CN103135275A - 液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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CN103135275A
CN103135275A CN2012105049284A CN201210504928A CN103135275A CN 103135275 A CN103135275 A CN 103135275A CN 2012105049284 A CN2012105049284 A CN 2012105049284A CN 201210504928 A CN201210504928 A CN 201210504928A CN 103135275 A CN103135275 A CN 103135275A
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liquid crystal
substrate
crystal indicator
chirality agent
crystal layer
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谢志勇
陈建宏
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Innocom Technology Shenzhen Co Ltd
Innolux Shenzhen Co Ltd
Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corp
Innolux Corp
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Innolux Shenzhen Co Ltd
Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corp
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    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
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    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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Abstract

本发明提供一种液晶显示装置。上述液晶显示装置包括一第一基板，其具有至少一像素单元，上述像素单元具有一像素电极；一第二基板，其具有一对向电极；一第一偏光片，设置于上述第一基板下方；一第二偏光片，设置于上述第二基板上方，且其偏光轴与上述第一偏光片的偏光轴互为垂直；一掺入手性剂的液晶层，设置于上述第一基板与上述第二基板之间，其中掺入手性剂的上述液晶层具有负色散特性。

Description

液晶显示装置
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种液晶显示装置，特别是有关于一种具高穿透率特性的液晶显示装置。
背景技术
液晶显示装置是利用液晶分子在不同排列状态下，对于光线具有不同的偏振或折射效果的特性来控制光线的穿透量，进而使液晶显示装置得以产生影像。传统扭转向列型（Twisted Nematic，TN）液晶显示装置，具有非常好的穿透特性，但受到液晶分子结构与光学特性的影响，相对其视角非常狭窄。因此如何让显示器同时兼具广视角与高的光利用率，将对面板显示技术造成新的突破。
为了解决此问题，近来业者已开发出垂直配向型(Vertical Alignment，VA)的广视角液晶显示装置，例如：图形垂直配向型(Patterned Vertical Alignment，PVA)液晶显示装置、多区域垂直配向型(Multi-domain Vertical Alignment，MVA)液晶显示装置等；其中PVA型是利用边缘场效应及补偿板达到广视角的目的。至于MVA型则是将一个像素分隔成多个区域，并使用突起物或铟锡氧化物透明导电膜(ITO)的特定图形结构，使位于不同区域的液晶分子能够朝不同方向倾倒，因此可以同时达到广视角与提升穿透率的作用。
有鉴于此，需要一种液晶显示装置，其具有高穿透率特性的且同时改善上述缺点。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明一实施例提供一种液晶显示装置，上述液晶显示装置包括一第一基板，其具有至少一像素单元，上述像素单元具有一像素电极；一第二基板，其具有一对向电极；一第一偏光片，设置于上述第一基板下方；一第二偏光片，设置于上述第二基板上方，且其偏光轴与上述第一偏光片的偏光轴互为垂直；一掺入手性剂的液晶层，设置于上述第一基板与上述第二基板之间，其中掺入手性剂的上述液晶层具有负色散特性。
附图说明
为让本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明，其中：
图1为本发明一实施例的的液晶显示装置的剖面图。
图2为本发明一实施例的液晶显示装置的电极的上视图。
图3a为无施加电场时，本发明一实施例的的液晶显示装置的液晶分子排列的侧视图。
图3b为施加电场下，本发明一实施例的的液晶显示装置的液晶分子排列的侧视图。
图4a显示使用未添加手性剂的液晶制成的液晶显示装置的显示区域穿透率示意图。
图4b显示使用添加手性剂的液晶制成的液晶显示装置的显示区域穿透率示意图。
图5a至5c分别显示本发明一实施例的包括掺入手性剂的液晶层的液晶显示装置在入射光分别为红光(波长范围约为450±30nm)、绿光(波长范围约为550±30nm)和蓝光(波长范围约为650±30nm)时，其显示区域的液晶分子扭转量(d/p)和光程差(Δnd)参数变化所对应的穿透率分布。
主要元件符号说明：
202~掺入手性剂的液晶层；
203~液晶分子；
204、212~基底；
206~对向电极；
208~第二基板；
210~第二偏光片；
214~第一基板；
216~像素电极；
218~第一偏光片；
222~第一补偿膜；
224~第二补偿膜；
500~液晶显示装置。
具体实施方式
以下以各实施例详细说明并伴随着附图说明的范例，作为本发明的参考依据。在附图或说明书描述中，相似或相同的部分皆使用相同的图号。且在附图中，实施例的形状或是厚度可扩大，并以简化或是方便标示。再者，附图中各元件的部分将以分别描述说明之，值得注意的是，图中未绘示或描述的元件，为所属技术领域中普通技术人员所知的形式。
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有广视角(wide-viewing-angle)和高穿透率(high-transmittance)特性的液晶(LC)显示装置。上述液晶显示装置系使用掺入手性剂(chiral)的液晶材料做为液晶显示装置的液晶层。
图1为本发明一实施例的液晶显示装置500的剖面图。本发明一实施例的液晶显示装置500可为垂直配向(VA)型液晶显示装置。如图1所示，液晶显示装置500包括相对设置且大体上互相平行的一第一基板214和一第二基板208。在本发明一实施例中，第一基板214可视为一薄膜晶体管基板，其包含一基底212、至少一像素单元。像素单元具有一像素电极216以及一薄膜晶体管(图未显示)，设置在基底212上。在本发明一实施例中，基底212例如是玻璃基板。另外，各像素单元之间可设有黑色矩阵(图未显示)。
第二基板208可视为一彩色滤光片基板，其具有一基底204、一对向电极206及彩色滤光片(图未显示)，另外，各彩色滤光片之间可设有黑色矩阵(图未显示)。
液晶显示装置500还包括一第一偏光板218以及一第二偏光板210，第一偏光板218设置于第一基板214下方，第二偏光板210设置于第二基板208上方。在本发明一实施例中，第一偏光板218及第二偏光板210的偏光轴互相垂直。在本发明一实施例中，液晶显示装置500还包括一第一补偿膜222，位于第一基板214和第一偏光板218之间，以及一第二补偿膜224，位于第二基板208和第二偏光板210之间。
如图1所示，液晶显示装置500的液晶层202设置于第一基板214与第二基板208之间。在本发明一实施例中，液晶层202所使用的液晶分子为向列型液晶材料，其可为负型向列型液晶，亦可为正型向列型液晶。且液晶层202系添加有旋光性物质，例如添加手性剂(chiral)，因此液晶层202的液晶分子会沿一轴向扭转因而具有旋光性，此轴向系平行于第一基板214的法线。
图2为本发明一实施例的液晶显示装置200的电极图样的上视图。图2显示位于第一基板214(薄膜晶体管基板)侧的像素电极216以及位于第二基板208(彩色滤光片基板)侧的对向电极206的最小单位图样。
图3a为第一基板214和第二基板208之间无施加电场时，液晶显示装置500的液晶层202的液晶分子203排列的侧视图，其中第一偏光板218和第二偏光板210中的箭头方向系分别为两者的偏光轴方向。图3b为第一基板214和第二基板208之间施加电场时，液晶显示装置500的液晶层202的液晶分子203排列的侧视图。如图3b所示，液晶分子203系从第一基板214至第二基板208逐渐扭转，而且逐渐倾倒至水平后又逐渐站立。随施加电场值提升，液晶分子完全倾倒呈水平排列的范围也随之扩大，其中液晶分子扭转角度可借由调整手性剂浓度来决定。若以d表示液晶层厚度，并以p表示手性剂节距，则液晶分子扭转量可以d/p比值来表示。
请参考图4a和图4b，图4a显示使用未添加手性剂的液晶制成的液晶显示装置的显示区域穿透率示意图，而图4b系显示使用添加手性剂的液晶制成的液晶显示装置的显示区域穿透率示意图，上述图4a和4b显示的液晶显示装置的电极图样与图2相同。如图4a和4b所示，由于添加手性剂的液晶分子本身的扭转，会使显示区域中因液晶分子未倾倒或倾倒角度错误而产生的光学暗纹变细变淡，达到高穿透率的目的。
液晶显示装置对于不同波长的入射光会具有不同的穿透率分布。图5a至5c分别显示本发明一实施例的包括掺入手性剂的液晶层的液晶显示装置500在入射光分别为红光(波长范围约为450±30nm)、绿光(波长范围约为550±30nm)和蓝光(波长范围约为650±30nm)时，其显示区域的液晶分子扭转量(d/p)和光程差(Δnd)参数变化所对应的穿透率分布，其中液晶显示装置的施加电压约为7V，液晶显示装置的视角等于0度，Δn表示掺入手性剂的液晶层的双折射系数(亦即快轴及慢轴之间的折射率差)，d为掺入手性剂的液晶层厚度，入射光光波长为λ。在本实施例中，液晶显示装置500的入射光光波长操作范围介于380nm至780nm之间。并且，已知液晶显示装置的掺入手性剂的液晶层对红光、绿光和蓝光的双折射系数Δn设计值分别为0.125、0.115和0.105，且已知液晶显示装置的掺入手性剂的液晶层的厚度设计值约为4μm。因此，已知液晶显示装置在入射光分别为红光(波长范围约为450±30nm)、绿光(波长范围约为550±30nm)和蓝光(波长范围约为650±30nm)时，其显示区域的液晶分子扭转量(d/p)设计值和光程差(Δnd)设计值所对应的穿透率系标示为图5a至5c中的三角形点。在本发明一实施例中，液晶显示装置的液晶分子扭转量(d/p)理想值系介于0.2和0.3之间。在本实施例中，液晶显示装置的液晶分子扭转量(d/p)理想值约为0.25。注意已知液晶显示装置在入射光为红光、绿光和蓝光时所对应的穿透率(图5a至5c中的三角形点)无法同时达到高穿透率(0.37-0.40)的目标。
为了提升液晶显示装置对于不同波长的入射光所对应的穿透率，本发明一实施例的使用掺入手性剂的液晶层的液晶显示装置500可设计为具有负色散特性(negative dispersion characteristics)。负色散特性(negative dispersioncharacteristics)的定义为掺入手性剂的液晶层的折射系数(refractive index(n))对入射光波长(λ)的一次微分结果大于零(意即)。因此，当入射光波长增加时，掺入手性剂的液晶层的折射系数(n)或快轴及慢轴之间的折射率差Δn也会增加。图5a至5c的圆形点显示液晶显示装置500，其使用掺入手性剂的具负色散特性的液晶层，在入射光分别为红光(波长范围约为450±30nm)、绿光(波长范围约为550±30nm)和蓝光(波长范围约为650±30nm)时，其显示区域在光程差(Δnd)设计值(对红光为0.59、对绿光为0.49，对蓝光为0.38)和液晶分子扭转量(d/p)理想值所对应的穿透率。在本发明一实施例中，液晶显示装置的液晶分子扭转量(d/p)理想值系介于0.2和0.3之间。在本实施例中，液晶显示装置的液晶分子扭转量(d/p)理想值约为0.25。注意液晶显示装置500，其使用掺入手性剂的具负色散特性的液晶层，在入射光为红光、绿光和蓝光时所对应的穿透率能够同时达到高穿透率(0.37-0.40)的目标。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作些许的修改和完善，因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (6)

1.一种液晶显示装置，包括：
一第一基板，其具有至少一像素单元，该像素单元具有一像素电极；
一第二基板，其具有一对向电极；
一第一偏光片，设置于该第一基板下方；
一第二偏光片，设置于该第二基板上方，且其偏光轴与该第一偏光片的偏光轴互为垂直；以及
一掺入手性剂的液晶层，设置于该第一基板与该第二基板之间，其中掺入手性剂的该液晶层具有负色散特性。
2.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，入射光光波长的范围介于380nm至780nm之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，掺入手性剂的该液晶层的液晶分子扭转量d/p介于0.2和0.3之间，其中d为掺入手性剂的该液晶层的厚度，p为掺入手性剂的节距。
4.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，掺入手性剂的该液晶层对入射光光波长的折射系数的一次微分结果大于零。
5.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，该第一基板为一薄膜晶体管基板，且该第二基板为一彩色滤光片基板。
6.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，掺入手性剂的该液晶层的材料为向列型液晶材料。
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