A kind of banana storage fresh-keeping method
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fruit freshness keeping, be specifically related to a kind of banana storage fresh-keeping method.
Background technology
Banana is one of the torrid zone, subtropical zone name fruit, and its output is high, and the sweet cunning of pulp is aromatic, contain abundant nutriment, and is very popular, is to be the fresh fruit of year-round provision on the domestic and international market.China Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Fujian etc. all have the ground banana plantings such as production, particularly Hainan, Taiwan, Guangdong to become a multi-form agriculture economy.Fresh banana has scavenging action to active oxygen radical, often eat banana and to strengthen the human plasma oxidation resistance, play angiocardiopathy preventing and the positive role that delays senility, also have certain medical value, as heat-clearing, ease constipation, detoxify, control pyreticosis, constipation etc.
But banana is a kind of typical climacteric type fruit, can discharge ethene in adopting the after ripening process, respiratory climacteric occurs, makes the fruit interior tissue that the physiological change of a series of maturations and aging occur.Its shelf life generally only has 2~3 days, if can not in time sell or eat, banana can very fast blackening, rot, be embodied in the long blackspot of pericarp, blackening, produce the generation of volatile flavor substance and various physiological diseases, seriously affected the storage fresh-keeping of banana and sold the shelf time, reduced widely commodity value, cause huge economic loss for orchard workers, also reduced the competitiveness in market simultaneously.The fresh-keeping of the rear banana of gathering seemed particularly important.In prior art, to after adopting banana be generally to process with chemical preservative, its fresh-keeping effect is more obvious, but has chemical substance residual and the resistance to the action of a drug and environmental issue, being unfavorable for its health after the consumer is edible, is 201110280537.4 Chinese invention patent as application number; Along with the pursuit of people to the pursuit health environment-friendly, novel banana fresh-keeping technology had also appearred in recent years, be that 2006101122702.2 Chinese invention patent discloses a kind of banana fresh-keeping method as application number, adopt hot-water soak to process banana, then be placed in the environment of 13~25 ℃ and preserve.This kind method is simple, do not add any chemical substance, health environment-friendly, but it adopts the hot-water soak banana, can stimulate the respiration, destruction nutrition, the bactericidal effect that accelerate banana not obvious, cause the brown stain of pericarp, this kind method fresh-keeping effect is undesirable, fresh keeping time is short, particularly is unfavorable for exporting the long-distance storing of exportation abroad banana.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of good refreshing effect, fresh keeping time length, health environment-friendly, is applicable to the banana fresh-keeping technology of long-distance storing.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of banana storage fresh-keeping method comprises the following steps:
(1) processing of gathering: with maturity be 70~85% banana have no mechanical damage gather after, its comb that in time falls is cleaned, remove any of several broadleaf plants breast, dirt and residual flower, removed disease, the irregular banana of comb shape, the pond of then putting into concentration and be the chlorine dioxide of 5~10mg/kg is carried out sterilization and is cleaned;
(2) anti-corrosive fresh-keeping is processed: it is after 0.2~0.5% extracts of Chinese herbal medicine soaks 3~8min, to pull out that the banana after cleaning is drained is put into concentration, dries;
(3) code, packing: the banana after drying in step (2) is made inner packing, then pack into packing case or packing box, code with the film that is added with ethylene absorbent and carbon dioxide removal agent;
(4) precooling, storage: precooling was carried out 24 hours in the low temperature storehouse of packaged banana being sent into 12~15 ℃, and the banana internal and external temperature is reached can transportation and sale after consistent or move on to the fresh-keeping warehouse storage.
In such scheme, preferably, described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is comprised of the material of following weight portion:
80~120 parts of rheum officinales, 50~90 parts of cloves, 80~100 parts of galangals, 60~80 parts of cape jasmines, 45~80 parts of the tubers of stemona;
The preparation method of described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is: rheum officinale, cloves, galangal, cape jasmine, the tuber of stemona are taken by weight, evenly mix to be placed on and soak 1~3h in clear water, add the water of 3~8 times of its weight to boil 35min in Chinese herbal medicine again, leach juice, filter after the water that separately adds identical weight boils 20min again, before and after merging, twice juice namely makes described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine.
Preferably, described ethylene absorbent can be activated earth.
Preferably, described carbon dioxide removal agent can be calcium hydroxide.
Fresh-keeping mechanism of the present invention is:
The present invention cleans the banana after plucking with the solution of the chlorine dioxide that contains strong oxidizer, and it has high quick sterilization ability, and drug effect is long, can chlorination not produce carcinogen, is a kind of green disinfectant; It can also suppress the generation of banana endogenous ethylene, postpones the time of climacteric peak appearance, and respiratory intensity is obviously reduced, simultaneously, can reduce pulp MDA content and pericarp membrane permeability of the membrane, alleviate the pericarp browning degree, keep preferably the storage quality of banana.The present invention is during to the anti-corrosive fresh-keeping of banana, adopt the extracts of Chinese herbal medicine immersion treatment, the active ingredient of the rheum officinale that contains in this Chinese herbal medicine, cloves, galangal, cape jasmine, the tuber of stemona can suppress the microbial activities on banana surface, reduce enzyme activity in banana, reduce the physiological activity intensity of banana, and form on banana surface that a layer thickness is suitable, moisture loss that film that have suitable gas permeability prevents banana inside is too fast, reduce the degree of moisture evaporation, control the speed that oxygen infiltrates through banana inside, the period of storage that effectively extends banana.The present invention also after sterilization and anticorrosion is processed, carries out precooling under the best reserve temperature of banana, can reduce on the one hand the respiratory intensity of banana itself, is conducive to preservation and freshness, reduces loss, uniform coloring when also helping after-ripening on the other hand.
The present invention compared with prior art has environmental protection, without chemical residual, good refreshing effect, but long advantage of preservation and freshness time is applicable to export the long-distance storing of exportation abroad banana.
The specific embodiment
Now in conjunction with specific embodiments the present invention is further explained explanation, but does not limit the one's duty invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of banana storage fresh-keeping method is: with maturity be 70% Pubei Brazil any of several broadleaf plants have no mechanical damage gather after, its comb that in time falls is cleaned, remove any of several broadleaf plants breast, dirt and residual flower, removed disease, the irregular banana of comb shape, the pond of then putting into concentration and be the chlorine dioxide of 8mg/kg is carried out sterilization and is cleaned.Adopt the low pressure recycle spray to clean in the present embodiment, and wash number is 2 times; Then it is that 0.5% extracts of Chinese herbal medicine soaks 3~8min that the banana after cleaning being drained is put into concentration, pulls out, dries; And the banana after drying makes inner packing with the film that is added with activated earth and calcium hydroxide, reinstalls packing case or packing box, code; At last packaged banana is sent into the low temperature storehouse of 13 ℃ and carried out precooling 24 hours, the banana internal and external temperature is reached can transportation and sale after consistent or move on to the fresh-keeping warehouse storage.
Described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is comprised of the material of following weight portion:
100 parts of rheum officinales, 80 parts of cloves, 85 parts of galangals, 70 parts of cape jasmines, 68 parts of the tubers of stemona;
The preparation method of described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is: rheum officinale, cloves, galangal, cape jasmine, the tuber of stemona are taken by weight, evenly mix to be placed on and soak 1~3h in clear water, add the water of 3~8 times of its weight to boil 35min in Chinese herbal medicine again, leach juice, filter after the water that separately adds identical weight boils 20min again, before and after merging, twice juice namely makes described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine.
Adopt above-mentioned preservation method, banana is preserved under the condition of 15 ℃ or is stored and transported, after 8 weeks, and normally after-ripening of fruit, rotting rate is below 4%.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of banana storage fresh-keeping method is: with maturity be 70% Pubei Williams banana have no mechanical damage gather after, its comb that in time falls is cleaned, remove any of several broadleaf plants breast, dirt and residual flower, removed disease, the irregular banana of comb shape, the pond of then putting into concentration and be the chlorine dioxide of 8mg/kg is carried out sterilization and is cleaned.Adopt the low pressure recycle spray to clean in the present embodiment, and wash number is 2 times; Then it is that 0.5% extracts of Chinese herbal medicine soaks 5min that the banana after cleaning being drained is put into concentration, pulls out, dries; And the banana after drying makes inner packing with the film that is added with activated earth and calcium hydroxide, reinstalls packing case or packing box, code; At last packaged banana is sent into the low temperature storehouse of 13 ℃ and carried out precooling 24 hours, the banana internal and external temperature is reached can transportation and sale after consistent or move on to the fresh-keeping warehouse storage.
Described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is comprised of the material of following weight portion:
100 parts of rheum officinales, 80 parts of cloves, 85 parts of galangals, 70 parts of cape jasmines, 68 parts of the tubers of stemona;
The preparation method of described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is: rheum officinale, cloves, galangal, cape jasmine, the tuber of stemona are taken by weight, evenly mix to be placed on and soak 1~3h in clear water, add the water of 5 times of its weight to boil 35min in Chinese herbal medicine again, leach juice, filter after the water that separately adds identical weight boils 20min again, before and after merging, twice juice namely makes described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine.
Adopt above-mentioned preservation method, banana is preserved under the condition of 15 ℃ or is stored and transported, after 7 weeks, and normally after-ripening of fruit, rotting rate is below 5%.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of banana storage fresh-keeping method is: with maturity be No. 8, Taiwan banana that 70% Pubei produces have no mechanical damage gather after, its comb that in time falls is cleaned, remove any of several broadleaf plants breast, dirt and residual flower, removed disease, the irregular banana of comb shape, the pond of then putting into concentration and be the chlorine dioxide of 8mg/kg is carried out sterilization and is cleaned.Adopt the low pressure recycle spray to clean in the present embodiment, and wash number is 2 times; Then it is that 0.5% extracts of Chinese herbal medicine soaks 5min that the banana after cleaning being drained is put into concentration, pulls out, dries; And the banana after drying makes inner packing with the film that is added with activated earth and calcium hydroxide, reinstalls packing case or packing box, code; At last packaged banana is sent into the low temperature storehouse of 13 ℃ and carried out precooling 24 hours, the banana internal and external temperature is reached can transportation and sale after consistent or move on to the fresh-keeping warehouse storage.
Described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is comprised of the material of following weight portion:
100 parts of rheum officinales, 80 parts of cloves, 85 parts of galangals, 70 parts of cape jasmines, 68 parts of the tubers of stemona;
The preparation method of described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is: rheum officinale, cloves, galangal, cape jasmine, the tuber of stemona are taken by weight, evenly mix to be placed on and soak 1~3h in clear water, add the water of 5 times of its weight to boil 35min in Chinese herbal medicine again, leach juice, filter after the water that separately adds identical weight boils 20min again, before and after merging, twice juice namely makes described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine.
Adopt above-mentioned preservation method, banana is preserved under the condition of 15 ℃ or is stored and transported, after 8 weeks, and normally after-ripening of fruit, rotting rate is below 3%.