CN103149275B - Liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel - Google Patents
Liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103149275B CN103149275B CN201310058370.6A CN201310058370A CN103149275B CN 103149275 B CN103149275 B CN 103149275B CN 201310058370 A CN201310058370 A CN 201310058370A CN 103149275 B CN103149275 B CN 103149275B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic flaw detection method of a train wheel, and in particular relates to a liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of a train wheel. The method comprises the following steps of: sequentially distributing a plurality of probes under a rail surface at intervals, and realizing the direct coupling of an ultrasonic wave with a wheel set tread through wave carrying liquid by liquid guide ultrasound; and forming a fan-shaped scanning region by each probe due to a position relationship between each probe after the region above the probe is ground by the wheel and the wheel, and synthesizing all the fan-shaped scanning regions together to form a scanning detecting region containing the whole wheel, wherein the ultrasonic wave is conducted to the wheel from the probes through a liquid medium to complete the scanning type ultrasonic flaw detection of the whole wheel in a manner of non-direct contact. The ultrasonic flaw detection method has the advantages of being extreme in coupling performance, and stable and reliable; the method is high in detecting performance, wherein the detecting density is 10-20 times as thick as that of the current array type equipment, and the quantity of the probes is 1/5-1/10 that of the current array type equipment; and the method is free from mechanical contact and mechanical motion parts, so that the equipment can be convenient to install and maintain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to railroad train wheel ultrasonic flaw detection method, specifically a kind of liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel.
Background technology
At present, have two kinds of modes to the online through type flaw detection of wheel, one is electromagnetic ultrasonic surface wave flaw detection, when wheel is popped one's head in through electromagnetic ultrasonic wave, inspire at wheel surface the ultrasonic surface wave that two-way goes in the same direction, the radial defect within the scope of 8mm under tread can be found; Two is that arrayed ultrasonic wave inspection is in patent 201020147840.8 mode, one section of detection track is arranged continuously and organizes ultrasonic probe more, when wheel rolls across the instantaneous of ultrasonic probe, this probe excites and produces an acoustic beam at inside wheel, be that wheel completes the flaw detection of whole wheel after rolling across all about 450 different types of probes by the region of detecting within the scope of acoustic beam spread angle.Above-mentioned two kinds of modes have significant limitation.Mode one can only detect the defect under tread within the scope of 8mm, and relatively whole wheel detection scope is very little, and practical application limitation is very large.The probe quantity of application in mode two is large, and during probe state of nature, upper plane is higher than orbit plane, is forced down by probe when wheel arrives, and wheel is popped one's head in after grinding and set back by spring force.For ensureing the laminating of probe and wheel arc surface, probe has motion in the circumferential with axially, probe directly contacts with wheel and with above-below direction, motion in circumference and axially thus cause the mechanical wear of equipment, probe and wheel clearance rely on the water spraying wheel surface to carry out ultrasonic coupling, coupling effect has certain randomness, can not ensure reliable and stable permanent work.The restriction of the mechanical dimension that the density of popping one's head in addition is popped one's head in, add and cover whole wheel and have employed three kinds of dissimilar probes, three kinds of arrangements needing interval, the spacing distance of the probe of type of detection of the same race just becomes very large, detection density is caused to lower,, there is erroneous judgement and detection leakage phenomenon in the poor repeatability detected.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve above-mentioned background technology Problems existing, and provides a kind of when only needing a small amount of probe, can realize the liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel of larger surveyed area continuous detecting function.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme:
A kind of liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel, it arranges ultrasonic probe respectively on detection track, utilizes liquid to lead ultrasonic, realize ultrasound wave direct-coupling by carrier wave liquid and wheel tread; Wheel is utilized to grind the probe of probe upper area process formation and the position relationship of wheel, make the scanning area of each probe formation fan, each sector scan region synthesis together, form the Scanning Detction region that contains whole wheel, ultrasound wave is transmitted to wheel non-direct contact type from probe via liquid medium and completes scan-type UT (Ultrasonic Testing) to whole wheel.
Further, described probe is positioned at below orbit plane, in the track wheel rim width range of side, arranges probe below the wheel rim respectively inside wheel rim, in the middle part of wheel rim and outside wheel rim.
Further, in orbital direction, according to wheel circumference length of run scope, equidistant or unequal-interval arranges probe, contains whole wheel after the surveyed area synthesis of all probes.
Further, the position relationship of described wheel and probe incides wheel arcwall face based on ultrasound wave, and the position with wheel and probe changes, hyperacoustic incident angle consecutive variations, and current incidence point is only micro-mobile in the cambered surface of wheel tread.
Further, when hyperacoustic incident angle consecutive variations within the scope of ± 28 degree, produce continuous print refraction waveform in corresponding wheel, this refraction waveform comprises ± 80 degree of scope compressional waves and shear wave.
Further, wheel is through probe area, and the ultrasonic frequency that probe occurs is 100-2000hz.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:
1. utilize liquid to lead ultrasonic, make hyperacoustic coupling performance reach ultimate attainment and long time stability, improve ultrasonic transmissivity, detectivity is strong, avoids probe and causes probe mechanical wear with direct contact of wheel, reduce equipment failure rate;
2. the consecutive variations of incident angle, produces corresponding continuous sweep refracting ultrasound, and detection density is 10-20 times of current array formula equipment, and quantity of popping one's head in is few, and probe quantity is 1/5 to 1/10 of current array formula equipment;
3. making and installation is simple, and do not have Mechanical Contact, do not have mechanical moving element, plant maintenance is simple and convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Probe arrangement schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is probe and wheel position geometric relationship schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is sector display area schematic.
Fig. 4-Figure 14 is single probe sector display process schematic.
In figure: track 1, probe 2, wheel 3, rail level 4, liquid level 5, sector display region 6.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, and object is only to understand content of the present invention better.Therefore, the cited case does not limit the scope of the invention.
See Fig. 1, liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel described in the present embodiment, first according to the diameter (1250mm) of wheel 3, on the tread of the wheel 3 on left and right track 1 (about 140mm width range) within the scope of the circumference length of run 4000mm of wheel 3, below wheel rim respectively inside wheel rim, in the middle part of wheel rim and wheel rim outside spacers certain distance, be arranged symmetrically with several probe 2 successively.
See Fig. 2, probe 2 and the position relationship of wheel 3 are described as follows: wheel 3 linearly track 1 rolls and moves ahead, 1 b on mistake front rail level 4, and the tread intersection point making a pedal line L and wheel 3 is a, and now core wheel point h to be positioned on rail level 4 directly over o point.Cycloid fac and cycloid ce is a point track when wheel rolling.Along with constantly moving ahead of wheel 3, wheel 3 central point h by moving to directly over b point directly over o point, due to apart from track 1 immediate area, because both arc length oa and straight-line segment ob length difference is bc, gap is less, and a point main manifestations is that the catenary motion amount of moving in the horizontal direction is relatively little.When wheel 3 diameter is 1250 mm, ob long 280mm, ba height 60mm, wheel 3 is forwarded to b point by o point, and a point is about 13mm in the variation of wheel circumference.2 relative wheels 3 that are equivalent to pop one's head in the traveling process of wheel 3 have the circumference of 13mm to move, and this amount of movement, on probe result not any impact, for the ease of analyzing, can be similar to and think that the some a on a b relative wheel 3 does not have occurred level position to change.
See Fig. 3, the formation of fan scanning area 6 is described as follows: the probe 2 being positioned at b point upwards launches a branch of flaw detection ultrasound wave da via vertical line L, steel wheel 3 surface is arrived through da liquid regions conduct ultrasound, cross a point and approximate fixed point incidence is done to wheel 3, liquid steel interface occurs the refraction of sound wave and the conversion of waveform, and import wheel 3 inside formation refraction wave ac, along with moving ahead of wheel 3, incident angle β continuously changes, in wheel, ultrasound wave refraction angle θ also continuously changes within the specific limits and forms scanning sound wave, scanning sound wave forms the sector display region 6 centered by a in wheel 3 inside.
When wheel 3 diameter presses 1250mm, liquid for water, in water, ultrasonic velocity to be pressed in 1480m/s, steel ultrasound wave longitudinal wave velocity and is calculated by 3200m/s by the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity of sound in 5900m/s, steel, and in steel wheel, the relation of hyperacoustic refraction angle θ harmony wave property and incident angle β is in table 1.
Table 1 sound wave angular relationship table
| Ultrasonic incident angle β | 0°～9° | 9°～16.5° | 16.5°～27.5° |
| Steel wheel internal ultrasonic refraction angle θ | 0°～38° | － | 38°～74° |
| Steel wheel internal ultrasonic character | Compressional wave | － | Shear wave |
| Remarks | Coexist faint shear wave | Echo data does not deal with | Without compressional wave |
For further illustrating the formation in sector display region 6, Fig. 4-Figure 14 gives the scanning process of single probe, in Fig. 4: s=280mm, θ=74 °; In Fig. 5: revolve-3.04, s=250mm, θ=61 °; In Fig. 6: revolve-6.85 °, s=180mm, θ=38 °; In Fig. 7: revolve-7.52 °, s=100mm, θ=38 °; In Fig. 8: revolve-4.62 °, s=50mm, θ=18 °; In Fig. 9: revolve-4.59 °, s=0mm, θ=0 °; In Figure 10: revolve-4.59 °, s=-50mm, θ=-18 °; In Figure 11: revolve-4.62 °, s=-100mm, θ=-38 °; In Figure 12: revolve-7.52 °, s=-180mm, θ=-38 °; In Figure 13: revolve-6.85 °, s=-250mm, θ=-61 °; In Figure 14: revolve-3.04 °, s=-280mm, θ=-74 °.
As shown in Fig. 4-Figure 14, wheel 3 center line is apart from the length range of probe 2 axis s=± 280mm, and probe 2 all launches ultrasound wave at continuous print.The drop center portion of wheel 3 is that shear wave detects scope, all has detect effect preferably to the defect of each orientation such as circumference, radial direction that this position occurs; The wide annular section of 150mm below wheel rim is compressional wave, shear wave twofold detection region; 150mm below wheel rim ~ axis hole position detects position based on compressional wave, has sensitive detection power to the circumferential crack defect of most destructive power on disc.
In sum, wheel 3 incides wheel 3 arcwall face with the position relationship of probe 2 based on ultrasound wave, and change with the position of wheel 3 with probe 2, hyperacoustic ranges of incidence angles is ± 28 degree, current incidence point is only micro-mobile in the cambered surface of wheel tread, moving range 5-30mm; When hyperacoustic incident angle is within the scope of ± 28 degree, in wheel 3, produce ± 80 degree of refracted longitudinal waves and shear wave.When wheel 3 is through each probe 2, probe 2 just carries out ultrasonic scanning flaw detection to the sector region of in wheel 3, and there is redundancy detection region at adjacent two probes 2, the surveyed area synthesizing several probe 2 just covers whole wheel.
Probe 2 of the present invention is at wheel 3 through its region probed, and the ultrasonic frequency sent can be 100-2000hz.
Claims (4)
1. a liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel, it is characterized in that, ultrasonic probe arranged by detection track, described probe is positioned at below orbit plane, in the track wheel rim width range of side, arrange probe below wheel rim respectively inside wheel rim, in the middle part of wheel rim and outside wheel rim, utilize liquid to lead ultrasonic, realize ultrasound wave direct-coupling by carrier wave liquid and wheel tread; The position relationship of described wheel and probe incides wheel arcwall face based on ultrasound wave, and the position with wheel and probe changes, hyperacoustic incident angle consecutive variations, and current incidence point is only micro-mobile in the cambered surface of wheel tread; Wheel is utilized to grind the probe of probe upper area process formation and the position relationship of wheel, make the scanning area of each probe formation fan, each sector scan region synthesis together, form the Scanning Detction region that contains whole wheel, ultrasound wave is transmitted to wheel non-direct contact type from probe via liquid medium and completes scan-type UT (Ultrasonic Testing) to whole wheel.
2. liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in orbital direction, according to wheel circumference length of run scope, equidistant or unequal-interval arranges probe, contains whole wheel after the surveyed area synthesis of all probes.
3. liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when hyperacoustic incident angle consecutive variations within the scope of ± 28 degree, produce continuous print refraction waveform in corresponding wheel, this refraction waveform comprises ± 80 degree of scope compressional waves and shear wave.
4. liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wheel is through probe area, and the ultrasonic frequency that probe occurs is 100-2000hz.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103558292B (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2016-03-30 | 西南交通大学 | For the linear transducer array of the online dynamically carrying out flaw detection device of Railway wheelset |
| CN105181803B (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2018-08-14 | 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 | A kind of vehicular wheel is to method of detection and system |
| CN105606708B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2019-04-09 | 南京拓控信息科技有限公司 | A kind of detection method of the portable fault detection system of train wheel |
| CN109709218A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-03 | 陕西能源麟北发电有限公司 | A kind of turbine blade ultrasonic surface wave detecting method |
| CN109725064A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-07 | 北京双河理声自动化检测技术有限公司 | A kind of wheel rim supersonic detection device and detection method |
| CN116297871B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-08-01 | 西南石油大学 | Single ultrasonic transducer wheel type probe capable of continuously changing incidence angle |
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| US8596126B2 (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-12-03 | Amsted Rail Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a railway wheel ultrasonic testing apparatus |
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Effective date of registration: 20220105 Address after: 063020 169 Torch Road, Tangshan City high tech Zone, Hebei Patentee after: TANGSHAN BAICHUAN INTELLIGENT MACHINE Co.,Ltd. Address before: 063020 169 Torch Road, Tangshan City high tech Development Zone, Hebei Patentee before: TANGSHAN BAICHUAN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN RESEARCH Co.,Ltd. |
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