.80GHz。
第二频率可以是在RFID频段内。
RFID频段大体上位于大约866-869MHz或310-320MHz。
发射器包括可转向相控阵列天线。
接收器可包括接收第一频率的第一全向天线和以第二频率进行发送的第二全向天线。
接收器可进一步包括被配置为存储来自第一全向天线的能量的电池或超级电容器。
接收器可进一步包括被配置为从电池或超级电容器生成特低频脉冲的函数发生器，和从特低频脉冲生成第二频率的压控振荡器。
在第二具体方面，提供了一种相对于发射器定位接收器的方法，其包括：在多个分区上扫描射频辐射的波束；接收来自一个或多个分区的确认；以及基于哪一个分区有最强的确认来确定接收器的位置。
在第三具体方面，提供了一种无线能量转移的方法，其包括：定位根据上面段落的接收器；以及将射频辐射聚焦在接收器的位置。
该方法可进一步包括跟踪该接收器的位置的任何变化。
该确认可以具有显著低于该射频辐射的波束的频率。
附图说明
现结合附图描述本发明的一个或多个示例实施例，其中：
图1是具有接收器搜索和跟踪功能的整个基于射频的无线能量转移系统的框图，
图2是用于RX确认的所提议的电路的框图，
图3是接收器中的传感电路的示意图，
图4是小型紧密接收器的两种可能构造的示意图，
图5是发射器处的RFID检测电路的框图，
图6是图5中不同部件的操作，
图7是具有单个辐射波束的所提议系统的计算出的辐射图案，和
图8是具有多个辐射波束的所提议系统的计算出的辐射图案。
具体实施方式
图1中显示的系统100用于在基站102和移动电子设备104之间进行无线能量转移。基站102包括用于发射的2.4GHz可转向天线(steerableantenna)106和用于接收确认(acknowledgement)的860MHz天线108。现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)110充当控制器。FPGA 110控制可转向天线106发送用于扫描分区112的范围以搜索任何设备104的射频辐射的聚焦突发(focused burst)。基于接收的任何确认，FPGA 110将确定任何所识别的设备104的位置。然后，可转向天线106朝该位置聚焦连续的射频辐射以将能量转移至设备104。该位置被跟踪，且如果设备104移动到另一个分区，则该位置被更新。
可转向天线106为具有M×N个单元的相控阵列(phased array)。其以2.45GHz发射射频能量，且具有数米的范围。覆盖区被划分为分区，其可以为1D或2D的。例如，如果分区为1D，则每一个分区由与基准之间的水平角来定义。在图1中，覆盖区大约180度，并且有7个分区。分区的维度和配置可被确定为适应于应用。
移动电子设备104可以是移动电话、数码相机、便携式媒体播放器、收音机、LED发光设备等。典型地，设备102将具有低的功耗，例如小于1W。
在图2中更详细示出了设备104。大体上，设备104包括2.4GHz接收天线200、电路或IC 202、以及860MHz发射天线204。电路202在天线200接收到脉冲时运行，并且在天线204上发射确认信号。一旦设备104被定位，IC202就存储转移到天线200的能量以供设备104稍后在正常操作时使用。
接收天线200和发射天线204均为全向的。例如，图4显示了两种可能的天线配置。虽然具体的天线可能取决于其所附着的电子设备的实际布局，然而示出了折叠式偶极子或常规偶极子。
IC 202可以是ASIC(专用集成电路)设计(比如，低成本CMOS工艺)，其具有超低功耗。其可包括RF-DC整流器206、电池或超级电容器208以及确认电路210。RF-DC整流器206转换射频能量并将其整流为直流，且其被储存于电池或超级电容器208中。
在图3中更详细地示出了确认电路210。比较器300通过将电池208的电压与外部电压基准302进行比较来确定电池208是否需要充电。如果电池电压高于阈值电压，则不向基站102发送确认。
如果电池电压低于阈值302，则比较器300使能函数(funct ion)发生器304。被使能的函数发生器304以非常低的频率(～kHz或更低)生成脉冲。通常，数据脉冲具有50％的占空比。为了尽可能节省能量，其占空比可被降低至1％或更低。然而，其脉宽可具有合理宽度，并且可以由RFID中的可用带宽来限制。如果图5中的天线具有3MHz的可用带宽，则接通时段可不小于6.7微秒。
每一个接收器具有唯一ID 306，且该数据与从函数发生器304输出的低频时钟相乘308。振荡器310将被加电，且通过来自倍增器308的经编码脉冲来调谐。振荡器310是中心频率为867.5MHz的门控型压控振荡器(VCO)。通过使用超低占空比脉冲列，振荡器310的总体功耗可被最小化，且只是接收功率的一部分。振荡器310的输出通过发射天线204发射。
在图5中更详细地示出了接收天线108。接收天线108可以是被调谐为0.86-0.89MHz、310-320MHz或其它RFID频段的全向天线。天线108的输出由低噪声放大器500放大，低噪声放大器500之后跟随着包络检测器502。这就将载频(例如，867.5MHz)除去，只留下基带波形。基带波形被解调504以确定设备ID，其被储存在FPGA 110中。基带波形还被积分506，并被ADC 508采样。数字信号被提供给FPGA 110。在扫描移至下一个分区后，开关510被闭合以重置积分器上的电压。
FPGA 110的操作通过图6中的各种波形示出。当可转向天线106开始扫描600时，使接收天线108等候来自设备104的响应602。由于使用了两种分离的频率，因此它们独立工作，且不需要说听(talk-and-listen)时段。接收到的确认602的包络604被解调成数据606，因此FGPA 100认识到设备104。该包络也被积分608以测量反馈信号强度。在结束测量反馈强度之前会给出重置信号610。一个分区之后，可转向天线106移至下一个分区且再次开始扫描。
系统100将以如下的至少两种模式运行：
1.搜索接收器
FGPA 110扫描并存储所采样到的反馈的峰值电压。然后，其比较所有的分区，并且最高电压峰值就是发备104的位置的估算。
2.充电并跟踪接收器
在充电过程中，设备104将以非常低的占空比保持确认。如果电池充满电，则不再发送确认。设备104停止充电。FGPA 110还存储峰值检测能量。如果峰值检测能量发生大的变化，则可转向天线106进入模式1并开始再次扫描。
在大多数的应用中，可转向天线106将射频波束聚焦在一个方向。然而，还可将可转向天线106配置为发送聚焦波束。以8个天线为一行，以+30度进行发射的辐射图案700在图7中被绘制出。如果可转向天线106被控制为聚焦两个波束而非一个，则供给就要被重新配置为将8个单元分为两个子阵列，每一个子阵列包括4个单元。在图8中绘制出了用于将功率递送至+30度802和-30度800的两个子阵列的辐射图案。由于使用了较少的单元，因此此种做法的负作用是更宽的波束宽度，且功率可能被降低一半(by a factor of 2)。
使用两个相距很宽的频率作为发射频率和接收频率，而非使用一个频率的优点包括：
1.射频发射和接收频率之间干扰较少或没有干扰。
2.进行波束扫描的能力允许具有更高效率的能量转移。
3.设备104处的功耗较低。
4.设备104尺寸更小。
5.因为确认信号功率如此低，使得该系统可实现相对准确的检测。
6.由于不需要说听时段，因此采集时间很短，且该系统能以最低的延迟动态地跟踪设备的移动。
虽然详细地描述了本发明的示例实施例，但是在所要求保护的本发明范围内的许多变化是可能的，且对技术人员来说是很清楚的。
Claims (13)
1.一种无线能量转移系统，包括：
发射器，其被配置为以第一频率跨越多个分区对射频辐射进行波束扫描；
接收器，其存储来自所述射频辐射的能量，并以第二频率发送确认，所述第一频率与所述第二频率有显著的不同；和
控制器，其被配置为基于所述确认将从所述发射器的无线能量转移基本上指向到所述接收器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述第一频率在ISM频段中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中，所述ISM频段大体上位于大约2.45GHz或5.80GHz。
4.根据上面权利要求任何一个所述的系统，其中，所述第二频率在RFID频段中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述RFID频段大体上位于大约866-869MHz或310-320MHz。
6.根据上面权利要求任何一个所述的系统，其中，所述发射器包括可转向相控阵列天线。
7.根据上面权利要求任何一个所述的系统，其中，所述接收器包括接收所述第一频率的第一全向天线和以所述第二频率进行发送的第二全向天线。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述接收器进一步包括被配置为存储来自所述第一全向天线的能量的电池或超级电容器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中，所述接收器进一步包括被配置为从所述电池或超级电容器生成特低频脉冲的函数发生器，以及从所述特低频脉冲生成所述第二频率的压控振荡器。
10.一种相对于发射器定位接收器的方法，包括：
在多个分区上扫描射频辐射的波束；
接收来自一个或多个分区的确认；以及
基于哪个分区有最强的确认来确定所述接收器的位置。
11.一种无线能量转移的方法，包括：
定位根据权利要求8的接收器；和
将射频辐射聚焦在所述接收器的位置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，进一步包括跟踪所述接收器的位置的任何变化。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述确认具有明显低于所述射频辐射的波束的频率。
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| SG2011088531A SG190477A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2011-11-28 | Wireless energy transfer system |
| SG201108853-1 | 2011-11-28 |
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Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104601297A (zh) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-06 | 北京邮电大学 | 协作无线能量传输方法和系统 |
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| SG190477A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
| US20130137455A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
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