CN103151763B - A kind of electric railway AT Traction networks fault distinguishing and guard method - Google Patents
A kind of electric railway AT Traction networks fault distinguishing and guard method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种电气化铁道AT牵引网故障判别与保护方法，当网压低于规定值时，将各自耦段中接触网T和负馈线F近、远端的空载潮流符号值标为0，流入的潮流符号值为1，流出的潮流符号值为-1；若有：自耦段内接触网T两端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值大于等于1，或者负馈线F两端的故障潮流符号值的和值的绝对值大于等于1，或者接触网T支路和负馈线F支路两端的故障潮流符号值的和值的绝对值均大于等于1；则分别判定该自耦段内发生接触网T对地短路故障、或者负馈线F对地短路故障、或者接触网T对负馈线F短路故障；并断开该自耦段两端的所有断路器；故障位置由该自耦段两端的相应电压和短路电流计算的短路电抗和所对应的自耦段的长度确定。
A fault discrimination and protection method for an electrified railway AT traction network. When the network voltage is lower than a specified value, the no-load power flow symbol value at the near and far ends of the catenary T and the negative feeder F in each coupling section is marked as 0, and the inflow power flow The symbol value is 1, and the outflow power flow symbol value is -1; if there is: the absolute value of the sum of the power flow symbol values at both ends of the catenary T in the self-coupling section is greater than or equal to 1, or the fault power flow symbol value at both ends of the negative feeder F The absolute value of the sum value is greater than or equal to 1, or the absolute value of the sum of the fault power flow sign values at both ends of the catenary T branch and the negative feeder F branch is greater than or equal to 1; then it is determined that the catenary T Short-circuit fault to ground, or short-circuit fault to ground of negative feeder F, or short-circuit fault of catenary T to negative feeder F; and disconnect all circuit breakers at both ends of the self-coupling section; the fault location is determined by the corresponding voltage and The short-circuit reactance calculated by the short-circuit current and the length of the corresponding self-coupling section are determined.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种电气化铁道AT牵引网故障判别与保护方法。The invention relates to a fault discrimination and protection method for an AT traction network of an electrified railway.
背景技术Background technique
电气化铁路牵引供电系统由牵引变电所和牵引网构成，牵引网由接触网、列车、钢轨(和地)构成。牵引网一般采用结构简单的直接供电方式。为适应高速铁路大功率列车的运行需求，日本、法国和我国的高速铁路牵引网都采用了自耦变压器(AT)供电方式。为进一步增强供电能力，我国还在近10，000km高速铁路上全部采用了上下行在自耦变压器(AT)处并联的供电方式，称为全并联AT供电方式。但是，必须看到，由于AT牵引网所构成的电力网络的复杂性、从牵引母线看进的牵引网电抗-距离特性的非线性、多值性以及既有技术的限制，使得牵引网故障的查找、定位、切除、隔离变得困难和不准，同时，全并联AT牵引网的任何一处故障将导致整条牵引网停运，又大大降低了本来就薄弱的牵引网的可靠性，反而影响、制约高速铁路的良好运行。The electrified railway traction power supply system is composed of traction substation and traction network, and the traction network is composed of catenary, train, rail (and ground). The traction network generally adopts a direct power supply method with a simple structure. In order to meet the operation needs of high-power trains on high-speed railways, the traction networks of high-speed railways in Japan, France and my country all adopt autotransformer (AT) power supply mode. In order to further enhance the power supply capacity, my country has also adopted a power supply method in which the uplink and downlink are connected in parallel at the autotransformer (AT) on the nearly 10,000km high-speed railway, which is called the full parallel AT power supply method. However, it must be noted that due to the complexity of the power network formed by the AT traction network, the nonlinearity of the traction network reactance-distance characteristics viewed from the traction busbar, the multi-valued nature, and the limitations of existing technologies, the failure of the traction network Finding, locating, removing, and isolating become difficult and inaccurate. At the same time, any fault in the fully parallel AT traction network will cause the entire traction network to be out of service, which greatly reduces the reliability of the already weak traction network. Influence and restrict the good operation of high-speed railway.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是提供一种电气化铁道AT牵引网故障判别与保护方法，该方法能及时、快速、准确地反映牵引网的故障类型和位置，并能迅速切除、隔离和排除故障，缩小事故及影响范围，提高牵引供电的可靠性。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fault discrimination and protection method for the AT traction network of electrified railways, which can reflect the fault type and location of the traction network in a timely, fast and accurate manner, and can quickly cut off, isolate and eliminate faults, and reduce accidents and accidents. Influence range, improve the reliability of traction power supply.
本发明解决其技术问题，所采用的技术方案为：一种电气化铁道AT牵引网故障判别与保护方法，其步骤是：The present invention solves its technical problem, and the adopted technical scheme is: a kind of electrified railway AT traction network failure discrimination and protection method, and its steps are:
A、测控中心实时同步采集每一自耦变压器ATn处的接触网T对地电压互感器检测出的接触网电压值、负馈线F对地电压互感器检测出的负馈线电压值，其中n为自耦段的序号，n＝1，2，3，...，N；当所有的接触网电压值、负馈线电压值均大于等于规定值时，则判定牵引网未发生短路故障，不对牵引网采取保护动作；否则，进行以下步骤的操作；A. The measurement and control center synchronously collects the catenary voltage value detected by the catenary T-to-ground voltage transformer at each autotransformer ATn in real time, and the negative feeder voltage value detected by the negative feeder F-to-ground voltage transformer, where n is The serial number of the self-coupling section, n=1, 2, 3, ..., N; when all the catenary voltage values and negative feeder voltage values are greater than or equal to the specified value, it is determined that there is no short-circuit fault in the traction network, and the traction network is faulty. network to take protective actions; otherwise, perform the following steps;
B、测控中心实时同步采集每一自耦段n内接触网T近、远端的电流互感器检测出的接触网T的近、远端电流值ITna、ITnb，实时同步采集每一自耦段n内负馈线F的近、远端的电流互感器检测出的负馈线F的近、远端电流值IFna、IFnb；根据各个自耦段接触网T的近、远端电流值ITna、ITnb，各个自耦段负馈线F的近、远端电流值IFna、IFnb，测控中心实时判断出各个自耦段n接触网T近、远端和负馈线F近、远端的潮流方向，并将流入方向的潮流符号值标定为1、流出方向的潮流符号值标定为-1、空载的潮流符号值标定为0；B. The measurement and control center collects the near and far current values ITna and ITnb of the near and far ends of the catenary T detected by the current transformers at the near and far ends of the catenary T in each self-coupling section n in real time, and collects each self-coupling section synchronously in real time The current values IFna and IFnb at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F detected by the current transformers at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F within n; The current values IFna and IFnb at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F of each self-coupling section, the measurement and control center can judge the near and far ends of the catenary T of each self-coupling section n in real time, and the near and far ends of the negative feeder F. The sign value of the tidal current in the direction is calibrated as 1, the sign value of the tidal current in the outflow direction is calibrated as -1, and the sign value of the tidal current in no-load is calibrated as 0;
C、若有自耦段n′内接触网T近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值大于等于1，但该自耦段n′内负馈线F近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值小于1，则测控中心判定该自耦段n′内发生接触网T对地短路故障，令该自耦段n′两端的接触网断路器KTn′a、KTn′b分闸，再重合，重合成功，则恢复正常；C. If there is an absolute value of the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of catenary T in the self-coupling section n', the absolute value of the sum is greater than or equal to 1, but the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section n' The absolute value of the sum value is less than 1, then the measurement and control center determines that a catenary T-to-ground short circuit fault occurs in the self-coupling section n', and the catenary circuit breakers KTn'a and KTn'b at both ends of the self-coupling section n' are separated The gate is reclosed, and if the reclose is successful, it will return to normal;
重合失败，则令该自耦段n′近、远端的接触网断路器KTn′a、KTn′b和负馈线断路器KFn′a、KFn′b一起分闸；同时，测控中心选择出该自耦段n′近、远端中短路电流较大的一端，并通过与该端最近的自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)处的接触网电压值与接触网的该端电流值计算出短路电抗，及该自耦段n′的接触网T与钢轨回路的总电抗，再用短路电抗与该总电抗的比值乘以该自耦段n的长度得出短路故障点距该自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)的距离；If the coincidence fails, the catenary circuit breakers KTn'a, KTn'b at the near and far ends of the self-coupling section n' and the negative feeder circuit breakers KFn'a, KFn'b are opened together; at the same time, the measurement and control center selects the The end of the short-circuit current in the near and far ends of the self-coupling section n' is larger, and the catenary voltage value at the nearest autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1) and the current of the catenary value to calculate the short-circuit reactance, and the total reactance of the catenary T of the self-coupling section n' and the rail circuit, and then multiply the ratio of the short-circuit reactance to the total reactance by the length of the self-coupling section n to obtain the distance between the short-circuit fault point and the The distance of autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1);
D、若有自耦段n′内负馈线F近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值大于等于1，但该自耦段n′内接触网T近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的小于1，则测控中心判定该自耦段n′内发生负馈线F对地短路故障，令该自耦段n′两端的负馈线断路器KFn′a、KFn′b分闸，再重合，重合成功，则恢复正常；D. If the absolute value of the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section n' is greater than or equal to 1, but the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the catenary T in the self-coupling section n' If the sum of the values is less than 1, then the measurement and control center determines that a short-circuit fault of the negative feeder F to ground occurs in the self-coupling section n', and opens the negative feeder circuit breakers KFn'a and KFn'b at both ends of the self-coupling section n', Repeat again, if the coincidence is successful, it will return to normal;
重合失败，则令该自耦段n′近、远端的负馈线断路器KFn′a、KFn′b和接触网断路器KTn′a、KTn′b一起分闸；同时，测控中心选择出该自耦段n′近、远端中短路电流较大的一端，并通过与该端最近的自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)处的负馈线电压值与负馈线的该端电流值计算出短路电抗，及该自耦段n′的负馈线F与钢轨回路的总电抗，再用短路电抗与该总电抗的比值乘以该自耦段n的长度得出短路故障点距该自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)的距离；If the coincidence fails, the negative feeder circuit breakers KFn'a, KFn'b at the near and far ends of the self-coupling section n' and the catenary circuit breakers KTn'a, KTn'b are opened together; at the same time, the measurement and control center selects the The end of the near and far ends of the autotransformer n' with the larger short-circuit current passes through the negative feeder voltage value at the nearest autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1) and the current of this end of the negative feeder value to calculate the short-circuit reactance, and the total reactance of the negative feeder F of the self-coupling section n' and the rail circuit, and then multiply the ratio of the short-circuit reactance to the total reactance by the length of the self-coupling section n to obtain the distance between the short-circuit fault point and the The distance of autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1);
F、若有自耦段n′内接触网T近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的大于等于1且该自耦段n′内负馈线F近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值也大于等于1，则测控中心判定该自耦段n′内发生接触网T对负馈线F短路故障，或发生接触网T和负馈线F同时对地的短路故障；测控中心令该自耦段n两端的接触网断路器KTn′a、KTn′b和负馈线断路器KFn′a、KFn′b均分闸，再重合，重合成功，则恢复正常；F. If the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of catenary T in the self-coupling section n' is greater than or equal to 1 and the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section n' The absolute value of is also greater than or equal to 1, then the measurement and control center determines that a short-circuit fault occurs between the catenary T and the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section n′, or a short-circuit fault occurs between the catenary T and the negative feeder F to the ground at the same time; the measurement and control center orders the The catenary circuit breakers KTn'a, KTn'b and the negative feeder circuit breakers KFn'a, KFn'b at both ends of the self-coupling section n are evenly opened, and then reclosed. If the reclosed is successful, it will return to normal;
重合失败，则令该自耦段n′近、远端的接触网断路器KTn′a、KTn′b和负馈线断路器KFn′a、KFn′b再次分闸；同时，同时，测控中心选择出该自耦段n′近、远端中短路电流较大的一端，并通过与该端最近的自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)处的接触网电压值、负馈线电压值与与接触网的该端电流值计算出短路电抗计算出短路电抗，及该自耦段n′内接触网T与负馈线F回路的总电抗，再用短路电抗与该总电抗的比值乘以该自耦段n′的长度得出短路故障点距该自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)的距离。If the coincidence fails, the catenary circuit breakers KTn'a, KTn'b near and far from the self-coupling section n' and the negative feeder circuit breakers KFn'a, KFn'b are opened again; at the same time, the measurement and control center selects Out of the near and far ends of the self-coupling section n', which has a larger short-circuit current, and passes through the catenary voltage value and negative feeder voltage value at the autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1) closest to this end Calculate the short-circuit reactance with the terminal current value of the catenary, calculate the short-circuit reactance, and the total reactance of the catenary T and the negative feeder F circuit in the self-coupling section n', and then multiply the ratio of the short-circuit reactance to the total reactance by The length of the autotransformer n' obtains the distance from the short-circuit fault point to the autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1).
本发明的工作原理是：The working principle of the present invention is:
通过采集每一自耦段n的自耦变压器ATn处接触网T和负馈线F对地电压值，当有接触网电压值、负馈线电压值小于等于规定值，表明牵引网发生了短路故障，需判定其位置并采取保护动作。By collecting the ground voltage value of the catenary T and the negative feeder F at the autotransformer ATn of each autotransformer n, when there is a catenary voltage value and a negative feeder voltage value less than or equal to the specified value, it indicates that the traction network has a short-circuit fault. It is necessary to determine its location and take protective action.
此时，测控中心实时同步采集每一自耦(AT)段n内的接触网T近、远两端的接触网电流值、负馈线F近、远两端的电流值，并据以判断出各个自耦段n接触网T近、远端和负馈线F近、远端的潮流方向，并将流入方向的潮流符号值标定为1、流出方向的潮流符号值标定为-1、空载的潮流符号值标定为0；At this time, the measurement and control center synchronously collects the catenary current values at the near and far ends of the catenary T in each auto-coupling (AT) segment n in real time, and the current values at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F, and judges each self-coupling The power flow direction of the near and far ends of the coupling section n catenary T and the near and far ends of the negative feeder F, and the power flow symbol value of the inflow direction is calibrated as 1, the flow symbol value of the outflow direction is calibrated as -1, and the no-load power flow symbol The value is scaled to 0;
由于自耦段内接触网或负馈线两端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值大于等于1时，表明在该段线路上流入与流出的电流不匹配，有大电流的泄漏，据此确定在该段线路上发生了短路故障，从而确定出发生短路故障所在的自耦段及其故障类型(接触网对地短路、负馈线对地短路、接触网对负馈线短路)，并令相应的断路器分闸和重合闸，如是瞬间短路或干扰所致，则会重合闸成功；重合闸失败，则表明短路故障为永久性故障，测控中心令该自耦段的所有断路器永久性分闸(直至确认故障排除后，再合闸)；并进而通过短路回路的电抗得出故障点的具体位置。Since the absolute value of the sum of the sign values of the catenary or negative feeder at both ends of the self-coupling section is greater than or equal to 1, it indicates that the inflow and outflow currents on this section of the line do not match, and there is a large current leakage. A short-circuit fault has occurred on this section of the line, so as to determine the self-coupling section where the short-circuit fault occurs and its fault type (catenary to ground short circuit, negative feeder to ground short circuit, catenary to negative feeder short circuit), and make the corresponding open circuit If it is caused by instantaneous short circuit or interference, the reclosing will be successful; if the reclosing fails, it indicates that the short circuit fault is a permanent fault, and the measurement and control center will permanently open all the circuit breakers of the self-coupling section ( Close the switch until it is confirmed that the fault is eliminated); and then obtain the specific location of the fault point through the reactance of the short-circuit circuit.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
一、本发明引入自耦变压器ATn处接触网T和负馈线F的对地电压值，每一自耦段两端的电流潮流符号值的和值作为判据，可方便、可靠地判断出故障的类型和具体位置，并及时断开故障所在自耦段两端的所有断路器，增强了继电保护的选择性、速动性和可靠性，更有效、准确地切除、隔离、排除故障，避免故障影响的扩大化，保证牵引网中非故障段的继续运行，减少停电范围，进而提高牵引供电的可靠性。另一方面，值班人员通过变电所或调度室的测控中心，可在供电发生故障状态下，及时、准确了解、掌握牵引网中故障的类型和具体位置，指引维修人员准确赴现场维修、排除故障，保证列车迅速恢复正常运行，也减少了供电发生故障的损失。One, the present invention introduces the ground voltage value of the catenary T and the negative feeder F at the autotransformer ATn place, and the sum of the current flow sign values at both ends of each autotransformer section is used as a criterion, which can conveniently and reliably judge the fault Type and specific location, and disconnect all circuit breakers at both ends of the self-coupling section where the fault is located in time, which enhances the selectivity, quick action and reliability of relay protection, and more effectively and accurately cuts, isolates, and eliminates faults to avoid faults The expansion of the impact ensures the continuous operation of the non-faulty section in the traction network, reduces the scope of power outages, and improves the reliability of traction power supply. On the other hand, through the measurement and control center of the substation or dispatching room, the personnel on duty can timely and accurately understand and grasp the type and specific location of the fault in the traction network when the power supply fails, and guide the maintenance personnel to accurately go to the scene to repair and eliminate failure, to ensure that the train can quickly resume normal operation, and also reduce the loss of power supply failure.
二、本发明可进一步与行车调度信息结合使用，增强牵引网运行方式的可控性和灵活性。2. The present invention can be further used in combination with traffic scheduling information to enhance the controllability and flexibility of the traction network operation mode.
三、本发明实施起来投资较少，既可用于新线建设和也适用于旧线改造。Three, the present invention is put into practice and invests less, both can be used for new line construction and also be applicable to old line transformation.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例的示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
图1示出，本发明的一种具体实施方式为：一种电气化铁道AT牵引网故障判别与保护方法，其步骤是：Fig. 1 shows, a kind of embodiment of the present invention is: a kind of electrified railway AT traction network fault discrimination and protection method, its steps are:
A、测控中心实时同步采集每一自耦变压器ATn处的接触网T对地电压互感器检测出的接触网电压值、负馈线F对地电压互感器检测出的负馈线电压值，其中n为自耦段的序号，n＝1，2，3，...，N；当所有的接触网电压值、负馈线电压值均大于等于规定值时，则判定牵引网未发生短路故障，不对牵引网采取保护动作；否则，进行以下步骤的操作；A. The measurement and control center synchronously collects the catenary voltage value detected by the catenary T-to-ground voltage transformer at each autotransformer ATn in real time, and the negative feeder voltage value detected by the negative feeder F-to-ground voltage transformer, where n is The serial number of the self-coupling section, n=1, 2, 3, ..., N; when all the catenary voltage values and negative feeder voltage values are greater than or equal to the specified value, it is determined that there is no short-circuit fault in the traction network, and the traction network is faulty. network to take protective actions; otherwise, perform the following steps;
B、测控中心实时同步采集每一自耦段n内接触网T近、远端的电流互感器检测出的接触网T的近、远端电流值ITna、ITnb，实时同步采集每一自耦段n内负馈线F的近、远端的电流互感器检测出的负馈线F的近、远端电流值IFna、IFnb；根据各个自耦段接触网T的近、远端电流值ITna、ITnb，各个自耦段负馈线F的近、远端电流值IFna、IFnb，测控中心实时判断出各个自耦段n接触网T近、远端和负馈线F近、远端的潮流方向，并将流入方向的潮流符号值标定为1、流出方向的潮流符号值标定为-1、空载的潮流符号值标定为0；B. The measurement and control center collects the near and far current values ITna and ITnb of the near and far ends of the catenary T detected by the current transformers at the near and far ends of the catenary T in each self-coupling section n in real time, and collects each self-coupling section synchronously in real time The current values IFna and IFnb at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F detected by the current transformers at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F within n; The current values IFna and IFnb at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F of each self-coupling section, the measurement and control center can judge the near and far ends of the catenary T of each self-coupling section n in real time, and the near and far ends of the negative feeder F. The sign value of the tidal current in the direction is calibrated as 1, the sign value of the tidal current in the outflow direction is calibrated as -1, and the sign value of the tidal current in no-load is calibrated as 0;
C、若有自耦段n′内接触网T近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值大于等于1，但该自耦段n′内负馈线F近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值小于1，则测控中心判定该自耦段n′内发生接触网T对地短路故障，令该自耦段n′两端的接触网断路器KTn′a、KTn′b分闸，再重合，重合成功，则恢复正常；C. If there is an absolute value of the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of catenary T in the self-coupling section n', the absolute value of the sum is greater than or equal to 1, but the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section n' The absolute value of the sum value is less than 1, then the measurement and control center determines that a catenary T-to-ground short circuit fault occurs in the self-coupling section n', and the catenary circuit breakers KTn'a and KTn'b at both ends of the self-coupling section n' are separated The gate is reclosed, and if the reclose is successful, it will return to normal;
重合失败，则令该自耦段n′近、远端的接触网断路器KTn′a、KTn′b和负馈线断路器KFn′a、KFn′b一起分闸；同时，测控中心选择出该自耦段n′近、远端中短路电流较大的一端，并通过与该端最近的自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)处的接触网电压值与接触网的该端电流值计算出短路电抗，及该自耦段n′的接触网T与钢轨回路的总电抗，再用短路电抗与该总电抗的比值乘以该自耦段n的长度得出短路故障点距该自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)的距离。If the coincidence fails, the catenary circuit breakers KTn'a, KTn'b at the near and far ends of the self-coupling section n' and the negative feeder circuit breakers KFn'a, KFn'b are opened together; at the same time, the measurement and control center selects the The end of the short-circuit current in the near and far ends of the self-coupling section n' is larger, and the catenary voltage value at the nearest autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1) and the current of the catenary value to calculate the short-circuit reactance, and the total reactance of the catenary T of the self-coupling section n' and the rail circuit, and then multiply the ratio of the short-circuit reactance to the total reactance by the length of the self-coupling section n to obtain the distance between the short-circuit fault point and the Autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1) distance.
如：图1中，自耦段n′＝2即自耦段2内接触网T近、远端的潮流符号值的和值等于2，自耦段2内负馈线近、远端的潮流符号值的和值为零，其他自耦段n(n＝1，3，4，...，N)的接触网T近、远端以及负馈线F近、远端的潮流符号值的和值均为零。测控中心则判定自耦段2内发生接触网T对地短路故障，令自耦段2近、远两端的接触网断路器KT2a、KT2b分闸，再重合，重合成功，则恢复正常。重合失败，则令自耦段2近、远两端的接触网断路器KT2a、KT2b和负馈线断路器KF2a、KF2b一起分闸；同时，测控中心对比发现自耦段2接触网T近端的短路电流IT2a大于接触网T远端的的短路电流IT2b，则选择与自耦段2接触网T近端最近的自耦变压器AT2处(即自耦段2的自耦变压器)的接触网电压值与该端的接触网电流值IT2a计算出短路电抗，及自耦段2的接触网T与钢轨回路的总电抗，用短路电抗与总电抗的比值乘以自耦段2的长度得出短路故障点距自耦变压器AT2的距离。For example: in Figure 1, the self-coupling section n'=2 means that the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of catenary T in the self-coupling section 2 is equal to 2, and the power flow symbols at the near and far ends of the negative feeder in the self-coupling section 2 The sum of the values is zero, and the sum of the sign values of the near and far ends of catenary T and the near and far ends of the negative feeder F of other self-coupling sections n (n=1, 3, 4, ..., N) are all zero. The measurement and control center determines that there is a catenary T-to-ground short circuit fault in the self-coupling section 2, so that the catenary circuit breakers KT2a and KT2b at the near and far ends of the self-coupling section 2 are opened, and then reclosed. If the reclosure is successful, it will return to normal. If the coincidence fails, the catenary circuit breakers KT2a, KT2b and the negative feeder circuit breakers KF2a, KF2b at the near and far ends of the self-coupling section 2 are opened together; at the same time, the measurement and control center compares and finds that there is a short circuit at the near end of the catenary T of the self-coupling section 2 If the current IT2a is greater than the short-circuit current IT2b at the far end of the catenary T, then the catenary voltage value at the nearest autotransformer AT2 to the near end of the catenary T of the self-coupling section 2 (that is, the autotransformer of the self-coupling section 2) and The catenary current value IT2a at this end calculates the short-circuit reactance, and the total reactance of the catenary T of the self-coupling section 2 and the rail circuit, and the short-circuit fault point distance is obtained by multiplying the ratio of the short-circuit reactance to the total reactance by the length of the self-coupling section 2 Autotransformer AT2 distance.
又如图1中，若自耦段n′＝2即自耦段2内接触网T近端的潮流符号值为1、而远端的潮流符号值为0，其和值的绝对值等于1；自耦段2内负馈线近、远端的潮流符号值的和值为零，其他自耦段n(n＝1，3，4，...，N)的接触网T以及负馈线F近端和远端的潮流符号值的和值均为零；测控中心则判定自耦段2内的接触网T发生对地短路故障。同时，由于自耦段2内接触网T近端的潮流符号值为1、而远端的潮流符号值为0，也即近端有电流流入、远端没有电流流过测控中心可进一步判定：靠近自耦变压器AT2接触网T的近端发生对地短路故障，远端则发生断线故障。测控中心对比发现自耦段2接触网T近端的短路电流IT2a远大于接触网T远端的的断路电流IT2b，则选择与自耦段2接触网T近端最近的自耦变压器AT2处的接触网电压值与该端的接触网电流值IT2a计算出短路电抗，及自耦段2的接触网T与钢轨回路的总电抗，用短路电抗与总电抗的比值乘以自耦段2的长度得出短路故障点距自耦变压器AT2的距离。Also as shown in Figure 1, if the self-coupling section n'=2, that is, the power flow sign value at the near end of the catenary T in the self-coupling section 2 is 1, while the power flow sign value at the far end is 0, and the absolute value of the sum is equal to 1 ; The sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the negative feeder in self-coupling section 2 is zero, and the catenary T and negative feeder F of other self-coupling sections n (n=1, 3, 4, ..., N) The sum of the power flow sign values at the near end and the far end is zero; the measurement and control center judges that the catenary T in the self-coupling section 2 has a short-circuit fault to ground. At the same time, since the power flow sign value at the near end of the catenary T in the self-coupling section 2 is 1, and the far end sign value is 0, that is, there is current flowing in at the near end and no current flowing through the measurement and control center at the far end. It can be further determined: A short-circuit fault to ground occurs at the near end of the catenary T close to the autotransformer AT2, and a disconnection fault occurs at the far end. The measurement and control center compares and finds that the short-circuit current IT2a at the near end of the catenary T of the self-coupling section 2 is much greater than the open-circuit current IT2b at the far end of the catenary T, so select the autotransformer AT2 that is closest to the near-end of the catenary T of the self-coupling section 2 The short-circuit reactance is calculated from the catenary voltage value and the catenary current value IT2a of this terminal, and the total reactance of the catenary T of the self-coupling section 2 and the rail circuit, and the ratio of the short-circuit reactance to the total reactance is multiplied by the length of the self-coupling section 2 to obtain The distance from the short-circuit fault point to the autotransformer AT2.
D、若有自耦段n′内负馈线F近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值大于等于1，但该自耦段n′内接触网T近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的小于1，则测控中心判定该自耦段n′内发生负馈线F对地短路故障，令该自耦段n′两端的负馈线断路器KFn′a、KFn′b分闸，再重合，重合成功，则恢复正常；D. If the absolute value of the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section n' is greater than or equal to 1, but the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the catenary T in the self-coupling section n' If the sum of the values is less than 1, then the measurement and control center determines that a short-circuit fault of the negative feeder F to ground occurs in the self-coupling section n', and opens the negative feeder circuit breakers KFn'a and KFn'b at both ends of the self-coupling section n', Repeat again, if the coincidence is successful, it will return to normal;
重合失败，则令该自耦段n′近、远端的负馈线断路器KFn′a、KFn′b和接触网断路器KTn′a、KTn′b一起分闸；同时，测控中心选择出该自耦段n′近、远端中短路电流较大的一端，并通过与该端最近的自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)处的负馈线电压值与负馈线的该端电流值计算出短路电抗，及该自耦段n′的负馈线F与钢轨回路的总电抗，再用短路电抗与回路总电抗的比值乘以该自耦段n的长度得出短路故障点距该自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)的距离。If the coincidence fails, the negative feeder circuit breakers KFn'a, KFn'b at the near and far ends of the self-coupling section n' and the catenary circuit breakers KTn'a, KTn'b are opened together; at the same time, the measurement and control center selects the The end of the near and far ends of the autotransformer n' with the larger short-circuit current passes through the negative feeder voltage value at the nearest autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1) and the current of this end of the negative feeder value to calculate the short-circuit reactance, and the total reactance of the negative feeder F of the self-coupling section n' and the rail circuit, and then multiply the ratio of the short-circuit reactance to the total loop reactance by the length of the self-coupling section n to obtain the distance between the short-circuit fault point and the Autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1) distance.
如：图1中，自耦段n′＝2即自耦段2内负馈线F近、远端的潮流符号值的和值等于2，自耦段2内接触网T近、远端的潮流符号值的和值为零，其他自耦段n(n＝1，3，4，...，N)的接触网T近、远端以及负馈线近、远端的潮流符号值的和值均为零。测控中心则判定自耦段2内发生负馈线F对地短路故障，令自耦段2近、远两端的负馈线断路器KT2a、KT2b分闸，再重合，重合成功，则恢复正常。重合失败，则令自耦段2近、远两端的负馈线断路器KF2a、KF2b和接触网断路器KT2a、KT2b一起分闸；同时，测控中心对比发现自耦段2负馈线F近端的短路电流IF2a大于负馈线F远端的的短路电流IF2b，则选择与自耦段2负馈线F近端最近的自耦变压器AT2处的负馈线电压值与负馈线F该端的电流值IF2a计算出短路电抗，及自耦段2的负馈线F与钢轨的回路的总电抗，用短路电抗与总电抗的比值乘以自耦段2的长度得出短路故障点距自耦变压器AT2的距离。For example: in Figure 1, the self-coupling section n'=2 means that the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section 2 is equal to 2, and the power flow at the near and far ends of the catenary T in the self-coupling section 2 The sum of the sign values is zero, and the sum of the sign values of the near and far ends of catenary T and the near and far ends of the negative feeder line of other self-coupling sections n (n=1, 3, 4, ..., N) are all zero. The measurement and control center judges that a short-circuit fault of the negative feeder F to ground occurs in the self-coupling section 2, so that the negative feeder circuit breakers KT2a and KT2b at the near and far ends of the self-coupling section 2 are opened, and then reclosed. If the reclosure is successful, it will return to normal. If the reclosing fails, the negative feeder circuit breakers KF2a, KF2b and catenary circuit breakers KT2a, KT2b at the near and far ends of the self-coupling section 2 are opened together; at the same time, the measurement and control center compares and finds that there is a short circuit at the near end of the negative feeder F of the self-coupling section 2 If the current IF2a is greater than the short-circuit current IF2b at the far end of the negative feeder F, select the voltage value of the negative feeder at the autotransformer AT2 closest to the near end of the negative feeder F of auto-coupling section 2 and the current value IF2a at this end of the negative feeder F to calculate the short circuit Reactance, and the total reactance of the negative feeder F of the auto-coupling section 2 and the rail circuit, the distance between the short-circuit fault point and the autotransformer AT2 is obtained by multiplying the ratio of the short-circuit reactance to the total reactance by the length of the auto-coupling section 2.
F、若有自耦段n′内接触网T近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的大于等于1且该自耦段n′内负馈线F近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值也大于等于1，则测控中心判定该自耦段n′内发生接触网T对负馈线F短路故障，或发生接触网T和负馈线F同时对地的短路故障；测控中心令该自耦段n两端的接触网断路器KTn′a、KTn′b和负馈线断路器KFn′a、KFn′b均分闸，再重合，重合成功，则恢复正常；F. If the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of catenary T in the self-coupling section n' is greater than or equal to 1 and the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section n' The absolute value of is also greater than or equal to 1, then the measurement and control center determines that a short-circuit fault occurs between the catenary T and the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section n′, or a short-circuit fault occurs between the catenary T and the negative feeder F to the ground at the same time; the measurement and control center orders the The catenary circuit breakers KTn'a, KTn'b and the negative feeder circuit breakers KFn'a, KFn'b at both ends of the self-coupling section n are evenly opened, and then reclosed. If the reclosed is successful, it will return to normal;
重合失败，则令该自耦段n′近、远端的接触网断路器KTn′a、KTn′b和负馈线断路器KFn′a、KFn′b再次分闸；同时测控中心选择出该自耦段n′近、远端中短路电流较大的一端，并通过与该端最近的自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)处的接触网电压值、负馈线电压值与与接触网的该端电流值计算出短路电抗计算出短路电抗，及该自耦段n′内接触网T与负馈线F的回路总电抗，再用短路电抗与该回路总电抗的比值乘以该自耦段n′的长度得出短路故障点距该自耦变压器ATn′或AT(n′+1)的距离。If the coincidence fails, the catenary circuit breakers KTn'a, KTn'b near and far from the self-coupling section n' and the negative feeder circuit breakers KFn'a, KFn'b are opened again; The end of the short-circuit current at the near and far ends of the coupling section n' is larger, and the catenary voltage value at the nearest autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1), the negative feeder voltage value and the contact Calculate the short-circuit reactance by calculating the short-circuit reactance from the current value of the end of the network, and the total loop reactance of the catenary T and the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section n', and then multiply the ratio of the short-circuit reactance to the total loop reactance by the self-coupling section n′ The length of the coupling section n' gives the distance from the short-circuit fault point to the autotransformer ATn' or AT(n'+1).
如：图1中，若自耦段n′＝3即自耦段3内接触网T近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值为2，自耦段3内负馈线F近、远端的潮流符号值的和值的绝对值也为2；其他自耦段n(n＝1，2，4，...，N)的接触网T近、远端以及负馈线近、远端的潮流符号值的和值均为零。测控中心则判定自耦段3内发生接触网T和负馈线F之间的短路故障，令自耦段3两端的接触网断路器KT3a、KT3b和负馈线断路器KF3a、KF3b均分闸，再重合，重合成功，则恢复正常。重合失败，则令自耦段3近、远端的接触网断路器KT3a、KT3b和负馈线断路器KF3a、KF3b均再次分闸；同时，测控中心对比发现自耦段3接触网T近端的短路电流IT3a(等于负馈线F近端的的短路电流IF3a)大于远端的接触网T的短路电流IT3b(等于负馈线F远端的短路电流IF3b)，则选择与自耦段3接触网T近端最近的自耦变压器AT3(即自耦段3的自耦变压器)处接触网电压值和负馈线电压值与该端的接触网断路器KT3a中的电流值IT3a计算短路电抗，及自耦段3接触网T与负馈线F回路的总电抗，用短路电抗与总电抗的比值乘以自耦段3的长度得出短路故障点距自耦段3的自耦变压器AT3的距离。For example: in Figure 1, if the self-coupling section n'=3, that is, the absolute value of the sum of the power flow sign values at the near and far ends of the catenary T in the self-coupling section 3 is 2, and the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section 3 is near, The absolute value of the sum of the power flow sign values at the far end is also 2; the near and far ends of catenary T of other self-coupling sections n (n=1, 2, 4, ..., N) and the near and far ends of the negative feeder The sum of the power flow symbol values at the end is zero. The measurement and control center determines that a short-circuit fault occurs between the catenary T and the negative feeder F in the self-coupling section 3, so that the catenary circuit breakers KT3a, KT3b and the negative feeder circuit breakers KF3a, KF3b at both ends of the self-coupling section 3 are opened, and then Overlap, if the overlay is successful, it will return to normal. If the coincidence fails, the catenary circuit breakers KT3a, KT3b at the near and far ends of the self-coupling section 3 and the negative feeder circuit breakers KF3a, KF3b are opened again; The short-circuit current IT3a (equal to the short-circuit current IF3a at the near end of the negative feeder F) is greater than the short-circuit current IT3b of the catenary T at the far end (equal to the short-circuit current IF3b at the far end of the negative feeder F), then select the catenary T with the self-coupling section 3 The catenary voltage value and negative feeder voltage value at the nearest autotransformer AT3 (i.e. the autotransformer of autotransformer section 3) at the near end and the current value IT3a in the catenary circuit breaker KT3a at this end are used to calculate the short-circuit reactance, and the autotransformer 3. For the total reactance of catenary T and negative feeder F circuit, multiply the ratio of short-circuit reactance to total reactance by the length of auto-coupling section 3 to obtain the distance between the short-circuit fault point and autotransformer AT3 of auto-coupling section 3.
显然，本发明中的n′为n的特定具体值，是接触网T(或负馈线F)发生了短路故障的自耦段的序号，如图1中，n′＝2或3。Obviously, n' in the present invention is a specific value of n, which is the serial number of the self-coupling section where a short-circuit fault has occurred in the catenary T (or negative feeder F), as shown in Figure 1, n'=2 or 3.
本发明的方法还可以对牵引网各个自耦段n中既发生短路也发生断路的复合故障进行判定和定位。对判定为发生短路故障的自耦段n的接触网或负馈线F，如其一端的潮流符号值为0(即该端没有电流流过)，则可判定接触网T或负馈线F在该端发生断线故障，而在另一端发生短路故障。The method of the present invention can also judge and locate the composite fault that both short circuit and open circuit occur in each self-coupling section n of the traction network. For the catenary or negative feeder F of the self-coupling section n that is determined to have a short-circuit fault, if the power flow sign value at one end is 0 (that is, no current flows at this end), then it can be determined that the catenary T or negative feeder F is at this end A broken wire fault occurs while a short circuit fault occurs at the other end.
显然，本例的操作方法和步骤既能适用于图1的单线AT牵引网情形，也能适用于复线AT牵引网末端并联及复线全并联AT牵引网的情形。Obviously, the operation method and steps in this example can be applied to the situation of the single-line AT traction network in Fig. 1 , and can also be applied to the situation of the terminal parallel connection of the double-line AT traction network and the situation of the double-line full-parallel AT traction network.
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