CN103109919B - Ultrasonic and hot air combined carrot drying method and ultrasonic and hot air combined drying device - Google Patents
Ultrasonic and hot air combined carrot drying method and ultrasonic and hot air combined drying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103109919B CN103109919B CN201310039323.7A CN201310039323A CN103109919B CN 103109919 B CN103109919 B CN 103109919B CN 201310039323 A CN201310039323 A CN 201310039323A CN 103109919 B CN103109919 B CN 103109919B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic and hot air combined carrot drying method and an ultrasonic and hot air combined drying device. The ultrasonic and hot air combined carrot drying method comprises the following steps of: (1) pretreatment of a carrot raw material, namely washing and slicing fresh carrots; and (2) ultrasonic and hot air combined drying, namely, putting carrot slices on a sieve, sequentially starting a heating and blowing device and an ultrasonic irradiation device, and carrying out ultrasonic and hot air combined drying on the carrot slices, wherein the drying temperature is 30-70 DEG C, the drying air speed is 0.3-3m/s, the ultrasonic power is 100-200W, the ultrasonic frequency is 20kHz, the distance between the ultrasonic irradiation device and the sieve is 5-15cm and the drying time is 3-6 hours. According to the ultrasonic and hot air combined carrot drying method, an ultrasonic technology is directly and effectively coupled to a hot air drying process, so that the heat transfer and mass transfer efficiencies in the drying process are improved, the drying time is shortened, the energy consumption is saved and the product quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural product process, be specifically related to method and the ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device of a kind of ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot.
Background technology
The amino acid that carrot contains the nutritional labelings such as abundant vitamin, sugar, starch, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron and inorganic salts and 5 kinds of needed by human, therefore has very high nutritive value and various health care functions.In the processing method of carrot, dry processing is a kind of modal method.Dry processing is to utilize product low moisture activity, suppresses the activity of microbial growth breeding and enzyme, can give the local flavor that product is good simultaneously, reaches Long-term Storage, is easy to transportation, is convenient to the object of consuming.
Heated-air drying, as a kind of main dry technology, is widely used in food, especially in dehydrated food is produced, occupies more than 90%.Compare with other dry technology (vacuum drying, freeze drying, spraying are dry), heated-air drying have equipment simple, invest low, Drying Technology Parameter is easily controlled, automaticity is compared with advantages of higher.But can not be ignored, also there are some problem demanding prompt solutions in heated-air drying, comprising: heat and mass efficiency is low, and drying time is long, and energy consumption is higher, and product quality is low.In order to improve the efficiency of heated-air drying, conventionally need under higher baking temperature, carry out, very unfavorable to many thermal sensitivity compositions and physiologically active ingredient in food, easily cause product quality to decline, as: the inactivation of nutriment and aromatic substance loss, functional component, surface sclerosis cracking, excess shrinkage, low rehydration and obvious color change etc.; Significantly increased in addition energy consumption.Meanwhile, longer hot-air drying process very easily causes growing and breeding of microorganism, and particularly food is putrid and deteriorated.For above-mentioned reasons, with Hot Air Drying, come dried carrot also to have following point: 1) longly to cause carrot fading in various degree drying time; 2) energy consumption is high; 3) a large amount of losses of nutrition and flavor substance cause carrot coarse mouthfeel, degradation.
Ultrasonicly refer to that frequency is 2 * 10
4hz～10
9the sound wave of Hz.Compare with the sound wave of other frequencies, ultrasonic to have direction of propagation property strong, and medium particle vibration acceleration is large, in medium, can produce the outstanding features such as cavitation effect.Due to the action effect of ultrasonic uniqueness, it is often used as the means of a kind of very effective augmentation of heat transfer and mass transfer.In the prior art, patent CN101586905A discloses a kind of ultrasonic hot air combined dryer, comprise heat blower, supersonic generator, ultrasonic probe, material lifting platform and ultrasonic probe support, this device organically combines ultrasonic wave and heated-air drying, effectively improve the drying quality of material, shorten drying time, improve energy utilization rate, but this device adopts several ultrasonic probes to be matrix and arranges, ultrasonic probe irradiated area is little, acoustic impedance value is large, easily there is acoustic impedance mismatch problems, cause large energy to scatter and disappear with the form of heating, and heat blower is positioned at a side of material lifting platform, the centre-height in heat blower air port and metal wire side height are consistent, and hot blast, from a side-blown to material, can not make full use of the heat energy of hot blast, inefficiency, and energy consumption is large.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that the object of this invention is to provide ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot, improves heat transfer and mass-transfer efficiency in dry run, shortens drying time, reduces energy consumption, improves the quality of products.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device of implementing the method.
In order to realize above object, the technical scheme that the method for ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention adopts is: a kind of method of ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot, comprises the following steps:
1) pre-treatment of carrot raw material: fresh carrot is cleaned, cut into slices;
2) ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying: carrot slice is placed on screen cloth, open successively heating and air-blast device, ultrasound wave irradiation device, carrot slice is carried out to ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying, baking temperature is 30～70 ℃, and dry wind speed is 0.3～3m/s, and ultrasonic power is 100～200W, supersonic frequency is 20kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation device is 5～15cm apart from screen cloth distance, and be 3～6h drying time, obtains.
The thickness of described carrot slice is 2.5～3.5mm.
The ultrasonic wave that the hot blast that described heating and air-blast device produce, ultrasound wave irradiation device produce is all from bottom to top by screen cloth be placed on the carrot on screen cloth.
The technical scheme that ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device of the present invention adopts is: a kind of ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device, comprise objective table, heat blower and ultrasonic transducer, and described objective table is the screen cloth that is horizontally placed on a hothouse inside; Described ultrasonic transducer is provided with ultrasonic variable amplitude bar, and the output of this ultrasonic variable amplitude bar is extend in hothouse and is arranged on objective table below the ultrasonic irradiation dish parallel with objective table and is connected by the below of hothouse; Between described objective table and ultrasonic irradiation dish, have hot-air flow chamber, the hot-blast outlet pipeline of described heat blower is communicated with hot-air flow chamber; Described hothouse is provided with air outlet.
The hot-blast outlet pipeline of described heat blower is provided with volume damper.
Indoor temperature, the anemometry instrument of being provided with of described hot-air flow.
It is indoor that described ultrasonic transducer is positioned at a transducing, the indoor radiator fan that is provided with of described transducing.
The method of ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention, by ultrasonic direct efficient coupling in hot-air drying process, utilize the strong fluctuation effect of ultrasonic high-frequency and calorifics effect, both utilized ultrasonic cavitation effect to change material Surface and internal structure, increase cell membrane gap, change the proterties of material itself, can strengthen hot-air drying process heat and mass again.
The method of ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention, by the direct efficient coupling of ultrasonic technique in hot-air drying process, can significantly improve heat transfer and mass-transfer efficiency in dry run, shorten drying time, save energy consumption, improve the quality of products, adopt that the dry carrot appearance luster of method of the present invention is good, shrinkage factor is little, rehydration performance is good.
The method of ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention, is used ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device during operation.During the work of ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device, outside air is after blower fan enters heat blower, and the hot blast that heat blower produces enters hothouse, the carrot slice of placing on the objective table that hot blast is made by screen cloth and objective table from bottom to top.Ultrasonic irradiation dish is positioned under objective table, and the carrot slice of placing on the objective table that the ultrasonic wave being gone out by ultrasonic irradiation hair updo is also made by screen cloth from bottom to top and objective table is realized the object of ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot.
Ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device of the present invention, by volume damper, regulate dry wind speed, by supersonic generator, regulate ultrasonic power and frequency, by ultrasonic variable amplitude bar, regulate ultrasonic vibration amplitude, temperature and the wind speed of hot blast can be measured and show to temperature, anemometry instrument.
Ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device of the present invention, changes traditional cylindrical or conical ultrasonic irradiation device into ultrasonic irradiation dish, increases hyperacoustic irradiated area, reduces acoustic impedance value, improves drying efficiency; Heat blower and ultrasonic irradiation dish are all located at the below of hothouse, the ultrasonic wave that the hot blast that heat blower produces and ultrasonic irradiation hair updo go out passes through material from top to bottom, make full use of hot blast and hyperacoustic energy, ultrasonic wave and Hot Air Drying are effectively coupled, heat transfer in intensified drying process and mass transfer, increase work efficiency, save energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device of the present invention;
Number in the figure explanation: 1-blower fan, 2-electric heater, 3-volume damper, 4-ultrasonic variable amplitude bar, 5-ultrasonic transducer, 6-transducing chamber, 7-radiator fan, 8-stube cable, 9-supersonic generator, 10-ultrasonic irradiation dish, 11-temperature, anemometry instrument, 12-screen cloth, 13-hothouse, 14-air outlet.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
A kind of embodiment of ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprises objective table, heat blower and ultrasonic transducer 5, and objective table is the screen cloth 12 that is horizontally placed on hothouse 13 inside; Supersonic generator 9 connects ultrasonic transducer 5 by stube cable 8, this ultrasonic transducer 5 is provided with ultrasonic variable amplitude bar 4, and the output of this ultrasonic variable amplitude bar 4 is transferred to extend in hothouse 13 by hothouse 13 and is connected with the ultrasonic irradiation dish 10 that is arranged on screen cloth 12 belows and be arranged in parallel with screen cloth 12; Heat blower comprises blower fan 1 and is positioned at the electric heater 2 on heat engine export pipeline, and between described objective table and ultrasonic irradiation dish 10, have hot-air flow chamber, the hot-blast outlet pipeline of described heat blower is communicated with hot-air flow chamber; The top of described hothouse 13 shells is provided with air outlet 14.The hot-blast outlet pipeline of blower fan 1 is provided with volume damper 3; Indoor temperature, the anemometry instrument 11 of being provided with of hot-air flow; Ultrasonic transducer 5 is positioned at transducing chamber 6, in described transducing chamber 6, is provided with radiator fan 7.
The ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device of present embodiment, during use, outside air enters heat blower from blower fan 1, after electric heater 2 heating, through hot-blast outlet pipeline, enter hothouse 13, hot blast is from bottom to top by screen cloth 12 be placed on the material on screen cloth 12, the ultrasonic wave being sent by ultrasonic irradiation dish 10 is also from bottom to top by screen cloth 12 be placed on the material on screen cloth 12, reach the object of ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying material, through the hot blast of material, by the wind outlet 14 of hothouse 13 shell upper, discharged.The adjustable dry wind speed of volume damper 3, temperature, anemometry instrument 11 can be measured temperature and the wind speed that is about to the hot blast of dried material in hothouse, convenient control; Ultrasonic transducer 5 is placed in to the interior radiator fan that arranges in transducing chamber 6 and in transducing chamber 6, prevents that ultrasonic transducer 5 is overheated, guarantee the use safety of ultrasonic transducer 5.
The embodiment 1～5 of the method for ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention, is all used the ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device of above-mentioned embodiment during enforcement.
The embodiment 1 of the method for ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) pre-treatment of carrot raw material: selected shape is full, without the fresh carrot of disease and pest, cleans the earth and the impurity that remove root, section, and the thickness of carrot slice is 2.5mm;
2) ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying: carrot slice is placed on screen cloth, open successively heating and air-blast device, ultrasound wave irradiation device, carrot slice is carried out to ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying, baking temperature is 30 ℃, and dry wind speed is 3m/s, and ultrasonic power is 200W, supersonic frequency is 20kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation device is 5cm apart from screen cloth distance, and be 3.5h drying time, obtains.
The embodiment 2 of the method for ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) pre-treatment of carrot raw material: selected shape is full, without the fresh carrot of disease and pest, cleans the earth and the impurity that remove root, section, and the thickness of carrot slice is 3.0mm;
2) ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying: carrot slice is placed on screen cloth, open successively heating and air-blast device, ultrasound wave irradiation device, carrot slice is carried out to ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying, baking temperature is 70 ℃, and dry wind speed is 0.3m/s, and ultrasonic power is 200W, supersonic frequency is 20kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation device is 25cm apart from screen cloth distance, and be 4.5h drying time, obtains.
The embodiment 3 of the method for ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) pre-treatment of carrot raw material: selected shape is full, without the fresh carrot of disease and pest, cleans the earth and the impurity that remove root, section, and the thickness of carrot slice is 3.5mm;
2) ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying: carrot slice is placed on screen cloth, open successively heating and air-blast device, ultrasound wave irradiation device, carrot slice is carried out to ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying, baking temperature is 55 ℃, and dry wind speed is 1.5m/s, and ultrasonic power is 100W, supersonic frequency is 20kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation device is 10cm apart from screen cloth distance, and be 5.0h drying time, obtains.
The embodiment 4 of the method for ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) pre-treatment of carrot raw material: selected shape is full, without the fresh carrot of disease and pest, cleans the earth and the impurity that remove root, section, and the thickness of carrot slice is 3.2mm;
2) ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying: carrot slice is placed on screen cloth, open successively heating and air-blast device, ultrasound wave irradiation device, carrot slice is carried out to ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying, baking temperature is 45 ℃, and dry wind speed is 1.0m/s, and ultrasonic power is 50W, supersonic frequency is 20kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation device is 20cm apart from screen cloth distance, and be 6.0h drying time, obtains.
The embodiment 5 of the method for ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) pre-treatment of carrot raw material: selected shape is full, without the fresh carrot of disease and pest, cleans the earth and the impurity that remove root, section, and the thickness of carrot slice is 2.3mm;
2) ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying: carrot slice is placed on screen cloth, open successively heating and air-blast device, ultrasound wave irradiation device, carrot slice is carried out to ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying, baking temperature is 60 ℃, and dry wind speed is 1.5m/s, and ultrasonic power is 180W, supersonic frequency is 20kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation device is 8cm apart from screen cloth distance, and be 3.0h drying time, obtains.
Experimental example
Baking temperature and dry wind speed that employing is identical with the embodiment 1～5 of the method for ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of the present invention, carry out single heated-air drying test 1～5, and the effect of the method for the ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of embodiment 1～5 and single heated-air drying 1～5 dried carrot is compared, result is as shown in table 1.
Wherein the computational methods of carrot reconstitution rate are: accurately take the about 3.0g(m1 of quality) dried carrot sample puts into the boiled distilled water of 100mL, elimination distilled water after immersion 5min, with paper handkerchief, suck sample surfaces moisture again, survey its quality (m2), reconstitution rate computing formula is: reconstitution rate=(m2m1) * 100%/m1.
The effect comparison of table 1 embodiment 1～5 and single Hot Air Drying dried carrot
As shown in table 1, the method of the ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot of embodiments of the invention 1～5 is than single Hot Air Drying, under identical baking temperature and dry wind friction velocity, reach in the situation of essentially identical dry rear moisture content, maximum drying time of the method for ultrasonic in combination heated-air drying carrot can shorten 50%, reconstitution rate is all more than 200%, and maximum can reach 226%, on average can save energy consumption 20%.
Claims (2)
1. ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device, comprises objective table, heat blower and ultrasonic transducer, it is characterized in that: described objective table is the screen cloth that is horizontally placed on a hothouse inside; Described ultrasonic transducer is provided with ultrasonic variable amplitude bar, and the output of this ultrasonic variable amplitude bar is extend in hothouse and is arranged on objective table below the ultrasonic irradiation dish parallel with objective table and is connected by the below of hothouse; Between described objective table and ultrasonic irradiation dish, have hot-air flow chamber, the hot-blast outlet pipeline of described heat blower is communicated with hot-air flow chamber; Described hothouse is provided with air outlet; The hot-blast outlet pipeline of described heat blower is provided with volume damper; Indoor temperature, the anemometry instrument of being provided with of described hot-air flow.
2. ultrasonic in combination hot-air drying device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is indoor that described ultrasonic transducer is positioned at a transducing, the indoor radiator fan that is provided with of described transducing.
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| CN105004150B (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-09-01 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of ultrasound-enhanced low-pressure superheated steam drying device and method |
| US11391513B2 (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2022-07-19 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Drying process and apparatus |
| CN107495212A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏大学 | It is a kind of that the method for improving banana chip hot air drying rate is pre-processed using combined ultrasonic |
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| CN110463752A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-19 | 安徽宜康高新农业科技有限公司 | A kind of bamboo shoots ice temperature drying equipment |
| CN115517388B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-08-25 | 陕西中烟工业有限责任公司 | Contact type ultrasonic coupling hot air drying method for high-humidity tobacco shreds |
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