A kind of hybrid energy storage charging system of electric automobile
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hybrid energy storage charging system of electric automobile, the present invention is particularly useful for pure electric automobile.
Background technology
The problem of at present electric automobile existence:
(1) the electrokinetic cell flying power is not enough.
Solution plan has two at present, a kind of is to realize by loading a large amount of stored energy power batteries in electric motor car, although this pattern can be brought up to flying power about 300km, but still does not satisfy people's demand, and battery is expensive, and greatly increases complete vehicle weight.Another kind of mode is to adopt to change battery mode, because the architectural difference of electric automobile is large, battery module is difficult to standardization, can't popularize on a large scale; Because battery weight is heavy, need the special-purpose electric equipment that changes simultaneously, and change frequently electricity the electric of battery pack and plant equipment interface are brought a large amount of safety and the hidden danger of reliability.
(2) issue for battery life
The charge mode that vehicle mounted dynamic battery is directly carried out high-power quick charge that adopts at present not only needs easily up to a hundred kilowatts charging system, and can cause great impact to the life-span of battery.In order to increase course continuation mileage, battery put deeply deeply fill all and can impact battery life.
(3) price problem
Because pure electric automobile wants to realize comparatively desirable course continuation mileage, then need load the electrokinetic cell of larger capacity at present, because the electrokinetic cell price comparison is expensive, thereby cause the cost of car load obviously higher.
(4) the not enough problem of charging infrastructure device
The quick charge mode that present pure electric vehicle is corresponding, need to build a large amount of charging stations, even adopt the trickle charge pattern, because battery capacity is larger, the vehicle-mounted charge of general design also has 4-5kw, and general family expenses and civilian system all can't adapt to this system, thereby charging is inconvenient, set up simultaneously powerful charging station and need to take special-purpose place, be difficult to find at present suitable land used in the city, thereby brought very large problem for the construction of infrastructure.
(5) worry what if do not have electricity
Because the problem that related infrastructure is built, present pure electric automobile also can't be realized travelling at a distance, if a lot of people worry we dead battery what if, even find a local charging, may also to wait battery could be full of in several hours.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of hybrid energy storage charging system of electric automobile, and the present invention provides a kind of brand-new charging energy-storing scheme for pure electric automobile.
The technical solution of invention is as follows:
A kind of hybrid energy storage charging system of electric automobile comprises charging pile, transformer, rectifier, auxiliary energy storage device, DC/DC converter and electrokinetic cell; Rectifier, auxiliary energy storage device, DC/DC converter and electrokinetic cell all are arranged on the electric automobile; Charging pile connects the primary side of transformer; The input side of DC/DC converter and ultracapacitor are attempted by on the secondary side of transformer, the output side joint electrokinetic cell of DC/DC converter; Electrokinetic cell connects drive motors by vehicle-mounted electric machine controller.
Also be provided with on the automobile for by the onboard charger of civil power to vehicle charging, onboard charger and electrokinetic cell join.
The onboard charger electric energy can also by the control to DC/DC, be realized the auxiliary energy storage system is charged.
The power of onboard charger is 1.5-2.5KW.
Charging pile adopts 220V or 380V input voltage for adopting contactless charging stake, and power is 10-50kW.
Bottom at the car body of electric automobile is provided with the liftable electric induction dish that is subjected to, and the place is provided with power planes at charging pile, and power planes is provided with feeding pannel, directions X guide rail and Y-direction guide rail, and directions X guide rail and Y-direction guide rail all are connected with feeding pannel.
The auxiliary energy storage device adopts metatitanic acid reason accumulator or super capacitor.
The auxiliary energy storage device adopts the energy absorption bag that selects 1-3KW.h.
Beneficial effect:
But the present invention utilizes the characteristic of auxiliary energy storage device high current charge-discharge, recombinant is with the mixed energy storage system of other form electrokinetic cell high-energy-density characteristics, by the repeatedly fast energy supplement of low capacity, not enough, the large multiplying power of flying power that has solved pure electric automobile is charged to the shortcoming of battery life and performance impact, by being combined with the auxiliary energy storage device quick charge stake system that it matches, can realize substantially continual electronic continuous service simultaneously.Because the auxiliary energy storage device power system capacity of demand is little, do not need to take special-purpose place simultaneously, electrically-charging equipment can be installed on a large scale, charging system can adopt contact or contactless charging mode to charge.This invention can promote pure electric automobile popularization and application in the world greatly, can greatly change power train in vehicle application energy resource supply mode.
Hybrid energy-storing pure electric automobile energy-storage system of the present invention can perfectly overcome the above problems
(1) problem of solution flying power deficiency
By the additional system of auxiliary energy storage device fast energy, by the repeatedly quickly and easily energy supplement of low capacity, by controllable bidirectional DC/DC system auxiliary energy storage device self-energy is transferred in the less electrokinetic cell of relatively traditional pure electric automobile or directly driven vehicle again and advance.Can realize that electric automobile is interrupted the lasting driving functions of (2-3 clock) in short-term.
(2) solve issue for battery life
The charging system of this novel electric vehicle has comprised small-power and has exchanged trickle charge (AC/DC) and low power direct current trickle charge (DC/DC) mode, simultaneously in the application process of reality, can control the active force battery and be in a kind of relatively shallow shallow state of putting that fills, the useful life that can greatly improve electrokinetic cell; Because the auxiliary energy storage utensil of selecting has high rate charge-discharge and long-life, the advantages such as low-temperature characteristics is good, in carrying out the quick charge process, by the control to DC/DC, coordinate the distribution of energy between active force battery and auxiliary energy storage device, minimizing is impacted the active force battery, greatly improves and has led battery; Simultaneously in discharge process by super capacitor to the electrokinetic cell makeup energy and at Brake Energy removal process absorbed energy, reduce electrokinetic cell impacted, improve the active force battery life.
(3) reduce the electric motor car cost
Since this system matches auxiliary energy storage system and charging system easily, realized the quick obtaining of energy, then the vehicle mounted dynamic battery system of itself can significantly reduce in the electric motor car, thereby can greatly reduce the cost of whole electric motor car, reduce complete vehicle weight, improve energy and utilize usefulness.
(4) problem of solution charging infrastructure device
Because the energy that the auxiliary energy storage system once stores itself only has several KW, demand power to super capacitor charging charging website is then relatively little, the construction of charging infrastructure is very convenient, infrastructure drops into little, utilizes present existing parking stall just can build a large amount of power replenishing systems; And because the vehicle-mounted active force battery capacity of itself diminishes, then the capacity of Vehicular charger also can diminish relatively, adopts the civilian electricity of general average family to charge.
(5) solve the trouble and worry that does not have electricity
The auxiliary energy storage quick charging system only needs 2-3 minute short time easily, just can replenish the energy of 1-3kW.h, can guarantee Vehicle Driving Cycle 10-30km
(6) solve the weak problem of discharge capability under traditional lithium ion battery low temperature
Because the auxiliary energy storage utensil has good low temperature drive characteristic, under low-temperature condition during the automobile initial start-up, can preferentially power to electric machine controller by the auxiliary energy storage device, power lithium-ion battery also provides part energy simultaneously, after the active force battery temperature rises, then can again recover electrokinetic cell is the main energy sources supplying, thereby can well solve electric automobile when cold-starting, because the active force battery temperature does not also rise, the active force battery can't be exported high-power, thereby affects the problem of Vehicle Driving Cycle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the non-contact power charging system schematic diagram
Fig. 2 mixes the super structured flowchart that holds electric automobile energy storage charging system.
Fig. 3 is two-way DC/DC charging system; (illustrate: the left side is low-pressure side, and the right is the high-pressure side.)
Label declaration: 1-car body, 2-incoming panel, 3-bottom surface feeding pannel, 4-X traversing guide, 5-Y traversing guide, 6-current transformer, 7-reduction voltage circuit, 8-dc fuse, 9-booster circuit.
Embodiment
Below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further details:
As shown in Figure 2, this system has comprised the parts such as charging pile, auxiliary energy storage device, two-way DC/DC DC converter, electrokinetic cell, AC/DC Vehicular charger, electric machine controller, motor.
(1) wherein charging pile can be that direct current is the charging of auxiliary energy storage device with the alternating current inversion that exchanges AC220 or AC380, and this charging system adopts contactless charging stake.Riding position and conditional request that charge power is concrete according to charging pile, the power grade charging pile system that can select 10-50KW not wait.Charging pile adopts contactless charge mode, can realize charge mode fast and safely.Because the electromagnetic induction pattern is adopted in contactless charging, the outside does not have exposed electric interfaces, greatly improves the fail safe that charging system is used in the public sphere.Such as the capacitor system to energy storage 1.5kw.h, adopt the charger charging interval of 15KW to be about 6 minutes, and adopt the charging interval of the charger of 30KW to only have 3 minutes.
As shown in Figure 1, wherein charger is wireless contactless charging mode, and charger is subjected to the electric induction dish to be installed in vehicle bottom, when normally travelling, power receiving section divide stretch inner at car body; When needs charge, but the incoming panel auto-extending also presses close to be in power planes under the parking stall, after power planes is confirmed contact position, by X and Y-direction guide rail, the control feeding pannel overlaps in the upright position with incoming panel, thereby guarantee that charge efficiency is the highest and effectively prevent external electromagnetic radiation, car body charger and ground charger adopt wireless communication mode to realize communication; Charging system also has the functions such as foreign matter detection, overvoltage, overcurrent, excess temperature detection simultaneously.The driving mechanism that X and Y-direction guide rail and relevant driving feeding pannel move is existing mature technology.
(2) the auxiliary energy storage device is energy-storage system in short-term, is responsible for the short time energy of certain capacity is stored; The auxiliary energy storage device adopts the less capacity system (specifically, can select the energy absorption bag of 1-3KW.h according to the vehicle difference), mainly be to solve the to external world quick absorption problem of the energy of car body, elimination traditional power battery large current charge is on the problem that affects in the life-span of battery, and this energy can be used for direct assistive drive vehicle or charges the battery by low-power mode.By driving vehicle or stopping for charging pattern, energy in the ultracapacitor will discharge gradually, after capacitance is discharged into than low capacity, then can again carry out replenishing fast of energy, with a power 30KW charger, the super appearance energy-storage system of 1.5KW.h is example, and 10 times fast energy replenished (3 minutes/time, about 30 minutes altogether) just be equivalent to replenish the 15kw.h energy to car load, this energy can be that the 12KW.h/100km vehicle continues the 125km that travels for an electric quantity consumption.
(3) the DC/DC system discharges in some way the energy of storing in the auxiliary energy storage device to the active force battery or directly drives vehicle; Also can in due course the main battery energy be transferred to the auxiliary energy storage device.The low-pressure side of DC/DC system is the auxiliary energy storage device, voltage range is 150-250V, the high-pressure side is the active force battery system, voltage range 280V-350V, Fig. 3 is two-way DC/DC charging system structural representation, when Q2 closes, by the conducting of control Q1, the super capacitor lower-voltage circuit boosts and surveys charging to high pressure; When Q1 closes, by the conducting of control Q2, can charge to low-pressure side in the battery high-pressure side.Q1, Q2 are the high-power IGBT pipe, and when Q2 disconnected, Q1 boosted by control, and electric current charges to the high-pressure side by D2 afterflow diode.
Drive or during braking at car load, DC/DC is exportable or absorb the power of 5-10KW, and when charging the battery, the DC/DC power output is about 2KW-4KW under the common charge mode, guarantees the life-span of battery by the low current charge pattern; And under high-power charge mode, DC/DC output can reach 5-10KW.Export to electrokinetic cell system or electric machine controller drives vehicle operating; Also carry out simultaneously the charging of relatively large power 5-10KW to electrokinetic cell by charging pile; Reclaim at braking energy, by controlling two-way DC/DC system, part energy can be shunted to super capacitor, shunting power also can reach 5-10KW, thereby can reclaim to greatest extent braking energy.
(4) Vehicular charger mainly is to carry out the small-power charging by the common AC system of family expenses to electrokinetic cell system.The common AC system of family expenses is prior art, is generally 1.5-2.5KW, and normal domestic use 220 alternating currents charge, and can replenish the 15-25KW.h energy in 10 hours.
(5) be the electrokinetic cell bag, owing to increased super appearance fast energy replenishment system, (1/2---2/3) that the size of this energy bag only needs former pure battery electric automobile energy bag can save a large amount of electrokinetic cells, alleviates complete vehicle weight, reduces integral vehicle cost.
Electric machine controller and motor are the power drive parts of pure electric automobile, and be similar with traditional pure electric automobile structure, can adopt car asynchronous machine, magneto or dc powered system to drive.
The motor-driven part is not the core content of this patent, can use various types of drive systems, its main core is to utilize the fast energy storage characteristic of auxiliary energy storage device, by non-contact power charging system easily, by timesharing safely and fast energy supplement pattern repeatedly, solve the series of problems such as pure electric car course continuation mileage, price, battery, charging infrastructure construction.