CN102406220B - Quick drying method of hericium erinaceus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a quick drying method of hericium erinaceus. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting hericium erinaceus; drying with hot air for the first time; carrying out low-frequency microwave treatment; drying with hot air for the second time; and packaging and storing the dried hericium erinaceus. Through the combination of hot-air drying and low-frequency microwave treatment, the drying rate of hericium erinaceus can be improved obviously and drying energy consumption can be reduced greatly; since low-frequency microwave has extremely high penetrability, even through the size of hericium erinaceus is large, the hericium erinaceus can be heated internally and externally and transferring of water from the inside to the outside can be accelerated on a condition of low power density. Since a necessary samming process in the traditional hot-air drying method is replaced with low-frequency microwave treatment, lots of time can be saved, and production efficiency can be improved; moreover, tissues of hericium erinaceus subjected to low-frequency microwave treatment are puffed slightly, which can accelerate the hot-air drying rate in a later stage.

Description

The quick-drying method of a kind of Hericium erinaceus

Technical field

The present invention relates to the food drying processing technique field, be specifically related to a kind ofly utilize heated-air drying and low frequency microwave to process Hericium erinaceus is carried out quick-drying method.

Background technology

Hericium erinaceus belongs to the mushroom of hedgehog fungus section, and the cap surface is long young pilose antler shape corn, is about 1～3 centimetre, and fructification is round and thick, and white when fresh is pale yellow to light brown after doing, 3.5～10 centimetres of diameters.Hericium erinaceus is the traditional luxury dish of China, and meat is tender, flavor is fragrant, tasty.One of four large famous dishes (hedgehog hydnum, bear's paw, sea cucumber, shark's fin).Hericium erinaceus is a kind of high protein, low fat, is rich in the good food of minerals and vitamins that it contains unrighted acid, can reduce cholesterolemia and content of triglyceride, regulates blood fat, is beneficial to blood circulation, is the ultimate food of cardiovascular patient; The polysaccharide body that it contains, polypeptide class and fatty material, inhereditary material is synthetic in the energy inhibition cancer cell, thus prevention and treatment alimentary tract cancer and other malignant tumours.Hericium erinaceus is adopted rear moisture content up to 85%～90%, very easily rots, and therefore mostly is used for being processed into dried mushroom and sells.Current mainstream technology to the Hericium erinaceus drying is Hot Air Drying.Because the Hericium erinaceus volume is larger, whole mushroom required time when adopting heated-air drying is longer.Produce duricrust when particularly dry tack free is extremely than low-water-content, hinder the further evaporation of internal moisture, so must carry out more than the tempering sam 12h.In addition, material temperature gradient and moist gradient opposite direction during owing to heated-air drying, the Hericium erinaceus rate of drying is very slow.Because individual large, moisture from inside to outside migration velocity is slow, it is infeasible adopting the method that improves wind-warm syndrome to improve rate of drying.Therefore, can only adopt lower wind-warm syndrome to add tempering sam measure in the dry processing of current Hericium erinaceus and guarantee product quality, required total drying time is usually more than 30 h.

Microwave energy gos deep into material inside makes its inside and outside intensification simultaneously form whole heating, and greatly shorten drying time.At present a lot of scholars utilize microwave and hot blast to act synergistically food is carried out combined drying, and normally hot blast and microwave are worked simultaneously, accelerate rate of drying.For example, with hot blast-microwave combining drying banana chip, rate of drying is very fast; With hot blast-microwave drying apple fourth, drying time is than descending more than 80% without heating using microwave; Adopt hot blast and microwave combining drying method processing day lily, use first 90 ℃ of heated-air drying 1h, make its water content be down to 48%, use again the dry 15min of low power microwave, can shorten drying time, raise the efficiency, can guarantee product quality again; Adopt microwave-hot air combined dry fresh ginger-chip, obtain without sulphur, aseptic high-quality rhizoma zingiberis goods.As seen, present most microwaves-heated-air drying food all is the cutting product, for large scale and need the food of volume drying can only adopt low temperature at a slow speed drying add the means such as sam (moisture regain), drying time is extremely long.This is that especially when the raw material moisture content was high, the microwave energy rate of decay was fast because the penetration depth of conventional microwave (2450MHz) is limited, can cause the phenomenon of the low and outside formation surface checking because firing rate is exceedingly fast of internal temperature.Therefore microwave and heated-air drying are only suitable for cutting food usually, such as raw materials such as sheet, bulks.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is the deficiency for solving the problems of the technologies described above, provide a kind of Hericium erinaceus quick-drying method, under the prerequisite that guarantees product quality, improve rate of drying, and can reduce energy consumption for drying, be specially adapted to the drying processing of Hericium erinaceus.

The present invention is the deficiency that solves the problems of the technologies described above, and the technical scheme that adopts is: the quick-drying method of a kind of Hericium erinaceus said method comprising the steps of:

(1), selects Hericium erinaceus: choose the Hericium erinaceus of bacterium thorn length≤5 mm, clean rear for subsequent use;

(2), heated-air drying: open box drier, it is 32～36 ℃ that wind-warm syndrome is set, ventilation preheating 10～20 minutes, then the Hericium erinaceus that will clean is put into box drier, 65～75 ℃ of wind-warm syndrome are set, wind speed 2m/s, drying process to moisture content be 45%, adopt the monitoring of infrared thermometry method in the dry run, the surface temperature of control Hericium erinaceus is no more than 45 ℃;

(3), low frequency microwave is processed: the Hericium erinaceus after will processing through a heated-air drying is put into the low frequency microwave stove, after being down to room temperature, the Hericium erinaceus surface temperature opens microwave, using the 915MHz low frequency microwave to carry out drying processes, the low frequency microwave processing power is: every gram Hericium erinaceus 0.2W, adopt infrared thermometry method monitoring Hericium erinaceus surface temperature in the low frequency microwave processing procedure, when the Hericium erinaceus surface temperature reaches 40 ℃, close microwave;

(4), secondary hot-air is dry: the Hericium erinaceus after will processing through low frequency microwave moves in the box drier, and it is 65～75 ℃ that wind-warm syndrome is set, and wind speed is 2m/s, and drying is processed to moisture content≤7%;

(5), dried Hericium erinaceus packing, storage.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

(1) heated-air drying and low frequency microwave are processed reasonable combination, can obviously improve the rate of drying of Hericium erinaceus, and can obviously reduce energy consumption for drying.

(2) low frequency microwave has extremely strong penetrability, even the Hericium erinaceus size is larger, simultaneously heating can be accelerated moisture migration from inside to outside inside and outside still can realizing under the condition of low power density.

(3) low frequency microwave is processed the sam method that replaces in the traditional heated air drying, can save the plenty of time, enhances productivity.

(4) the Hericium erinaceus tissue of processing through low frequency microwave has small expanded, and later stage heated-air drying speed is accelerated, and reduces drying time.

The specific embodiment

Below be specific embodiments of the invention:

The quick-drying method of a kind of Hericium erinaceus, the method may further comprise the steps:

(1), selects Hericium erinaceus: choose the Hericium erinaceus of bacterium thorn length≤5 mm, clean rear for subsequent use; Oversize bacterium thorn produces point effect easily when microwave treatment, should reject;

(2), a heated-air drying: open box drier, it is 32 ℃ that wind-warm syndrome is set, ventilation preheating 15 minutes, the preheating purpose is for Hericium erinaceus being rapidly heated to the polyphenol oxidase passivation temperature, reducing brown stain.The Hericium erinaceus that to clean after preheating finishes is put into box drier, and 70 ℃ of wind-warm syndrome are set, wind speed 2m/s, drying process to moisture content be 45%, continue again aeration-drying and cause easily the surface to harden.The surface temperature of control Hericium erinaceus is no more than 45 ℃ in the dry run, and the Hericium erinaceus surface temperature adopts the monitoring of infrared thermometry method, 10 hours consuming time approximately of this dryer section;

(3), low frequency microwave is processed: the Hericium erinaceus after will processing through a heated-air drying is put into micro-wave oven, after being down to room temperature, the Hericium erinaceus surface temperature opens microwave, otherwise can cause surperficial taken in excess microwave to cause that surface moisture evaporation causes the surface sclerosis too soon, the migration that the moisture in the Hericium erinaceus can't be from inside to outside.Use the 915MHz low frequency microwave to carry out drying and process, the low frequency microwave processing power is the 0.2W/g Hericium erinaceus, treats to close when the Hericium erinaceus surface temperature reaches 40 ℃ microwave, and microwave treatment time is about 2 hours;

(4), secondary hot-air is dry: the Hericium erinaceus after will processing through low frequency microwave moves in the box drier, it is 75 ℃ that wind-warm syndrome is set, wind speed is 2m/s, drying is processed to moisture content≤7%, this section is about 4 hours drying time, because it is small expanded that the Hericium erinaceus tissue that the process low frequency microwave is processed has, rate of water migration is accelerated in the later stage dry run, thereby has improved heated-air drying speed;

(5), dried Hericium erinaceus packing, storage.

Dried Hericium erinaceus product form is full, individual large, the bacterium thorn is neat, tint lemon yellow is to golden yellow, with traditional heated air drying product no significant difference, usually need 30 hours total drying time of traditional heated-air drying method, and quickly drying method of the present invention only has about 16 hours dry total time, obviously reduce the dry used time, greatly improved the dry processing speed of Hericium erinaceus.

Claims (1)

1. quick-drying method of Hericium erinaceus is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:

(1), selects Hericium erinaceus: choose the Hericium erinaceus of bacterium thorn length≤5mm, clean rear for subsequent use;

(2), heated-air drying: open box drier, it is 32～36 ℃ that wind-warm syndrome is set, ventilation preheating 10～20 minutes, then the Hericium erinaceus that will clean is put into box drier, 65～75 ℃ of wind-warm syndrome are set, wind speed 2m/s, drying process to moisture content be 45%, adopt the monitoring of infrared thermometry method in the dry run, the surface temperature of control Hericium erinaceus is no more than 45 ℃;

(3), low frequency microwave is processed: the Hericium erinaceus after will processing through a heated-air drying is put into the low frequency microwave stove, after being down to room temperature, the Hericium erinaceus surface temperature opens microwave, use the 915MHz low frequency microwave to process, the low frequency microwave processing power is: every gram Hericium erinaceus 0.2W, adopt infrared thermometry method monitoring Hericium erinaceus surface temperature in the low frequency microwave processing procedure, when the Hericium erinaceus surface temperature reaches 40 ℃, close microwave;

(4), secondary hot-air is dry: the Hericium erinaceus after will processing through low frequency microwave moves in the box drier, and it is 65～75 ℃ that wind-warm syndrome is set, and wind speed is 2m/s, and drying is processed to moisture content≤7%;

(5), dried Hericium erinaceus packing, storage.