CN103122080A - 一种合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103122080A
CN103122080A CN2013100452574A CN201310045257A CN103122080A CN 103122080 A CN103122080 A CN 103122080A CN 2013100452574 A CN2013100452574 A CN 2013100452574A CN 201310045257 A CN201310045257 A CN 201310045257A CN 103122080 A CN103122080 A CN 103122080A
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starch
degradable
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fiber
polyvinyl alcohol
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李盘欣
郭斌
唐皞
姜海天
黄亚男
史咏华
彭丽
王培英
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HENAN NANJIECUN GROUP CO Ltd
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259—Angular velocity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的制备方法。主要选择聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维这种可降解的合成纤维，与可降解的增塑剂结合，通过双螺杆挤出机的塑化过程，制备聚乙烯醇纤维增强的全降解淀粉塑料，具有添加量少，力学性能提高明显，全降解，制备工艺简单等优点。可广泛用于制备各种全降解淀粉塑料制品，如塑料包装制品，一次性快餐盒及农用地膜等领域。

Description

一种合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制备纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的方法，属生物降解塑料领域。
背景技术
淀粉塑料也称淀粉基塑料，泛指其组成含有淀粉或其衍生物的塑料。淀粉塑料主要分四大类：（1）填充型，淀粉添加量在10-30%；（2）光/生物双降解型，在前者的基础上，加入光敏剂以加快塑料的分解；（3）共混型，由淀粉和合成树脂或其它天然高分子共混而成，淀粉含量在30-60%；（4）全淀粉型，淀粉含量在90%以上，一般是通过增塑剂的加入或其它方法，使淀粉分子链无序化, 从而成为热塑性淀粉塑料（Thermoplastic Starch，简称 TPS）。国标GB/T 21661—2008指出：淀粉含量在15%以上即可称为淀粉基塑料，因此，目前市场上淀粉塑料主要还是以淀粉或改性淀粉与通用塑料共混的形式存在。
作为可降解塑料，全淀粉塑料具有可观的市场前景，是一种最有发展前途的产品。但其强度不足及耐水性差的不足，限制了其进一步应用的范围，研究表明，加入增强体形成热塑性淀粉复合材料，其耐水和力学性能可得到很好的改善。目前，主要的增强体有有机纤维和无机矿物两大类材料。
有机纤维密度小、比强度高、韧性好，是理想的增强材料，主要包括天然纤维棉、麻、甘蔗渣等，合成纤维和微/纳米纤维。目前，用合成纤维来增强热塑性淀粉塑料的例子比较少，主要因为多数合成纤维降解性能差，而热塑性淀粉本身是要取代传统石油塑料的应用，减少污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种制备合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的方法。
主要内容是选择聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维这种可降解的合成纤维，与可降解的增塑剂结合，通过双螺杆挤出机的塑化过程，制备聚乙烯醇纤维增强的全降解淀粉塑料粒料及其制品，添加量少，力学性能提高明显。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的制备方法是：
⑴ 原料的预处理
方法一：按照每100重量份淀粉加入0.5-2重量份的聚乙烯醇纤维的比例加入聚乙烯醇纤维，通过高速分散机迅速混合分散均匀，再按照每100重量份淀粉加入15-25重量份的可降解增塑剂的比例加入可降解的增塑剂，再通过高速分散机混合分散均匀；
方法二：按照每100重量份淀粉加入15-25重量份的可降解的增塑剂的比例加入可降解的增塑剂，通过高速分散机混合均匀，再按照每100重量份淀粉加入0.5-2重量份的聚乙烯醇纤维的比例加入聚乙烯醇纤维，再通过高速分散机混合分散均匀；
⑵  纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的制备
将混合料加入双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，各区温度控制在105～120℃之间, 转速为150～200r/min, 挤出后冷却造粒，得纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料粒料。
所述的淀粉为玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉。
所述可降解的增塑剂为甘油、乙二醇、葡萄糖和山梨醇中的一种或两种。
该粒料可用来制备各种全降解淀粉塑料制品，如塑料包装制品，一次性快餐盒及农用地膜等。
本发明所采用的聚乙烯醇( PVA)是一种常见的水溶性生物可降解的合成高分子，聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维是以聚乙烯醇为主要原料，经过纺丝及后续处理后短切制成的合成纤维。该纤维具有强度高、模量高；纤维不粘连、分散性好；与淀粉基体的亲和性好；对人体和环境无毒无害等优点。此外，所使用的是可降解的增塑剂，因此，所制备的是一种全降解的淀粉塑料。
本发明提出使用聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维这种可降解的合成纤维制备全降解的淀粉塑料，可使淀粉塑料力学性能（拉伸强度）提高明显（1-1.5倍）。目前，将其用作增强材料用于淀粉塑料领域还未见报道。
具体实施方式
 实施例1
该合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料是按照下列方法获得的：
称取100份玉米淀粉，加入0.5份的聚乙烯醇纤维，通过高速分散机迅速混合分散均匀，再加15份的增塑剂甘油，再通过高速分散机混合分散均匀；
将混合料加入双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，各区温度分别控制在105，110，116，110℃，转速为150r/min, 挤出后冷却造粒，得纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料粒料。
实施例2
该合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料是按照下列方法获得的：
称取100份玉米淀粉，10份的增塑剂甘油，10份的增塑剂乙二醇，通过高速分散机迅速混合分散均匀，再加入1份的聚乙烯醇纤维，再通过高速分散机混合分散均匀；
将混合料加入双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，各区温度分别控制在110，115，120，115℃，转速为200r/min, 挤出后冷却造粒，得纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料粒料。
实施例3
该合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料是按照下列方法获得的：
称取100份玉米淀粉，加入1.5份的聚乙烯醇纤维，通过高速分散机迅速混合分散均匀，再加25份的增塑剂乙二醇，再通过高速分散机混合分散均匀；
将混合料加入双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，各区温度分别控制在105，110，116，110℃，转速为175r/min, 挤出后冷却造粒，得纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料粒料。

Claims (3)

1.一种合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下工艺步骤：
⑴ 原料的预处理
在100重量份的淀粉中加入0.5-2重量份的聚乙烯醇纤维，通过高速分散机迅速混合分散均匀，再加入15-25重量份的可降解的增塑剂，通过高速分散机混合分散均匀；或者在100重量份的淀粉中加入15-25重量份的可降解的增塑剂，通过高速分散机混合均匀，再加入0.5-2重量份的聚乙烯醇纤维，通过高速分散机混合分散均匀；
⑵合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的制备
将混合料加入双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，各区温度控制在105～120℃之间, 转速为150～200r/min, 挤出后冷却造粒，得纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料粒料。
2.根据权利要求1所述合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉。
3.根据权利要求1所述合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述可降解的增塑剂为甘油、乙二醇、葡萄糖和山梨醇中的一种或两种。
CN2013100452574A 2013-02-05 2013-02-05 一种合成纤维增强全降解淀粉塑料的制备方法 Pending CN103122080A (zh)

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CN107522905A (zh) * 2017-08-17 2017-12-29 周光前 一种可降解医用压舌板及制备方法
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN107522905A (zh) * 2017-08-17 2017-12-29 周光前 一种可降解医用压舌板及制备方法
CN109306080A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2019-02-05 南京林业大学 一种光活性聚乙烯醇纤维增强淀粉塑料的制备方法
CN111057335A (zh) * 2019-11-22 2020-04-24 特固(江苏)塑料制品有限公司 一种具有良好力学性能的环保复合塑料板材

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Application publication date: 20130529