CN103113148B - Culture medium for germinating boletus spore - Google Patents
Culture medium for germinating boletus spore Download PDFInfo
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- CN103113148B CN103113148B CN201310073806.9A CN201310073806A CN103113148B CN 103113148 B CN103113148 B CN 103113148B CN 201310073806 A CN201310073806 A CN 201310073806A CN 103113148 B CN103113148 B CN 103113148B
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Abstract
The invention provides a culture medium for germinating boletus spores, and the culture medium comprises a dried chroogomphus rutilus product, a PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) culture medium and water. The invention also provides a method for preparing the culture medium and a method for germinating the boletus spores by adopting the culture medium. The culture medium provided by the invention has the advantages of simple formula, easiness for preparation, more spore germination, regular colonial morphology, thick and dense hypha, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of edible mycorrhizal fungi spore, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of for making the substratum of bolete spore germination and adopting the mycelial method of described culture medium culturing bolete.
Background technology
The Boletaceae (Boletaceae) of Boletus in Basidiomycotina Agaricales, except minority kind is poisonous or bitter and can not eating, the equal edible of most of kind.Mainly contain white, yellow, Boletus aereus.Suillus albidipes (Peck) Sing. delicious flavour, nutritious.This bacterium thalline is larger, and meat is plump, and handle is sturdy, and food flavor is fragrant and sweet good to eat, nutritious, is a kind of worldwide famous edible mushrooms.It is edible that the masses of all nationalities of Yunnan Province like gathering the fresh bacterium cooking.Also there is the extensively custom of edible Suillus albidipes (Peck) Sing. in every Western Europe country, and except fresh cooking, most of chip drying, is processed into various small packagess, is used for preparing soup stock or makes soy sauce medicinal extract, also makes salted product edible.
Wherein, suillusgranulatus (Suillus granulatus (L.:Fr.) O.Kuntce) belongs to Suillus, in summer and autumn pine forest and mixed forest scattered, all living creatures or grow thickly on the ground.Its sporophore edible, is rich in multiple nutrients, delicious flavour.Suillusgranulatus main with Chinese pine formation ectomycorrhiza, be the advantage edible mycorrhizal fungi of Pinus tabulaeformis stand.
Mycorhiza edible mushrooms (Edible mycorrhizal fungi, EMF) is to having the general designation of the macro fungi of edibleness in forest ectomycorrhiza (Ectomycorrhizal fungi, ECM fungi) fungi.The growth needs of mycorhiza edible mushrooms and root system of plant are set up symbiotic relationship, are formed after symbiote mycorhiza, by mycorhiza, from tree root, draw self growth desired nutritional material, to trees, provide its other nutritive substances that grow required or moisture etc. again, when condition is suitable, produce sporophore simultaneously.A lot of famous and precious wild mushrooms are all edible mycorrhizal fungis, because the high nutritive value that they have, pharmaceutical use and important Ecology Action become edible mushrooms and mycorhiza and learn most active field in research, are also to have one of challenging front subject.
The research report that can cultivate about mycorhiza edible mushrooms is less, only has at present the cultivation of Delicious lactarius forest land to succeed.Edible mushrooms spore is important reproductive material, but the sprouting of spore because of classification under it different different, the rare report of research of relevant suillusgranulatus spore.Adopting the mycelium after spore germination is the reliable guarantee in wild mushroom domesticated strain source as bacterial classification.For domesticating and cultivating suillusgranulatus, need to carry out artificial a large amount of cultivation bacterial classification, and find, make the appropriate media of its spore germination be undoubtedly the important beginning of taming.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the inventor has carried out continuous for many years investigation and collection to the biological habit of suillusgranulatus.Obtaining on the basis of pure spore, contriver has collected the culture medium prescription of a large amount of relevant edible mycorrhizal fungi mycelium culture, and in conjunction with growing environment and the pests occurrence rule of suillusgranulatus, several formulas have been formulated, inoculation is observed repeatedly, has finally obtained being suitable for the substratum of suillusgranulatus spore germination.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution.
1, for making a substratum for suillusgranulatus spore germination, wherein, described substratum comprises:
1) Gomphidius rutilus dry product;
2) PDA substratum; With
3) water.
2, the substratum as described in technical scheme 1 wherein, with the weighing scale of described water, is 4% to 6% in order to prepare the content of the described Gomphidius rutilus dry product of the substratum that makes suillusgranulatus spore germination.
3, the method as described in technical scheme 1 or 2 wherein, with the weighing scale of described water, is 20% to 30% in order to prepare the content of the described PDA substratum of the substratum that makes suillusgranulatus spore germination.
4, a method for substratum described in any one in compounding process scheme 1 to 3, wherein, described method comprises the steps:
1) Gomphidius rutilus boiling step: get Gomphidius rutilus, boiling 20 minutes to 40 minutes, obtains Gomphidius rutilus cooking liquor;
2) filtration step: described Gomphidius rutilus cooking liquor is filtered, obtain Gomphidius rutilus filtrate;
3) PDA substratum boiling step: use PDA substratum described in the boiling of described Gomphidius rutilus filtrate, obtain for making the described substratum of bacterium spore germination.
5, the method as described in technical scheme 4, wherein, described method further comprises that the described cultivation that Gomphidius rutilus boiling step is made is based on 120 ℃ to 121 ℃ sterilising treatment steps of carrying out 30 minutes sterilising treatment.
6, make a method for bacterium spore germination, the described substratum that method makes described in the substratum in described method operation technique scheme 1 to 3 described in any one or technical scheme 4 or 5 carries out.
7, the method as described in technical scheme 6, wherein, described method comprises the steps:
1) a kind of rhyme scheme in Chinese operas serving as the prelude to a complete score for voices step: pour the described substratum through sterilising treatment into culture dish;
2) spore suspension preparation process: the suillusgranulatus spore collecting is prepared into spore suspension;
3) spore smearing step: use pipettor that described spore suspension is spread upon on described culture dish; With
4) cultivate and sprout step: described culture dish is placed in incubator and is cultivated, make described suillusgranulatus spore germination.
8, the method as described in technical scheme 7, wherein, the concentration of described spore suspension is 10 times to 100 times diluents.
9, the method as described in technical scheme 7 or 8, wherein, described in each, the applying amount of the described substratum of culture dish is 40 μ l to 60 μ l.
10, the method as described in any one in technical scheme 7 to 9, wherein, described cultivation is sprouted step and is cultivated at the temperature of 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.
11, the method as described in technical scheme 10, wherein, described cultivation is sprouted step and is comprised that successively just putting cultivation cultivates and be inverted and cultivate.
12, the method as described in technical scheme 11, the wherein said incubation time of just putting is 3 days to 5 days.
The present invention has considered the culture medium prescription that germination process needs, aseptic spore suspension preparation, spore inoculating, cultivation sprouting etc., and taken into full account each link dependency each other, set up the substratum system that is applicable to suillusgranulatus spore germination.
Substratum system of the present invention has the advantages such as formula is simple and workable, can make described suillusgranulatus spore bacterial classification easily obtain, and mycelial growth is sturdy dense, and colonial morphology is neat.For realizing suillusgranulatus artificial domesticating cultivation, lay a good foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be more convenient to understand the present invention, herein at this, provide following accompanying drawing, but these accompanying drawings are only for illustration purpose, and should not be construed as for limiting the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 has shown that employing substratum of the present invention (M2) makes the sprouting initial stage photo of suillusgranulatus spore germination.
Fig. 2 has shown that employing substratum of the present invention (M2) makes the sprouting photo in mid-term of suillusgranulatus spore germination.
Fig. 3 has shown that employing substratum of the present invention (M2) makes the sprouting later stage photo of suillusgranulatus spore germination.
Fig. 4 shown and adopting substratum of the present invention (M2) to make the 10th day after suillusgranulatus spore germination, and single bacterium colony is transferred in fresh M2 substratum and continued to cultivate resulting mycelium.
Fig. 5 has shown the mycelial enlarged view described in Fig. 4.
Embodiment
In first aspect, the invention provides a kind ofly for making the substratum of suillusgranulatus spore germination, described substratum comprises 1) Gomphidius rutilus dry product; 2) PDA substratum; With 3) water.
Gomphidius rutilus, the Northeast is commonly called as red mushroom, pine tree umbrella, loose mushroom etc.Red mushroom belongs to Basidiomycotina Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, rivet mushroom section, Gomphidius on classification of fungi, and sporophore is scattered, all living creatures or Dan Sheng.Meat fertilizer is tender, tasty, as famous and precious edible fungus, very popular for a long time.And the inventor finds that Gomphidius rutilus contains abundant nutritive ingredient.According to surveying and determination, the nutritive ingredient of every 100g Gomphidius rutilus dry product is roughly: protein: 18.4 grams; Fat: 0.7 gram; Carbohydrate: 58.1 grams; Food fibre: 24.6 grams; Riboflavin: 1.16 milligrams; Calcium: 14 milligrams; Phosphorus: 35 milligrams; Potassium: 169 milligrams; Sodium: 4.3 milligrams; Iron: 235.1 milligrams; Manganese: 3.75 milligrams; Zinc: 3.14 milligrams; Selenium: 91.7 milligrams; Copper: 0.51 milligram; Manganese: 3.75 milligrams.
PDA substratum is the abbreviation (PDA, Potato Dextrose Agar) of potato dextrose agar, by 200g potato, 20g glucose and 20g agar, is made, can be by commercially available acquisition.
The inventor is surprised to find that, adopts the combination of Gomphidius rutilus and PDA substratum can make suillusgranulatus spore can be good at sprouting.
Some preferred embodiment in, with the weighing scale of described water, for the weight of the described Gomphidius rutilus dry product of substratum described in boiling, be 4% to 6%, be for example 4%, 5% or 6%.
Some preferred embodiment in, with the weighing scale of described water, for the weight of the described PDA substratum of boiling substratum of the present invention, be 20% to 30%.Be preferably 22% to 28%, most preferably be 24%.For example, described content can be 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29% or 30%.The weight of PDA substratum as herein described is the gross weight of potato, glucose and agar.
In second aspect, the invention provides a kind of method of preparing the above substratum, wherein, described method comprises the steps:
1) Gomphidius rutilus boiling step: get Gomphidius rutilus, boiling 20 minutes to 40 minutes, obtains Gomphidius rutilus cooking liquor;
2) filtration step: described Gomphidius rutilus cooking liquor is filtered, obtain Gomphidius rutilus filtrate;
3) PDA substratum boiling step: use PDA substratum described in the boiling of described Gomphidius rutilus filtrate, obtain for making the described substratum of bacterium spore germination.
Within the skill that the preparation of PDA substratum should have in those skilled in the art.For example, 50g Gomphidius rutilus dry product is put into the water of 1000ml, boil (for example 25 minutes to 35 minutes) about 30 minutes, filtration obtains Gomphidius rutilus and boils liquid, with this, boil liquid 1000ml, put into potato fritter (soybean grain size fritter, for example 3mm to 5mmX3mm is to 5mm X3mm to 5mm fritter, as 4mm X4mm X4mm fritter) 200g, boil (for example 4 minutes to 6 minutes) about 5 minutes, filtration discards potato residue, add agar 20g and glucose 20g, water is supplemented to 1000ml, boil and obtain Gomphidius rutilus to boil liquid+PDA substratum (be substratum of the present invention, for example in embodiment, compile as M2 substratum).
Some preferred embodiment in, described method further comprises that the described cultivation that Gomphidius rutilus boiling step is made is based on 120 ℃ to 121 ℃ sterilising treatment steps of carrying out 30 minutes sterilising treatment.
In the third aspect, the present invention also provides the substratum being made by described method.
In fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a kind of method that makes suillusgranulatus spore germination, and described method is used above-described substratum or the described substratum that made by the above method carries out.
Some preferred embodiment in, make the described method of suillusgranulatus comprise the steps: 1) a kind of rhyme scheme in Chinese operas serving as the prelude to a complete score for voices step: will pour culture dish into through the described substratum of sterilising treatment; 2) spore suspension preparation process: the suillusgranulatus spore collecting is prepared into spore suspension; 3) spore smearing step: use pipettor that described spore suspension is spread upon on described culture dish; With 4) cultivate and sprout step: described culture dish is placed in incubator and is cultivated, make described suillusgranulatus spore germination.
Some preferred embodiment in, the filter paper band that comprise spore of described spore suspension for for example being collected by method of the present invention, with the sterile distilled water of 3ml, the spore on spore band is rinsed to sterile chamber, rinse colourless to band till, gained spore suspension solution is prepared into 10 times to 100 times diluents.Be for example 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 or 100 times of diluents.
Some preferred embodiment in, described in each, the applying amount of the described substratum of culture dish is 40 μ l to 60 μ l, is preferably 50 μ l.Can be for example 40 μ l, 4l μ l, 42 μ l, 43 μ l, 44 μ l, 45 μ l, 46 μ l, 47 μ l, 48 μ l, 49 μ l, 50 μ l, 51 μ l, 52 μ l, 53 μ l, 54 μ l, 55 μ l, 56 μ l, 57 μ l, 58 μ l, 59 μ l or 60 μ l.
Some preferred embodiment in, described cultivation is sprouted step and is cultivated at the temperature of 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.In more preferred embodiments, described cultivation sprout step comprise successively just putting cultivations (be the lid of culture dish up) and be inverted cultivation (that is, and by culture dish inversion, make lid below).Other preferred embodiment in, the described incubation time of just putting is 3 days to 5 days, for example, be 3 days, 4 days or 5 days.
Explanation in passing, numerical range used in the present invention means to comprise the end value of this scope and any number and anyon scope within the scope of this.
Embodiment
Below will to the present invention, be further detailed by embodiment, but these embodiment only for the purpose of illustration, should not be construed as limitation of the scope of the invention.
The present invention's preparation used is all purchased from Beijing chemical reagents corporation.
the collection of suillusgranulatus spore
Gather get the day before yesterday 250ml wide-mouth glass Bottle and bottle cap several, one of bottle bottom paving circular filter paper, capping; Prepare the kraft paper of 20cm X20cm length and width or newspaper several, bungee several, sterilizing blade 5-10, scissors and tweezers.Above-mentioned article, in 121 ℃ of autoclavings 30 minutes, are placed in the plastics normal temperature case with alcohol surface sterilization standby.Also the insulation can 1-2 of preparation surface alcohol disinfecting.All apparatus are commercially available prod, there is no the specialty products of special use of the present invention.
7 to September, Pinus tabulaeformis stand select not yet to distribute spore without worm (just open in bacterium hole, naked eyes are visible, please refer to Fig. 1 and 2) suillusgranulatus sporophore, with sterilizing blade, carefully take off cap, be placed on respectively the collecting bottle bottleneck after sterilizing, in sporophore, cover newspaper or the kraft paper of sterilizing again, after fixing, be placed in fast in clean insulation can with bungee, the temperature in insulation can keeps being no more than 15 ℃.Insulation can and plastics normal temperature case are all taken back to laboratory.
The wide-mouth vial that is placed with sporophore is placed in the refrigerator that temperature is made as 5 ℃.After 3 hours, under aseptic condition, take out filter paper, be cut into band, be put in sterilizing in vitro.Test tube is stored in the refrigerator that temperature is made as 5 ℃.
smear inoculation
In Bechtop, a band that contains spore that is stored in test tube with aseptic nipper gripping, rinses the spore on spore bar to the aseptic triangular flask of 100ml with the sterile distilled water of 3ml, rinse colourless to spore bar till, obtain spore suspension, shake up standby.Getting suspension 100 μ l joins in 900 μ l sterilized waters and obtains 10
-1spore suspension, shakes up, and with 100 μ l aseptic straws, draws 10
-1spore suspension is put in the aseptic water pipe of 900 μ l and is obtained 10
-2spore suspension, makes 10 successively according to identical mode
-1to 10
-5serial dilution to 10
-5.At Hematocyte Counter, observe, find that the spore suspension that is suitable for inoculating is 10
-3spore suspension.
The spore suspension 50 μ l that draw 10 times of dilutions with aseptic pipettor join on blank substratum central position, and with the glass spatula of sterilising treatment, spore suspension is smeared out, make spore suspension be distributed in uniformly media surface, but do not scratch substratum.
Spore suspension is inoculated in respectively in 6 kinds of substratum to 15 wares of every kind of culture medium inoculated.
substratum
The formula of described 6 kinds of substratum is as follows:
M1 (/L): PDA substratum
M2 (/L): PDA+ Gomphidius rutilus dry product 50g
M3 (/L): PDA+ wheat bran 50g
M4 (/L): the soil 100g bacterium pool, PDA+ bacterium pool soil need be carried and being soaked in water the day before yesterday, gets vat liquor and makes substratum.
M5 (/L): PDA synthetic medium (potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 20g, KH
2pO
43g, MgSO
47H
2o1.5g, VB
1trace)
M6 (/L): improvement MMN substratum (CaCl
22H
2o0.05g, NaCl0.025g, KH
2pO
40.5g, (NH
4)
2hPO
40.25g, MgSO
47H
2o0.15g, FeCl
3(1% solution) 1.2ml, malt meal 3g, VitB1 0.001g, glucose 10g, agar 20g, pH5.8)
cultivate and sprout
Postvaccinal culture dish is positioned in 25 ℃ of constant incubators to dark cultivation after 4 days, then is changed into being inverted and cultivate, and the situation such as the time of observed and recorded spore germination, mycelia growing way, germination rate.
Found that, the spore of suillusgranulatus all can be sprouted on different culture media, but sprouting situation is different.That spore germination needs shortest time is M6 substratum 28d, and the longest M1 of being substratum needs 36d.15 wares for examination on M2, M3, M6 substratum have spore germination, higher than other substratum.But the colony number of sprouting in single culture dish in M6 substratum is less than M2 and M3, and it is sparse to sprout the bacterium colony mycelia forming.Spore all can be sprouted and produce a large amount of bacterium colonies on M2 and M3 substratum, but spore sprout time on M2 is shorter than M3, and the colonial morphology forming is neat, and mycelia is sturdy dense.Therefore, comparatively speaking, the sprouting of M2 substratum optimum suillusgranulatus spore, adopts colonial morphology that the difference of M2 substratum sprouts period as shown in Figures 1 to 3.
After spore germination the 10th day, select the single bacterium colony growing fine in M2 substratum group and be forwarded in fresh M2 substratum and continue to cultivate, obtain suillusgranulatus spore separation mycelium (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).
The impact of table 1 different culture media on spore germination
Note :+represent that every ware bacterium colony sprouts 10 of number <, ++ represent that it is 10～20 that every ware is sprouted quantity, +++ represent that every ware sprouts 20 of quantity >; Sprout time refers to that the substratum from spore being spread upon culture dish starts to the number of days that occurs being observed visually bacterium colony.
Although described and pointed out of the present invention as being applied to the basic new feature of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but should be understood that, those skilled in the art can carry out the form of set forth embodiment and details to carry out various omissions, replacement and change and do not depart from essence of the present invention.The present invention is not limited to embodiment described above, and these embodiments only provide for giving an example object, and correct in every way in the protection domain that can limit at appended Patent right requirement.
Claims (9)
1. for making a substratum for suillusgranulatus spore germination, wherein, described substratum comprises:
1) Gomphidius rutilus dry product;
2) PDA substratum; With
3) water;
Wherein, described is that method by comprising the steps obtains for making the substratum of suillusgranulatus spore germination: a) boiling of described Gomphidius rutilus dry product is obtained to Gomphidius rutilus cooking liquor; B) described Gomphidius rutilus cooking liquor filtration is obtained to filtrate; And c) use described filtrate boiling PDA substratum and obtain described for making the substratum of suillusgranulatus spore germination; And
Wherein with the weighing scale of described water, for being 4% to 6% for making the weight percent of described Gomphidius rutilus dry product of the substratum of suillusgranulatus spore germination described in boiling, for being 20% to 30% for making the weight percent of described PDA substratum of the substratum of suillusgranulatus spore germination described in boiling.
2. a method of preparing substratum described in claim 1, wherein, described method comprises the steps:
1) Gomphidius rutilus boiling step: get Gomphidius rutilus, boiling 20 minutes to 40 minutes, obtains Gomphidius rutilus cooking liquor;
2) filtration step: described Gomphidius rutilus cooking liquor is filtered, obtain Gomphidius rutilus filtrate;
3) PDA substratum boiling step: use PDA substratum described in the boiling of described Gomphidius rutilus filtrate, obtain described for making the substratum of suillusgranulatus spore germination.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described method further comprises that the described cultivation that Gomphidius rutilus boiling step is made is based on 120 ℃ to 121 ℃ sterilising treatment steps of carrying out 30 minutes sterilising treatment.
4. the substratum being made by method described in claim 2 or 3.
5. make a method for suillusgranulatus spore germination, described method right to use requires the described substratum that method makes described in substratum described in 1 or claim 2 or 3 to carry out.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described method comprises the steps:
1) a kind of rhyme scheme in Chinese operas serving as the prelude to a complete score for voices step: pour the described substratum through sterilising treatment into culture dish;
2) spore suspension preparation process: the suillusgranulatus spore collecting is prepared into spore suspension;
3) spore smearing step: use pipettor and glass spatula that described spore suspension is spread upon on described culture dish; With
4) cultivate and sprout step: described culture dish is placed in incubator and is cultivated, make described suillusgranulatus spore germination.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described cultivation is sprouted step and is cultivated at the temperature of 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein, described cultivation is sprouted step and is comprised successively just putting and cultivate and be inverted and cultivate.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein, the described incubation time of just putting is 3 days to 5 days.
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| CN103609338B (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-09-30 | 云南大学 | The abductive approach of brick red suede lid bolete test tube fruit body primordium |
| CN104370632B (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2017-06-30 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | It is a kind of to improve the culture medium that bolete mycelium separates survival rate |
| CN105039178A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-11 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Phlebopus portentosus basidiospore germination method |
| CN117887595B (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-05-17 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Phlebopus portentosus YAFMF008, separation method thereof and mycorrhizal seedling infection method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009240276A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | Naris Cosmetics Co Ltd | Liquid culture medium for boletaceae suillus basidiomycete |
| CN101665379A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2010-03-10 | 天津春发食品配料有限公司 | Culture medium for fermenting boletus liquid |
| CN102511302A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2012-06-27 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Phlebopus portentosus cultivation fungus stick |
| CN102687641A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2012-09-26 | 苏州百趣食品有限公司 | Method for producing mycelia by liquid fermentation of gomphidius rutilus |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009240276A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | Naris Cosmetics Co Ltd | Liquid culture medium for boletaceae suillus basidiomycete |
| CN101665379A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2010-03-10 | 天津春发食品配料有限公司 | Culture medium for fermenting boletus liquid |
| CN102511302A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2012-06-27 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Phlebopus portentosus cultivation fungus stick |
| CN102687641A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2012-09-26 | 苏州百趣食品有限公司 | Method for producing mycelia by liquid fermentation of gomphidius rutilus |
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