CN113607823B - Method for detecting longitudinal crack depth of cylindrical concrete by utilizing ultrasonic waves - Google Patents
Method for detecting longitudinal crack depth of cylindrical concrete by utilizing ultrasonic waves Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
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- G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the depth of a longitudinal crack of cylindrical concrete by utilizing ultrasonic waves, which comprises the following steps: step 1, determining a detection point A; step 2, calibrating the ultrasonic wave velocity V of the cylindrical concrete; step 3, determining the phase reversal position of the head wave; and 4, calculating the longitudinal crack depth of the cylindrical concrete. The method for detecting the longitudinal crack depth of the cylindrical concrete by utilizing the ultrasonic waves is suitable for detecting the crack depth of the curved concrete, is simple, quick and accurate, has high practicability and can be widely popularized and used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete civil engineering test detection, and particularly relates to a method for detecting the depth of a longitudinal crack of cylindrical concrete by utilizing ultrasonic waves.
Background
With the great development of complicated and large civil engineering structures such as urban traffic and highways, concrete is an important civil material, and plays a vital role in controlling engineering quality. At present, a great deal of important infrastructure and large-scale civil engineering structure are under the interaction of factors such as structural load, environmental erosion and the like for a long time, and various concrete defects are necessarily generated in the concrete civil engineering structure successively, so that the capability and the normal working life of the concrete civil engineering for resisting sudden natural disasters are obviously reduced.
Among the various defects that cause damage to concrete structures, the most common one is cracking. Many of the cracks were initially microcracks and were invisible to the naked eye. While incipient microcracks often result in continued cracking, and macroscopic cracks appear to the naked eye. These cracks can have a significant impact on the durability and load bearing capacity of the concrete structure. Therefore, in order to fully ensure the safety of civil engineering structures and personnel, effective measures are required to be actively adopted to repair and strengthen the concrete structure, and a selected detection method is mainly to measure the range, the size and the cause of cracks by adopting a nondestructive detection method.
The basic concept of detecting concrete cracks by an ultrasonic method is as follows: the physical parameters of ultrasonic pulse waves in concrete are measured and analyzed by using an ultrasonic detector with a waveform display function and an ultrasonic transducer with the frequency larger than 20KHz, and whether the concrete has defects or not is judged according to the parameters and the relative changes of the parameters. These parameters include propagation velocity (sound velocity), head wave phase, head wave amplitude (amplitude), signal dominant frequency (dominant frequency), etc. Ultrasonic signals transmitted and received by ultrasonic transducers are high in frequency but low in energy, and are generally used for shallow fracture testing, and the effective test depth of the fracture is generally considered to be not more than 500mm.
The ultrasonic detection of the concrete crack depth at the present stage mainly aims at horizontal plane detection, namely the detection surface is mutually perpendicular to the concrete crack, as shown in fig. 1, and the ultrasonic detection can not be suitable for detecting the concrete crack depth when the detection surface is a curved surface.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting the longitudinal crack depth of cylindrical concrete by utilizing ultrasonic waves, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for detecting the depth of a longitudinal crack of cylindrical concrete by utilizing ultrasonic waves, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a detection point A:
the side surface of the cylindrical concrete is provided with a longitudinal crack, and in the longitudinal crack, a position point with the maximum width is determined to be a detection point A;
drawing a circular measuring line E passing through the detecting point A at the periphery of the cylindrical concrete;
step 2, calibrating the ultrasonic wave velocity V of the cylindrical concrete;
step 3, determining the phase reversal position of the head wave:
step 3.1, symmetrically installing an ultrasonic transmitting transducer and an ultrasonic receiving transducer along a circular measuring line E and at the left side and the right side of a detecting point A;
specific: the ultrasonic transmitting transducer is arranged at a position point P on the left side of the detection point A by taking the detection point A as the center 1-1 The ultrasonic receiving transducer is arranged at a position point P on the right side of the detection point A 1-2 Location point P 1-1 And the arc length between the detection points A is equal to the position point P 1-2 And the arc length between the detection points a;
step 3.2, presetting a maximum threshold of detection time;
step 3.3, ultrasonic transmitting transducer at position point P 1-1 Transmitting ultrasonic wave, wherein the ultrasonic wave propagates in the concrete structure, and determining the position point P of the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer in the maximum threshold of the detection time 1-2 If the first wave signal can be received, recording the first wave signal received by the ultrasonic receiving transducer, and analyzing to obtain the first wave signal waveform; the first wave signal waveform includes two kinds: the head wave presents a downward convex waveform and the head wave presents an upward convex waveform;
step 3.4, then, along the circular measuring line E, taking the detecting point a as the center, reversely moving the step sizes of the ultrasonic transmitting transducer, the ultrasonic receiving transducer and the like to the next position, namely: the ultrasonic transmitting transducer is moved to the position point P 2-1 The ultrasonic receiving transducer is moved to the position point P 2-2 Repeating the wave emission and wave measurement processes of step 3.2;
in this way, each time the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer are moved to the corresponding positions, the wave transmitting and wave measuring process is performed;
by analysis, it is determined that: along with the continuous increase of the distance between the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer and the detection point A, the ultrasonic transmitting transducer cannot initially receive wave signals; then, when the ultrasonic wave transmitting transducer can receive the wave signal, the wave signal continuously takes the form of a waveform with the first wave protruding upwards, after being converted at one position, the wave signal is converted into the waveform with the first wave protruding downwards, and the converted position point is called as the first wave phase reversal position;
step 3.5, thus, determining the position of the phase reversal of the head wave through steps 3.1-3.4; assuming that the ultrasonic transmitting transducer moves to a position point B, and the ultrasonic receiving transducer moves to a position point D to be a first wave phase inversion position;
step 4, calculating the depth of the longitudinal crack of the cylinder concrete:
step 4.1, representing the tip of the bottom of the crack as a point C; the straight line distance from point C to point A is denoted as L AC ，L AC The depth of the crack to be solved is;
step 4.2, the distance from the position point B to the point C is L BC Is determined by the following method:
the ultrasonic wave transmitting transducer transmits ultrasonic waves at a position point B, and the time T when the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer receives wave signals at a position point D is determined;
specifically, the head wave phase inversion position represents: the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic wave emitting transducer at the position point B passes through the tip at the bottom of the crack, namely the point C, and then diffracts at the position of the point C, and is received by the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer at the position point D, wherein the wave signal is diffracted wave; therefore, the path sum S of wave propagation is: s=distance L from point B to point C BC Distance L from +position point C to position point D CD The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Also, since the position points D and B are symmetrically arranged from the detection point A, the distance L BC ＝L CD ；
Thus, L is obtained by the following formula BC ：
Wherein: v is the ultrasonic wave velocity of the cylindrical concrete determined in the step 2;
step 4.3, measuring the arc length of the detected point A and the position point B, wherein the arc length is expressed as follows: arc length AB; the central angle AOB corresponding to the arc length AB is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: r is the radius of a circular measuring line E;
step 4.4, according to the angle AOB, respectively obtaining the length L of the chord length AB AB Angle BAC:
step 4.5, for triangle ABC, two side lengths are obtained, respectively: l (L) BC And L AB The +.BAC is obtained, therefore, the sine value sin +.ACB of the +.ACB is obtained by using the sine theorem according to the following formula:
step 4.6, determining an angle ACB according to the sine value sin of the angle ACB;
step 4.7, determining the angle ABC according to the following formula:
step 4.8, obtaining the crack depth L through cosine theorem AC ：
Thereby realizing the detection of the longitudinal crack depth of the cylinder concrete.
Preferably, the step 2 specifically comprises:
drawing a circular measuring line K which is close to the circular measuring line E and does not pass through any crack at the periphery of the cylindrical concrete; the installation point M1 and the installation point M2 are arbitrarily determined along the circular measuring line K, so that the connection line of the installation point M1 and the installation point M2 passes through the diameter of the circular measuring line K;
an ultrasonic transmitting transducer is installed at a mounting point M1, and an ultrasonic receiving transducer is installed at a mounting point M2; an ultrasonic transmitting transducer transmits ultrasonic waves, and the time t of receiving the ultrasonic waves by an ultrasonic receiving transducer is recorded; calculating to obtain the wave velocity v of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the cylinder concrete to be tested through the following formula;
wherein: r is the radius of the circular measuring line K;
and (5) measuring for multiple times to obtain multiple wave velocities V, and taking an average value to obtain the final calibrated cylindrical concrete ultrasonic wave velocity V.
The method for detecting the longitudinal crack depth of the cylindrical concrete by utilizing the ultrasonic waves has the following advantages:
the method for detecting the longitudinal crack depth of the cylindrical concrete by utilizing the ultrasonic waves is suitable for detecting the crack depth of the curved concrete, is simple, quick and accurate, has high practicability and can be widely popularized and used.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional concrete crack depth detection scheme;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a cylinder concrete with longitudinal split according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circular line E according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the invention for measuring the wave velocity of a standard cylinder concrete;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of determining the position of the phase inversion of the head wave according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of three types of wave propagation provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram showing the waveform of the head wave as being convex upward;
FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram showing the waveform of the head wave as a downward bulge;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of crack depth calculation provided by the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a method for detecting the depth of a longitudinal crack of a cylinder concrete by using ultrasonic waves.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Compared with the traditional concrete crack depth ultrasonic detection, the method for detecting the concrete cylinder longitudinal crack depth by utilizing ultrasonic waves is provided, and the method can detect the cylinder concrete longitudinal crack depth and make up for the defect that the traditional concrete crack depth detection method is not suitable for curved surfaces.
The invention provides a method for detecting the longitudinal crack depth of cylindrical concrete by utilizing ultrasonic waves, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a detection point A:
the side surface of the cylindrical concrete is provided with a longitudinal crack, and in the longitudinal crack, a position point with the maximum width is determined to be a detection point A; as shown in fig. 2, a side view of a cylinder concrete with longitudinal slits is shown;
drawing a circular measuring line E passing through the detecting point A at the periphery of the cylindrical concrete; as shown in fig. 3, a schematic view of a circular line E is shown, which is a cross-sectional view of cylindrical concrete.
Step 2, calibrating the ultrasonic wave velocity V of the cylindrical concrete;
before detecting the depth of the concrete crack of the cylinder, the concrete wave velocity needs to be calibrated. The concrete method is that a cross section without cracks is found near the cracks, and the mode of the test is shown as figure 4, which is a schematic diagram for testing and calibrating the concrete wave velocity of the cylinder; and the wave speed of ultrasonic wave propagation in the concrete of the cylinder to be tested is calculated by acquiring the time from transmitting to receiving. In order to improve the accuracy of the wave speed, the average value can be measured for multiple times.
The step 2 is specifically as follows:
drawing a circular measuring line K which is close to the circular measuring line E and does not pass through any crack at the periphery of the cylindrical concrete; the installation point M1 and the installation point M2 are arbitrarily determined along the circular measuring line K, so that the connection line of the installation point M1 and the installation point M2 passes through the diameter of the circular measuring line K;
an ultrasonic transmitting transducer is installed at a mounting point M1, and an ultrasonic receiving transducer is installed at a mounting point M2; an ultrasonic transmitting transducer transmits ultrasonic waves, and the time t of receiving the ultrasonic waves by an ultrasonic receiving transducer is recorded; calculating to obtain the wave velocity v of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the cylinder concrete to be tested through the following formula;
wherein: r is the radius of the circular measuring line K;
and (5) measuring for multiple times to obtain multiple wave velocities V, and taking an average value to obtain the final calibrated cylindrical concrete ultrasonic wave velocity V.
Step 3, determining the phase reversal position of the head wave:
the main purpose of this step is to determine the position of the phase reversal of the head wave. Only if the phase inversion of the first wave occurs, it is determined that the received signal waveform is obtained by diffraction propagation from the tip at the bottom of the crack.
As shown in fig. 5, a schematic diagram of determining the phase inversion position of the first wave is shown, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 3.1, symmetrically installing an ultrasonic transmitting transducer and an ultrasonic receiving transducer along a circular measuring line E and at the left side and the right side of a detecting point A;
specific: the ultrasonic transmitting transducer is arranged at a position point P on the left side of the detection point A by taking the detection point A as the center 1-1 The ultrasonic receiving transducer is arranged at a position point P on the right side of the detection point A 1-2 Location point P 1-1 And the arc length between the detection points A is equal to the position point P 1-2 And the arc length between the detection points a;
step 3.2, presetting a maximum threshold of detection time;
step 3.3, ultrasonic transmitting transducer at position point P 1-1 Transmitting ultrasonic wave, wherein the ultrasonic wave propagates in the concrete structure, and determining the position point P of the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer in the maximum threshold of the detection time 1-2 If the first wave signal can be received, recording the first wave signal received by the ultrasonic receiving transducer, and analyzing to obtain the first wave signal waveform; the first wave signal waveform includes two kinds: the head wave presents a downward convex waveform and the head wave presents an upward convex waveform;
step 3.4, then, along the circular measuring line E, taking the detecting point a as the center, reversely moving the step sizes of the ultrasonic transmitting transducer, the ultrasonic receiving transducer and the like to the next position, namely: the ultrasonic transmitting transducer is moved to the position point P 2-1 The ultrasonic receiving transducer is moved to the position point P 2-2 Repeating the wave emission and wave measurement processes of step 3.2;
in this way, each time the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer are moved to the corresponding positions, the wave transmitting and wave measuring process is performed;
by analysis, it is determined that: along with the continuous increase of the distance between the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer and the detection point A, the ultrasonic transmitting transducer cannot initially receive wave signals; then, when the ultrasonic wave transmitting transducer can receive the wave signal, the wave signal continuously takes the form of a waveform with the first wave protruding upwards, after being converted at one position, the wave signal is converted into the waveform with the first wave protruding downwards, and the converted position point is called as the first wave phase reversal position; as shown in fig. 7, the first wave waveform is a waveform chart showing an upward bulge; as shown in fig. 8, the first wave waveform is a waveform chart showing a downward convexity.
Step 3.5, thus, determining the position of the phase reversal of the head wave through steps 3.1-3.4; assuming that the ultrasonic transmitting transducer moves to a position point B, and the ultrasonic receiving transducer moves to a position point D to be a first wave phase inversion position;
in practical application, when the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer are reversely moved in equal step length, the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer can be moved in larger step length, and when the phase inversion of the head wave occurs, the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer are moved in small step length in the phase inversion zone, so that the position of the phase inversion point is more accurately determined.
This step is explained in detail below:
as shown in fig. 6, AC is the fracture and point C is the fracture bottom tip; when the ultrasonic wave transmitting transducer is moved to a different position on the left side of the detection point a and emits ultrasonic waves, there are the following cases: 1) The ultrasonic transmitting transducer generates waves that propagate outward in a spherical shape. When the wave propagates to the crack position, it is reflected by the left edge of the crack and propagates to the left inside the concrete structure, i.e. the G1 wave path in fig. 6, in which case the ultrasonic receiving transducer on the right cannot directly receive the wave signal. 2) The ultrasonic wave transmitting transducer generates a wave, when the longitudinal wave (i.e., the head wave) with the highest speed reaches the crack bottom tip C, diffraction occurs at the crack bottom tip C, and at this time, the crack tip C serves as a new wave source, and reaches the receiving transducer through propagation, namely, the G3 wave path in fig. 6. It can be determined that when the receiving transducer receives the head wave, its path must be the G3 path in fig. 6, and at this time, the G3 path length can be obtained by measuring the wave propagation time. 3) The ultrasonic wave transmitting transducer generates wave, and the wave is reflected by other positions of the outer boundary of the circular measuring line E and reaches the receiving transducer, namely the G2 wave path in FIG. 6. In this case, the receiving transducer is not a path of G3, although it can also receive waves. Thus, when the receiving transducer is able to receive the wave, if it is determined that the wave is received as a G3 path, instead of a G2 position wave, it is a problem that the present invention needs to solve with emphasis.
Thus, by the method of step 3.1-step 3.5, it can be determined that the wave formed by the G3 path is the wave when the phase of the head wave is inverted.
Step 4, calculating the depth of the longitudinal crack of the cylinder concrete:
as shown in fig. 9, a schematic diagram of crack depth calculation is shown.
Step 4.1, representing the tip of the bottom of the crack as a point C; point(s)The straight line distance from C to the detection point A is denoted as L AC ，L AC The depth of the crack to be solved is;
step 4.2, the distance from the position point B to the point C is L BC Is determined by the following method:
the ultrasonic wave transmitting transducer transmits ultrasonic waves at a position point B, and the time T when the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer receives wave signals at a position point D is determined;
specifically, the head wave phase inversion position represents: the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic wave emitting transducer at the position point B passes through the tip at the bottom of the crack, namely the point C, and then diffracts at the position of the point C, and is received by the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer at the position point D, wherein the wave signal is diffracted wave; therefore, the path sum S of wave propagation is: s=distance L from point B to point C BC Distance L from +position point C to position point D CD The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Also, since the position points D and B are symmetrically arranged from the detection point A, the distance L BC ＝L CD ；
Thus, L is obtained by the following formula BC ：
Wherein: v is the ultrasonic wave velocity of the cylindrical concrete determined in the step 2;
step 4.3, measuring the arc length of the detected point A and the position point B, wherein the arc length is expressed as follows: arc length AB; the central angle AOB corresponding to the arc length AB is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: r is the radius of a circular measuring line E;
step 4.4, according to the angle AOB, respectively obtaining the length L of the chord length AB AB Angle BAC:
step 4.5, for triangle ABC, two side lengths are obtained, respectively: l (L) BC And L AB The +.BAC is obtained, therefore, the sine value sin +.ACB of the +.ACB is obtained by using the sine theorem according to the following formula:
step 4.6, determining an angle ACB according to the sine value sin of the angle ACB;
step 4.7, determining the angle ABC according to the following formula:
step 4.8, obtaining the crack depth L through cosine theorem AC ：
Thereby realizing the detection of the longitudinal crack depth of the cylinder concrete.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the traditional concrete crack depth detection method, the method can only detect the horizontal plane, solves the problem that the curved surface concrete crack depth cannot be detected in the past, is simple, quick and accurate, has high practicability, and can be widely popularized and used.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is also intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for detecting the depth of a longitudinal crack of cylindrical concrete by utilizing ultrasonic waves, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining a detection point A:
the side surface of the cylindrical concrete is provided with a longitudinal crack, and in the longitudinal crack, a position point with the maximum width is determined to be a detection point A;
drawing a circular measuring line E passing through the detecting point A at the periphery of the cylindrical concrete;
step 2, calibrating the ultrasonic wave velocity V of the cylindrical concrete;
step 3, determining the phase reversal position of the head wave:
step 3.1, symmetrically installing an ultrasonic transmitting transducer and an ultrasonic receiving transducer along a circular measuring line E and at the left side and the right side of a detecting point A;
specific: the ultrasonic transmitting transducer is arranged at a position point P on the left side of the detection point A by taking the detection point A as the center 1-1 The ultrasonic receiving transducer is arranged at a position point P on the right side of the detection point A 1-2 Location point P 1-1 And the arc length between the detection points A is equal to the position point P 1-2 And the arc length between the detection points a;
step 3.2, presetting a maximum threshold of detection time;
step 3.3, ultrasonic transmitting transducer at position point P 1-1 Transmitting ultrasonic wave, wherein the ultrasonic wave propagates in the concrete structure, and determining the position point P of the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer in the maximum threshold of the detection time 1-2 If the first wave signal can be received, recording the first wave signal received by the ultrasonic receiving transducer, and analyzing to obtain the first wave signal waveform; the first wave signal waveform includes two kinds: the head wave presents a downward convex waveform and the head wave presents an upward convex waveform;
step 3.4, then, along the circular measuring line E, taking the detecting point a as the center, reversely moving the step sizes of the ultrasonic transmitting transducer, the ultrasonic receiving transducer and the like to the next position, namely: the ultrasonic transmitting transducer is moved to the position point P 2-1 The ultrasonic receiving transducer is moved to the position point P 2-2 Repeating the wave emission and wave measurement processes of step 3.2;
in this way, each time the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer are moved to the corresponding positions, the wave transmitting and wave measuring process is performed;
by analysis, it is determined that: along with the continuous increase of the distance between the ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the ultrasonic receiving transducer and the detection point A, the ultrasonic transmitting transducer cannot initially receive wave signals; then, when the ultrasonic wave transmitting transducer can receive the wave signal, the wave signal continuously takes the form of a waveform with the first wave protruding upwards, after being converted at one position, the wave signal is converted into the waveform with the first wave protruding downwards, and the converted position point is called as the first wave phase reversal position;
step 3.5, thus, determining the position of the phase reversal of the head wave through steps 3.1-3.4; assuming that the ultrasonic transmitting transducer moves to a position point B, and the ultrasonic receiving transducer moves to a position point D to be a first wave phase inversion position;
step 4, calculating the depth of the longitudinal crack of the cylinder concrete:
step 4.1, representing the tip of the bottom of the crack as a point C; the straight line distance from point C to point A is denoted as L AC ，L AC The depth of the crack to be solved is;
step 4.2, the distance from the position point B to the point C is L BC Is determined by the following method:
the ultrasonic wave transmitting transducer transmits ultrasonic waves at a position point B, and the time T when the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer receives wave signals at a position point D is determined;
specifically, the head wave phase inversion position represents: the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic wave emitting transducer at the position point B passes through the tip at the bottom of the crack, namely the point C, and then diffracts at the position of the point C, and is received by the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer at the position point D, wherein the wave signal is diffracted wave; therefore, the path sum S of wave propagation is: s=distance L from point B to point C BC Distance L from +position point C to position point D CD The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Also, since the position points D and B are symmetrically arranged from the detection point a, therefore,distance L BC ＝L CD ；
Thus, L is obtained by the following formula BC ：
Wherein: v is the ultrasonic wave velocity of the cylindrical concrete determined in the step 2;
step 4.3, measuring the arc length of the detected point A and the position point B, wherein the arc length is expressed as follows: arc length AB; the central angle AOB corresponding to the arc length AB is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: r is the radius of a circular measuring line E;
step 4.4, according to the angle AOB, respectively obtaining the length L of the chord length AB AB Angle BAC:
step 4.5, for triangle ABC, two side lengths are obtained, respectively: l (L) BC And L AB The +.BAC is obtained, therefore, the sine value sin +.ACB of the +.ACB is obtained by using the sine theorem according to the following formula:
step 4.6, determining an angle ACB according to the sine value sin of the angle ACB;
step 4.7, determining the angle ABC according to the following formula:
step 4.8, obtaining the crack depth L through cosine theorem AC ：
Thereby realizing the detection of the longitudinal crack depth of the cylinder concrete.
2. The method for detecting the longitudinal crack depth of cylindrical concrete by utilizing ultrasonic waves according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 is specifically:
drawing a circular measuring line K which is close to the circular measuring line E and does not pass through any crack at the periphery of the cylindrical concrete; the installation point M1 and the installation point M2 are arbitrarily determined along the circular measuring line K, so that the connection line of the installation point M1 and the installation point M2 passes through the diameter of the circular measuring line K;
an ultrasonic transmitting transducer is installed at a mounting point M1, and an ultrasonic receiving transducer is installed at a mounting point M2;
an ultrasonic transmitting transducer transmits ultrasonic waves, and the time t of receiving the ultrasonic waves by an ultrasonic receiving transducer is recorded;
calculating to obtain the wave velocity v of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the cylinder concrete to be tested through the following formula;
wherein: r is the radius of the circular measuring line K;
and (5) measuring for multiple times to obtain multiple wave velocities V, and taking an average value to obtain the final calibrated cylindrical concrete ultrasonic wave velocity V.
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