CN103147464B - Pressure-releasing structure of basement anti-floating plate and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Pressure-releasing structure of basement anti-floating plate and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103147464B CN103147464B CN201310110659.8A CN201310110659A CN103147464B CN 103147464 B CN103147464 B CN 103147464B CN 201310110659 A CN201310110659 A CN 201310110659A CN 103147464 B CN103147464 B CN 103147464B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure-releasing structure of a basement anti-floating plate and a construction method thereof. The pressure-releasing structure comprises a cushion layer and a basement bottom plate on the cushion layer, wherein water-collecting pits are formed in the cushion layer and the basement bottom plate; a layer of hardpan is paved below the cushion layer; filtering layers are paved around the water-collecting pits; flow-guide pipes are paved in the hardpan and are gathered in the filtering layers; flow-leading pipes are arranged on the side walls of the water-collecting pits; and the water-collecting pits are communicated with the filtering layers through the flow-guide pipes. Water generating floatation outside a basement is led into the basement, so that the floatation is reduced. The hardpan is paved below the cushion layer, so that the problem that water outside foundation pits of the basement is gathered is solved, the underground water is collected through a flow-guide pipe arranged in the hardpan, the flow-leading pipes change the underground water into gravity water in the basement, and the problem of the floatation of the underground water is completely solved from the construction starting stage of a building.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to basement structure and the construction method of building field, specifically refer to a kind of pressure relief and construction method thereof of basement anti-floating plate.
Background technology
Reform and opening-up is over 30 years, along with developing rapidly of economy, the acceleration of urban construction, people require more and more higher to the utilization of basement space, basement, air raid shelter's Quantity are more and more, and area is also increasing, therefore in structure design, the anti-floating problem how solving basement has become a frequent problems faced, causes the extensive concern of engineer.Basement Anti-floating design divides three kinds of situations: just stop precipitation after 1 basement construction, even if at this moment the superstructure number of plies is more, but because superstructure is not also constructed, the deadweight of basement descends buoyancy of water irresistibly, this situation reply basement carries out the antifloating computation of construction stage, and adopts relevant measure of anti float; 2 groundwater table are higher, and basement buried depth is comparatively large, the superstructure number of plies is less, and in this case, the deadweight of structure descends buoyancy of water irresistibly, need carry out antifloating computation to overall structure; The deadweight of 3 structures itself can resist underground buoyancy of water, but basement bottom board also needs to carry out Anti-floating design.
Because water buoyancy causes structural entity to float or the engineering accident of basement bottom board local eminence, being analyzed, find that this type of building substrate is the ground (basement rock or clay) of impervious stratum by reconnaissance trip has appearred in many building basements in recent years.Because such ground is impervious stratum, underground circulating water is not had in soil layer, only a small amount of crevice water or perched water may be there is in soil layer, survey in report and naturally do not reflect groundwater table, unfamiliar geological survey units even also is directly pointed out to consider that anti-floating power designs, so therefore architects often can ignore carry out the design of anti-floating power to basement in its report.Field investigation finds, up to basement height, can cause such engineering accident thus because excavation of foundation pit backfill position surface water permeates and collects in the floating water head that basement formed outward.
At present, the method solving problems has two kinds usually: dead-weight balanced method, carrys out neutral buoyancy by increasing backfill, stone or concrete thickness; Drag equilibrium method, arranges anti-float anchor rod or uplift pile, is also anti-floating pile, is the one of construction work underground structure measure of anti float.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pressure relief and construction method thereof of basement anti-floating plate, solve the problem of current building basement anti-floating, in the process of construction of building, just solve the impact of buoyancy on building completely, make buoyancy no longer affect construction and the use of building.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of pressure relief of basement anti-floating plate, comprise the basement bottom board on bed course and bed course, bed course and basement bottom board are provided with sump, one deck sandy gravel stratum is equipped with below bed course, be equipped with filtration beds in sump surrounding, in sandy gravel stratum, be equipped with mozzle, mozzle is pooled in filtration beds, the sidewall of sump is provided with drainage tube, and sump is communicated with filtration beds by drainage tube.Pressure relief of the present invention is compared with the basement floor constructions of traditional architecture, there is identical structure, levelling with bed course on argillic horizon or ground, bed course arranges basement bottom board, sump is set, in traditional architecture, when the clay layer building below runs into sandstone time, usually need to be dug up, then carry out changing filling out with the concrete of C15, and the new pressure relief of this practicality is compared with traditional structure, there is the breakthrough in thinking, adopt the structure of laying sandy gravel stratum between bed course and clay layer, for the technology prejudice that sandstone layer can not be arranged at the bottom of traditional architecture, there is outstanding feature, mozzle is provided with in sandy gravel stratum, the surrounding of sump is provided with filtration beds, mozzle focuses on filtration beds after connecting, filtration beds is as the collection region of underground water, at traditional bed course, waterproofing course, fish tail and waterproof layer, and be embedded with drainage tube in basement bottom board, the effect of drainage tube is incorporated into by the underground water being pooled to filtration beds in the sump in basement, thus water basement external being produced buoyancy is incorporated in basement, thus play the problem reducing suffered buoyancy, the present invention adopts the frame mode laying sandy gravel stratum under bed course, the current solved outside basement foundation ditch collect problem, by the mozzle be arranged in sandy gravel stratum, underground water is concentrated, underground water is become the gravity water in basement by drainage tube, Action of Gravity Field is converted in basement while buoyancy is not produced to building, the buoyancy problem of underground water is just completely solved from the building initial period of building.
Also geotextiles is equipped with under described sandy gravel stratum.Further, in order to improve the filter capacity of sandy gravel stratum, sandy gravel stratum is avoided in use to be mixed into unnecessary impurity, the mode of first laying geotextiles below sandy gravel stratum can be adopted, geotextiles lays sandy gravel stratum, underground water can be filtered out from earth, the clay of argillic horizon is avoided to enter into sandy gravel stratum, contribute to the filter capacity improving sandy gravel stratum, and, in actual application, applicant also finds, adopt the form of structure re-laying sandy gravel stratum after laying geotextiles, external water pressure can be utilized to carry out back flush to mozzle, if do not adopt geotextiles, after carrying out back flush, mozzle can block by the earth fallen after rise, and after adopting geotextiles, the impact force of back flush reduces, and can the mud particles fallen after rise be stopped, be conducive to keeping the unobstructed of mozzle, realize the prolonged and repeated use of mozzle.
Described drainage tube is provided with pressure valve.Further, as a further improvement on the present invention, in order to retentively outdoor down pressure, make height of water level be in a more stable environment, can on drainage tube setting pressure valve, by selecting the pressure valve of different voltage limiting value, the hydraulic pressure outside basement can be made to be in a relatively stable scope, when hydraulic pressure is greater than certain particular value, pressure valve is open-minded, carries out pressure release; When the water level of outdoor, underground falls back to restriction position, pressure drop is to the threshold value of pressure valve, and pressure valve is closed, and makes the pressure outside basement more stable, is conducive to keeping the stable and unified of environment.
Described mozzle is distributed with the hole of multiple diameter 0.5 ~ 2mm.Specifically, as preferred version of the present invention, the surface distributed of mozzle has very many holes, the effect in hole carries out water conservancy diversion to water, to stop that the sand grains of sandy gravel stratum enters simultaneously, sandy gravel stratum adopts the coarse sand of particle diameter 1.5 ~ 4mm continuous grading to make, and when therefore the diameter in hole is arranged on 0.5 ~ 2mm on mozzle, can play good iris action.
Described mozzle is PVC plastic pipe.Further, as present invention further optimization, PVC plastic pipe can be adopted as mozzle, and for metal tube, the corrosion-resistant degree of plastic pipe is far away higher than metal, and its processing technology is simpler, current PVC plastic pipe has higher intensity and toughness equally, is suitable for building trade and uses, but in current building, there is no pressure relief of the present invention, more do not utilize PVC plastic pipe as the literature record of mozzle.
The laying density of described mozzle is 0.6 ~ 1.2 meter/square metre.Further, inventor is through testing repeatedly, calculate, the laying density of mozzle has certain requirement, when the duct length of every square meter is lower than 0.6 meter, flow conductivity obviously declines, when bust heavy rain, water accumulation level amount of increase outside basement is obvious, and the speed that rises is very fast, in time increasing mozzle density, the growth rate of water level reduces, the laying density of mozzle is comparatively suitable within the scope of 0.6 ~ 1.2 meter/square metre, when its laying density is greater than 1.2 meters time, water level outside basement does not obviously become words when bust heavy rain, namely continue increase mozzle its do not reach the state of operating at full capacity, therefore waste is belonged to, in order to cost-saving, mozzle laying density of the present invention should control at 0.6 ~ 1.2 meter/square metre.
The distribution density of described sump is 600 ~ 700 square metres/.Further, in current building, in the design of particularly basement, the indoor sump quantity of basement is mainly correlated with the fire-fighting water yield, and never the distribution density of people to sump had research, through repetition test and the modeling calculation of inventor, find that the distribution density of sump can have influence on flow direction and the speed of the outer floating water of basement, find through test, when the distribution density of sump is in 600 ~ 700 square metres/, more suitable, when the distribution density of sump reduces, time its value is greater than 700 square metres of/, the flowing through channel of outdoor water lengthens, and speed is in quickening, can cause the gravel of sandy gravel stratum, under the mobilization of water, disturbance occurs, form eddy current, and, mozzle is in full load condition substantially, the pipe network that long-term oepration at full load forms for mozzle is unfavorable, be not easy to reverse cleaning, therefore, need the distribution density improving sump, when the distribution density of sump increases, time its value is less than 600 square metres of/, the rate of load condensate of network of underground drops to 60%, continue the words improved, rate of load condensate continues to decline sharp, form waste, therefore, inventor sums up and show that the distribution density of sump is comparatively suitable in 600 ~ 700 square metres/, mozzle pipe network rate of load condensate is now 70% ~ 80%, be in comparatively ideal duty, and greatly reduce cost, improve cost performance, simultaneously, distribution density so also can meet the requirement of water for fire fighting.
A construction method for basement anti-floating plate pressure relief, comprises the following steps:
(A) foundation ditch excavates: foundation ditch excavates 5 ~ 10cm to sandy gravel stratum absolute altitude;
(B) geotextiles is laid;
(C) adopt the coarse sand of particle diameter 1-4mm to be laid to sandy gravel stratum, and lay mozzle in sandy gravel stratum;
(D) installation frame outside sump, installs drainage tube in framework, the port of drainage tube extend to framework to, in framework, load particle diameter 15 ~ 25mm gravel or rubble form filtration beds;
(E) cushion construction, and construction of waterproof layer is carried out on bed course;
(F) assembling reinforcement on waterproofing course, basement bottom board is built.
The construction method of structure of the present invention, in construction method relative to traditional architecture foundation ditch, maximum difference is exactly after foundation ditch excavates, add step (C) and step (D), the effect of step (C) forms guide layer at basement external, pipe network is connected to form by mozzle, under the filtration of sandy gravel stratum, water in foundation ditch can enter into filtration beds through mozzle from different directions, enter in foundation ditch under the importing effect of drainage tube, so, discharging from sump uniformly and stably of underground water can be realized, thoroughly solve the impact of basement external water on building, be specially adapted to fluid-tight argillic horizon, or Rock Region.
In described step (C), mozzle extend to the outer 2 ~ 3m of bed course, the part of extension is as in sandy gravel stratum, and the thickness of sandy gravel stratum is 0.5 ~ 0.8m herein.Further, as further optimization of the present invention and improvement, in order to ensure that the ponding outside basement can both import in sump in time, the prolongation of mozzle is set outside basement foundation ditch, when foundation ditch excavates, width bottom foundation ditch should be greater than border more than the 3m of foundation ditch, 2 ~ 3m place outside basement bottom board all spreads geotextiles, geotextiles establishes sandy gravel stratum, the thickness of sandy gravel stratum should be greater than the sandy gravel stratum thickness below basement bottom board herein, mozzle extends in the sandy gravel stratum outside basement bottom board, the geotextiles of sandy gravel stratum herein covers parcel, so, the sandy gravel stratum thickeied can filter the ponding in the backfill outside basement wall and rainwater, then enter into below basement bottom board by mozzle, solve the ponding problem outside basement wall.
In described step (C), on mozzle, the area in hole and the surface area ratio of mozzle are 0.05 ~ 0.1:1.Further, for the ease of the processing of hole on tubing, obtain good flow conductivity simultaneously, can adjust the ratio between the area of perforate on mozzle and mozzle surface area, as good selection, the value of this ratio should in the scope of 0.05 ~ 0.1:1, after ratio increases, can improve the difficulty of processing, and after reducing its ratio, the effect of water conservancy diversion can be subject to obvious limitation again.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following advantage and beneficial effect:
The pressure relief of a kind of basement anti-floating of 1 the present invention plate, mozzle is provided with in sandy gravel stratum, the surrounding of sump is provided with filtration beds, mozzle focuses on filtration beds after connecting, filtration beds is as the collection region of underground water, at traditional bed course, waterproofing course, fish tail and waterproof layer, and be embedded with drainage tube in basement bottom board, the effect of drainage tube is incorporated into by the underground water being pooled to filtration beds in the sump in basement, thus water basement external being produced buoyancy is incorporated in basement, thus play the problem reducing suffered buoyancy, the present invention adopts the frame mode laying sandy gravel stratum under bed course, the current solved outside basement foundation ditch collect problem, by the mozzle be arranged in sandy gravel stratum, underground water is concentrated, underground water is become the gravity water in basement by drainage tube, Action of Gravity Field is converted in basement while buoyancy is not produced to building, the buoyancy problem of underground water is just completely solved from the building initial period of building,
The pressure relief of a kind of basement anti-floating of 2 the present invention plate, when the duct length of every square meter is lower than 0.6 meter, flow conductivity obviously declines, when bust heavy rain, water accumulation level amount of increase outside basement is obvious, and the speed that rises is very fast, in time increasing mozzle density, the growth rate of water level reduces, the laying density of mozzle is comparatively suitable within the scope of 0.6 ~ 1.2 meter/square metre, when its laying density is greater than 1.2 meters time, water level outside basement does not obviously become words when bust heavy rain, namely continue increase mozzle its do not reach the state of operating at full capacity, therefore waste is belonged to, in order to cost-saving, mozzle laying density of the present invention should control at 0.6 ~ 1.2 meter/square metre,
The pressure relief of a kind of basement anti-floating of 3 the present invention plate, when the distribution density of sump reduces, time its value is greater than 700 square metres of/, the flowing through channel of outdoor water lengthens, and speed is in quickening, can cause the gravel of sandy gravel stratum, under the mobilization of water, disturbance occurs, form eddy current, and, mozzle is in full load condition substantially, the pipe network that long-term oepration at full load forms for mozzle is unfavorable, be not easy to reverse cleaning, therefore, need the distribution density improving sump, when the distribution density of sump increases, time its value is less than 600 square metres of/, the rate of load condensate of network of underground drops to 60%, continue the words improved, rate of load condensate continues to decline sharp, form waste, therefore, inventor sums up and show that the distribution density of sump is comparatively suitable in 600 ~ 700 square metres/, mozzle pipe network rate of load condensate is now 70% ~ 80%, be in comparatively ideal duty, and greatly reduce cost, improve cost performance,
The construction method of a kind of basement anti-floating of 4 the present invention plate pressure relief, in construction method relative to traditional architecture foundation ditch, maximum difference is exactly after foundation ditch excavates, add step (C) and step (D), the effect of step (C) forms guide layer at basement external, pipe network is connected to form by mozzle, under the filtration of sandy gravel stratum, water in foundation ditch can enter into filtration beds through mozzle from different directions, enter in foundation ditch under the importing effect of drainage tube, so, discharging from sump uniformly and stably of underground water can be realized, thoroughly solve the impact of basement external water on building, be specially adapted to fluid-tight argillic horizon, or Rock Region,
The construction method of a kind of basement anti-floating of 5 the present invention plate pressure relief, in order to ensure that the ponding outside basement can both import in sump in time, the prolongation of mozzle is set outside basement foundation ditch, when foundation ditch excavates, width bottom foundation ditch should be greater than border more than the 3m of foundation ditch, 2 ~ 3m place outside basement bottom board all spreads geotextiles, geotextiles establishes sandy gravel stratum, the thickness of sandy gravel stratum should be greater than the sandy gravel stratum thickness below basement bottom board herein, mozzle extends in the sandy gravel stratum outside basement bottom board, the geotextiles of sandy gravel stratum herein covers parcel, so, the sandy gravel stratum thickeied can filter the ponding in the backfill outside basement wall and rainwater, then enter into below basement bottom board by mozzle, solve the ponding problem outside basement wall.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is basement polycrystalline substance of the present invention intention.
Mark and corresponding component title in accompanying drawing:
1-bed course, 2-basement bottom board, 3-sump, 4-sandy gravel stratum, 5-filtration beds, 6-mozzle, 7-drainage tube, 8-geotextiles, 9-pressure valve, 10-clay layer.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the pressure relief of a kind of basement of the present invention anti-floating plate adopts following construction method to produce, and comprises the following steps:
(A) foundation ditch excavates: excavate foundation ditch according to design drawing, require the distance having more than 3m between the surrounding of Base isolation system and foundation pit side-wall, require if any connecting the loose structure such as sandstone, then to need to change and fill out process, the height of argillic horizon 10 should below sandy gravel stratum 4 absolute altitude 5 ~ 10cm;
(B) geotextiles 8 is laid; Geotextiles 8 selects the model that width is larger as far as possible, and lap-joint has the overlapped part of 15cm at least, requires smooth, fits with foundation ditch as far as possible;
(C) the continuous grading coarse sand of particle diameter 1-4mm is adopted to be laid to sandy gravel stratum 4, the thickness of sandy gravel stratum 4 is 10 ~ 15cm, mozzle 6 is laid in sandy gravel stratum 4, mozzle 6 adopts PVC hot-pressing plastic pipe, its diameter 30 ~ 50mm, PVC hot-pressing plastic pipe is processed with numerous holes, and the diameter in hole is 1.2mm, and the area in hole and the surface area ratio of PVC hot-pressing plastic pipe are 0.07:1;
(D) installation frame outside sump 3, drainage tube 7 is installed in framework, the port of drainage tube 7 extend to framework to, in framework, load particle diameter 15 ~ 25mm gravel or rubble form filtration beds 5, the density of sump 3 is 650 square metres/, the i.e. basement bottom board area of an every 650 square metres just preparation sump 3, the drainage tube 7 in sump 3 is provided with pressure valve 9, and the closing pressure of pressure valve 9 can be selected according to the environment of reality;
(E) bed course 1 is constructed, and bed course 1 carries out the construction of waterproofing course, fish tail and waterproof layer;
(F) assembling reinforcement on fish tail and waterproof layer, basement bottom board 2 is built; after basement bottom board is built; stripping; fill the thickening position forming sandy gravel stratum 4 with coarse sand in the outside of basement bottom board; the width thickening position is 2.3m; thickness is 0.6m, and the those widened sections of sandy gravel stratum 4 and the contact site of argillic horizon 10 all cover by geotextiles 8 and wrap up.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not does any pro forma restriction to the present invention, every according in technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modification, equivalent variations that above embodiment is done, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a construction method for basement anti-floating plate pressure relief, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(A) foundation ditch excavates: foundation ditch excavates 5 ~ 10cm to sandy gravel stratum (4) absolute altitude;
(B) geotextiles (8) is laid;
(C) adopt the coarse sand of particle diameter 1-4mm to be laid to sandy gravel stratum (4), and lay mozzle (6) in sandy gravel stratum (4);
(D) installation frame outside sump, installs drainage tube (7) in framework, and the port of drainage tube (7) extends to outside framework, and in framework, load particle diameter 15 ~ 25mm gravel or rubble form filtration beds (5);
(E) bed course (1) construction, and construction of waterproof layer is carried out on bed course (1);
(F) assembling reinforcement above waterproofing course, basement bottom board (2) is built.
2. the construction method of a kind of basement anti-floating plate pressure relief according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (C), mozzle (6) extend to bed course (1) 2 ~ 3m outward, the part extended is as in sandy gravel stratum (4), and the thickness of sandy gravel stratum (4) is 0.5 ~ 0.8m herein.
3. the construction method of a kind of basement anti-floating plate pressure relief according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (C), the upper area in hole of mozzle (6) and the surface area ratio of mozzle (6) are 0.05 ~ 0.1:1.
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| CN201310110659.8A CN103147464B (en) | 2013-04-01 | 2013-04-01 | Pressure-releasing structure of basement anti-floating plate and construction method thereof |
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| CN106836313A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-06-13 | 杭州博牛建筑设计咨询有限公司 | A kind of basement water buoyancy pressure release automatic safety device |
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| CN103147464A (en) | 2013-06-12 |
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