CN103149275A - Liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel - Google Patents
Liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of train wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103149275A CN103149275A CN2013100583706A CN201310058370A CN103149275A CN 103149275 A CN103149275 A CN 103149275A CN 2013100583706 A CN2013100583706 A CN 2013100583706A CN 201310058370 A CN201310058370 A CN 201310058370A CN 103149275 A CN103149275 A CN 103149275A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic flaw detection method of a train wheel, and in particular relates to a liquid guide ultrasonic probe array flaw detection test method of a train wheel. The method comprises the following steps of: sequentially distributing a plurality of probes under a rail surface at intervals, and realizing the direct coupling of an ultrasonic wave with a wheel set tread through wave carrying liquid by liquid guide ultrasound; and forming a fan-shaped scanning region by each probe due to a position relationship between each probe after the region above the probe is ground by the wheel and the wheel, and synthesizing all the fan-shaped scanning regions together to form a scanning detecting region containing the whole wheel, wherein the ultrasonic wave is conducted to the wheel from the probes through a liquid medium to complete the scanning type ultrasonic flaw detection of the whole wheel in a manner of non-direct contact. The ultrasonic flaw detection method has the advantages of being extreme in coupling performance, and stable and reliable; the method is high in detecting performance, wherein the detecting density is 10-20 times as thick as that of the current array type equipment, and the quantity of the probes is 1/5-1/10 that of the current array type equipment; and the method is free from mechanical contact and mechanical motion parts, so that the equipment can be convenient to install and maintain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to railroad train wheel UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method, specifically a kind of train wheel liquid is led the array ultrasonic probe method for detection fault detection.
Background technology
At present, online through type flaw detection has dual mode to wheel, and a kind of is the electromagnetic ultrasonic surface wave flaw detection, when wheel is popped one's head in through electromagnetic ultrasonic wave, inspire at wheel surface the ultrasonic surface wave that two-way goes in the same direction, can find the radially defective in the 8mm scope under tread; The 2nd, the arrayed ultrasonic wave inspection is in patent 201020147840.8 modes, arrange continuously many group ultrasonic probes on one section detection track, when cartwheel roll is crossed the instantaneous of ultrasonic probe, this probe excites and produces an acoustic beam at inside wheel, zone for being detected in acoustic beam spread angle scope, cartwheel roll cross complete the flaw detection of whole wheel after 450 the different types of probes of having an appointment.Above-mentioned dual mode has significant limitation.Mode one can only detect the defective in the 8mm scope under tread, and relatively whole wheel detection scope is very little, and the practical application limitation is very large.The probe quantity of using in mode two is large, and during the probe state of nature, upper plane is higher than orbit plane, and wheel when arriving forces down probe, and wheel stone roller probe later sets back by spring force.For guaranteeing the applying of probe and wheel arc surface, probe week upwards with axially on motion is arranged, thereby probe and wheel directly contact and follow above-below direction, week upwards with axial on motion cause the mechanical wear of equipment, probe carries out ultrasonic coupling with the water that wheel gap dependence sprays wheel surface, coupling effect has certain randomness, can not guarantee reliable and stable permanent work.The restriction of the mechanical dimension that the density of popping one's head in is in addition popped one's head in, add the whole wheel of covering and adopted three kinds of dissimilar probes, three kinds of arrangements that need the interval, it is very large that the spacing distance of the probe of type of detection of the same race just becomes, cause detection density to lower, erroneous judgement and undetected phenomenon appear in the poor repeatability that detects.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve the problem that the above-mentioned background technology exists, and provides a kind of only the need can realize that the train wheel liquid of larger surveyed area continuous detecting function is led the array ultrasonic probe method for detection fault detection in a small amount of situation of popping one's head in.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts:
A kind of train wheel liquid is led the array ultrasonic probe method for detection fault detection, and it is to arrange respectively ultrasonic probe on the detection track, utilizes liquid to lead ultrasonic, realizes the ultrasound wave direct-coupling by carrier wave liquid and wheel tread; Utilize wheel to grind to pop one's head in probe that the upper area process forms and the position relationship of wheel, make each probe form the scanning area of a fan type, each sector scan region synthesis together, form a scan test section territory of containing whole wheel, ultrasound wave is transmitted to the wheel non-direct contact type from probe via liquid medium and completes scan-type UT (Ultrasonic Testing) to whole wheel.
Further, described probe is positioned at below orbit plane, in a siding track rim width scope, respectively below the wheel rim of wheel rim inboard, wheel rim middle part and the wheel rim outside arrange probe.
Further, on orbital direction, according to wheel circumference length of run scope, equidistant or unequal-interval is arranged probe, contains whole wheel after the surveyed area of all probes is synthetic.
Further, the position relationship of described wheel and probe incides the wheel arcwall face based on ultrasound wave, and with the position change of wheel and probe, hyperacoustic incident angle changes continuously, and current incidence point is only micro-mobile on the cambered surface of wheel tread.
Further, when hyperacoustic incident angle changes continuously, produce continuous refraction waveform in corresponding wheel in ± 28 degree scopes, this refraction waveform comprises ± 80 degree scope compressional wave and shear waves.
Further, during wheel process probe area, the ultrasonic frequency that probe occurs is 100-2000hz.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:
1. utilize liquid to lead ultrasonic, make hyperacoustic coupling performance reach ultimate attainment and long time stability, improved ultrasonic transmissivity, detectivity is strong, has avoided probe to cause probe mechanical wear with direct contact of wheel, has reduced equipment failure rate;
2. the continuous variation of incident angle produces corresponding continuous sweep refracting ultrasound, and detection density is 10-20 times of current array formula equipment, and probe quantity is few, and probe quantity is 1/5 to 1/10 of current array formula equipment;
3. make and install simply, there is no Mechanical Contact, there is no mechanical moving element, plant maintenance is simple and convenient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the Probe arrangement schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is probe and wheel position geometric relationship schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the sector display area schematic.
Fig. 4-Figure 14 is single probe sector display process schematic diagram.
In figure: track 1, probe 2, wheel 3, rail level 4, liquid level 5, sector display zone 6.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, and purpose only is to understand better content of the present invention.Therefore, the cited case does not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the described train wheel liquid of the present embodiment is led the array ultrasonic probe method for detection fault detection, at first according to the diameter (1250mm) of wheel 3, at (approximately 140mm width range) on the tread of the wheel 3 on left and right track 1 and in the circumference length of run 4000mm of wheel 3 scope, respectively below the wheel rim of wheel rim inboard, wheel rim middle part and the wheel rim outside keep at a certain distance away, and is arranged symmetrically with successively several probes 2.
Referring to Fig. 2, probe 2 is described as follows with the position relationship of wheel 3: wheel 3 rolls along rectilinear orbit 1 and moves ahead, and crosses 1 b on the rail level 4 of the place ahead, and the tread intersection point of making a pedal line L and wheel 3 is a, at this moment core wheel point h be positioned at that on rail level 4, o is ordered directly over.Cycloid fac and cycloid ce are a point tracks when wheel rolling.Along with constantly moving ahead of wheel 3, wheel 3 central point h are by moving to directly over the o point directly over the b point, due in distance track 1 immediate area, because of arc length oa and straight-line segment ob both length difference be bc, gap is less, and a point main manifestations is the catenary motion amount of moving in the horizontal direction less.When wheel 3 diameters are 1250 mm, the long 280mm of ob, during the high 60mm of ba, wheel 3 is forwarded to the b point by the o point, and a point is about 13mm in the circumferential variation of wheel.Being equivalent to probe 2 relative wheels 3 in the traveling process of wheel 3 has the circumferential movement of 13mm, and this amount of movement does not have any impact to probe result, does not have the occurred level position to change for the ease of analyzing, can be similar to the some a that thinks on a b relative wheel 3.
referring to Fig. 3, the formation of fan type scanning area 6 is described as follows: be positioned at the probe 2 that b orders and upwards launch a branch of flaw detection ultrasound wave da via vertical line L, through da liquid regions conduction ultrasound wave arrival steel wheel 3 surfaces, cross a point wheel 3 is done the incident of approximate fixed point, the refraction of sound wave and the conversion of waveform occur on liquid steel interface, and the inner refraction wave ac that form of importing wheel 3, along with moving ahead of wheel 3, incident angle β continuously changes, in wheel, ultrasound wave refraction angle θ also continuously changes within the specific limits and forms the scanning sound wave, the scanning sound wave is in the inner sector display zone 6 that forms centered by a of wheel 3.
When wheel 3 diameters by 1250mm, liquid take water as example, in water, ultrasonic velocity is pressed in 1480m/s, steel ultrasound wave longitudinal wave velocity and is pressed in 5900m/s, steel the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity of sound and press 3200m/s and calculate, and in steel wheel, the relation of hyperacoustic refraction angle θ harmony wave property and incident angle β sees Table 1.
Table 1 sound wave angular relationship table
| Ultrasonic incident angle β | 0°～9° | 9°～16.5° | 16.5°～27.5° |
| Steel wheel internal ultrasonic refraction angle θ | 0°～38° | － | 38°～74° |
| Steel wheel internal ultrasonic character | Compressional wave | － | Shear wave |
| Remarks | Faint shear wave coexists | Echo data does not deal with | Without compressional wave |
For further illustrating the formation in sector display zone 6, Fig. 4-Figure 14 has provided the scanning process of single probe, in Fig. 4: s=280mm, θ=74 °; In Fig. 5: revolve-3.04, s=250mm, θ=61 °; In Fig. 6: revolve-6.85 °, s=180mm, θ=38 °; In Fig. 7: revolve-7.52 °, s=100mm, θ=38 °; In Fig. 8: revolve-4.62 °, s=50mm, θ=18 °; In Fig. 9: revolve-4.59 °, s=0mm, θ=0 °; In Figure 10: revolve-4.59 °, s=-50mm, θ=-18 °; In Figure 11: revolve-4.62 °, s=-100mm, θ=-38 °; In Figure 12: revolve-7.52 °, s=-180mm, θ=-38 °; In Figure 13: revolve-6.85 °, s=-250mm, θ=-61 °; In Figure 14: revolve-3.04 °, s=-280mm, θ=-74 °.
As Fig. 4-shown in Figure 14, wheel 3 center lines are in the length range of probe 2 axis s=± 280mm, and probe 2 is all at continuous emission ultrasound wave.The drop center portion of wheel 3 is that shear wave is detected scope, and defective that circumferentially, radially waits each orientation that this position is occurred all has detects effect preferably; The wide annular section of the following 150mm of wheel rim is that compressional wave, shear wave twofold detection are regional; The following 150mm of wheel rim～axis hole position is take compressional wave as the main position of detecting, and the circumferential crack defective of tool destructive power on disc is had sensitive detection power.
In sum, wheel 3 incides wheel 3 arcwall faces with the position relationship of probe 2 based on ultrasound wave, and with the position change of wheel 3 with probe 2, hyperacoustic ranges of incidence angles is ± 28 degree, current incidence point is only micro-mobile on the cambered surface of wheel tread, moving range 5-30mm; In ± 28 degree scopes, produce ± 80 degree refracted longitudinal wave and shear waves when hyperacoustic incident angle in wheel 3.During through each probe 2, probe 2 just carries out the ultrasonic scanning flaw detection to a sector region in wheel 3 when wheel 3, has the redundancy detection zone at adjacent two probes 2, and the surveyed area of synthetic several probes 2 has just been contained whole wheel.
Claims (6)
1. a train wheel liquid is led the array ultrasonic probe method for detection fault detection, it is characterized in that, arranges respectively ultrasonic probe on the detection track, utilizes liquid to lead ultrasonic, realizes the ultrasound wave direct-coupling by carrier wave liquid and wheel tread; Utilize wheel to grind to pop one's head in probe that the upper area process forms and the position relationship of wheel, make each probe form the scanning area of a fan type, each sector scan region synthesis together, form a scan test section territory of containing whole wheel, ultrasound wave is transmitted to the wheel non-direct contact type from probe via liquid medium and completes scan-type UT (Ultrasonic Testing) to whole wheel.
2. train wheel liquid according to claim 1 is led the array ultrasonic probe method for detection fault detection, it is characterized in that, described probe is positioned at below orbit plane, in a siding track rim width scope, respectively below the wheel rim of wheel rim inboard, wheel rim middle part and the wheel rim outside arrange probe.
3. train wheel liquid according to claim 1 and 2 is led the array ultrasonic probe method for detection fault detection, it is characterized in that, on orbital direction, according to wheel circumference length of run scope, equidistant or unequal-interval is arranged probe, contains whole wheel after the surveyed area of all probes is synthetic.
4. train wheel liquid according to claim 1 is led the array ultrasonic probe method for detection fault detection, it is characterized in that, the position relationship of described wheel and probe incides the wheel arcwall face based on ultrasound wave, position with wheel and probe changes, hyperacoustic incident angle changes continuously, and current incidence point is only micro-mobile on the cambered surface of wheel tread.
5. according to claim 1 or 4 described train wheel liquid are led the array ultrasonic probe method for detection fault detection, it is characterized in that, when hyperacoustic incident angle changes in ± 28 degree scopes continuously, produce continuous refraction waveform in corresponding wheel, this refraction waveform comprises ± 80 degree scope compressional wave and shear waves.
6. according to claim 1 or 4 described train wheel liquid are led the array ultrasonic probe method for detection fault detection, it is characterized in that, during wheel process probe area, the ultrasonic frequency that probe occurs is 100-2000hz.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103558292A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-05 | 西南交通大学 | Probe array for on-line dynamic train wheel set flaw detection device |
| CN105181803A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2015-12-23 | 株洲时代装备技术有限责任公司 | Vehicle-mounted wheel set flaw detection method and system |
| CN105606708A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-05-25 | 南京拓控信息科技有限公司 | Locomotive wheel portable flaw detection system, and detection method thereof |
| CN109709218A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-03 | 陕西能源麟北发电有限公司 | A kind of turbine blade ultrasonic surface wave detecting method |
| CN109725064A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-07 | 北京双河理声自动化检测技术有限公司 | A kind of wheel rim supersonic detection device and detection method |
| CN116297871A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-06-23 | 西南石油大学 | Single ultrasonic transducer wheel type probe capable of continuously changing incidence angle |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103558292A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-05 | 西南交通大学 | Probe array for on-line dynamic train wheel set flaw detection device |
| CN105181803A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2015-12-23 | 株洲时代装备技术有限责任公司 | Vehicle-mounted wheel set flaw detection method and system |
| CN105181803B (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2018-08-14 | 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 | A kind of vehicular wheel is to method of detection and system |
| CN105606708A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-05-25 | 南京拓控信息科技有限公司 | Locomotive wheel portable flaw detection system, and detection method thereof |
| CN105606708B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2019-04-09 | 南京拓控信息科技有限公司 | A kind of detection method of the portable fault detection system of train wheel |
| CN109709218A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-03 | 陕西能源麟北发电有限公司 | A kind of turbine blade ultrasonic surface wave detecting method |
| CN109725064A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-07 | 北京双河理声自动化检测技术有限公司 | A kind of wheel rim supersonic detection device and detection method |
| CN116297871A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-06-23 | 西南石油大学 | Single ultrasonic transducer wheel type probe capable of continuously changing incidence angle |
| CN116297871B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-08-01 | 西南石油大学 | Single ultrasonic transducer wheel type probe capable of continuously changing incidence angle |
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Effective date of registration: 20220105 Address after: 063020 169 Torch Road, Tangshan City high tech Zone, Hebei Patentee after: TANGSHAN BAICHUAN INTELLIGENT MACHINE Co.,Ltd. Address before: 063020 169 Torch Road, Tangshan City high tech Development Zone, Hebei Patentee before: TANGSHAN BAICHUAN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN RESEARCH Co.,Ltd. |
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