CN102550759A - Microwave processing method for chrysanthemum tea - Google Patents
Microwave processing method for chrysanthemum tea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a microwave processing method for chrysanthemum tea. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, picking out satisfactory fresh chrysanthemums, and spreading the chrysanthemums at room temperature to air; performing microwave green removing, quickly reducing the temperature after green removing, and repeatedly kneading the chrysanthemums; and drying, screening, inspecting and packing the chrysanthemums to obtain the finished product of chrysanthemum tea. Compared with the traditional common green removing method through heating, distilling and drying, the method can effectively reserve important drugs and nutrition constituents such as volatile oil, flavone, chlorogenic acid, stevia, choline, amino acids, vitamins, abundant mineral elements and the like contained in the chrysanthemums, and the disinfection effect is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the chrysanthemum tea processing technique field, specifically, relate to a kind of processing method of using microwave equipment chrysanthemum tea to be carried out microwave de-enzyming.
Background technology
Chrysanthemum is the composite family herbaceos perennial, is one of traditional conventional Chinese medicine material of China, mainly with the capitulum hyoscine.According to ancient books record, chrysanthemum sweet-bitter flavor, cold nature; Diffusing wind heat-clearing is arranged, clear liver and improve vision and effect such as detoxicating, relieving inflammation.Puckery to dry, hyperactivity of fire, order, or exhausting, cold, the wet limbs pain that causes, numb disease all have certain curative effect.Chrysanthemum under plucking can be made into health protection tea, and very high drug effect is arranged.Chrysanthemum after completing through steam, dries to moisture content below 70% after plucking down annual October, hand twist with the fingers petal during pulverizing, can be subsequent use.
Tea Processing is the conventional industries of China, and completing is the crux property technology that forms and improve tea leaf quality.The fried green mode is adopted in the processing of China traditional tea, this method be difficult to raise fast temperature of tealeaves, the activity of inactive enzyme; Very difficult assurance completes and all passes through, and reason such as frame for movement often causes tea color emerald green inadequately in addition; It is serious to produce the red stalk red autumnal leaves phenomenon and the cigarette smell of burning, has reduced tea leaf quality.For example, roller fixation often occur completing do not pass through, irregular phenomenon, also have phenomenons such as the burnt limit of tealeaves, any of several broadleaf plants leaf, red stalk, red autumnal leaves.Tradition completes and processing method, because the enzyme that goes out is not thorough, the slow residual a large amount of moisture that heats up makes green tea quality in storage especially famous green tea that descends, and it is worth greatly reduces.
The very easily bad change of ageing in transporting procedures of tealeaves, the research and development of its preservation technique and application are paid close attention to by Tea Production person, operator and consumer always.According to tealeaves ageing mechanism, the harmful effect that tea leaf quality produces when overcoming environmental condition such as temperature, moisture, oxygen, modal both at home and abroad at present have drying, low temperature, deoxygenation and bleed towards preservation techniques such as nitrogen.
Microwave de-enzyming is fuel factor and a biological effect (60～80 ℃) under cryogenic conditions of utilizing microwave, and quick passivation oxidase active wherein makes its material component Yin Gaowen and obtain destroying not fully, rapidly and efficiently.Microwave de-enzyming can make hydrone contained in the tealeaves with identical hunting of frequency, thereby causes that molecule and molecule rub mutually, and friction can be given birth to heat.Frequency of oscillation is higher, and amplitude is bigger, and intermolecular friction is more violent, and the heat of generation also just the more.Obviously, the mode of this heating is different with the mode effect of the infrared radiation of baking, and it can make the inside of tealeaves and outer surface be heated simultaneously, and this mode of heating efficient is very high.So microwave de-enzyming has heating rapidly, evenly, the volatilization of green grass gas; The tealeaves color is pure; The soup look limpid is bright; The process that the completes shake of need not rolling, shape intact is superior to traditional tea-manufacturing technology, and sterilization and disinsection is anti-simultaneously goes mouldy, and extends the shelf life.But the tea aroma that existing microwave de-enzyming technology processes is not enough, the tealeaves that processes not as good as roller fixation far away.In addition, sterilization effect is also bad.
CN 102273525A discloses a kind of production technology of green tea, comprising: airing, complete, knead and dry four procedures, at first fresh tea leaf in its is placed indoor room temperature airing; Again with tea microwave de-enzyming; Send into the roller fixation machine secondary by automatic conveying belt fast and complete, the tealeaves after completing is kneaded after lowering the temperature rapidly again; Oven dry, tea gets product.
CN 1943374A discloses a kind of method of using the microwave processing eucommia ulmoides male flower tea, and the object of the invention is to promote the application of microwave technology in the tea making industry.Eucommia Bark male flower utilization microwave de-enzyming: adopt advanced microwave technology to replace traditional heat conduction mode of heating, through completing fast, fast dewatering, cooling off, make male flower tea to reach that color and luster is emerald green, the soup look bright, the light green effect of background color fast.
CN 1709092A relates to green tea microwave processing and fresh-retaining method, belongs to the high-quality tea Processing method.Bright leaf completes on microwave de-enzyming equipment after put at the stand, and the power that completes is 5950 watts, continuously changes speed in two minutes after airing, drying, selection by winnowing, choose to pick and be processed into finished product green tea.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to a series of problems that existing chrysanthemum tea processing method exists, proposed a kind of production process safety clean, effectively keep nutritional labeling, sterilization effect is good, and workman's manipulation strength is low, the free of contamination chrysanthemum tea microwave processing method of production process.
To achieve these goals, the present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of chrysanthemum tea microwave processing method may further comprise the steps:
(1) pick out at first that the complete nothing of flower is gone rotten, free of contamination bright chrysanthemum, its standard is with reference to conventional production standard, and the present invention does not have other particular restriction;
(2) the bright chrysanthemum airing at room temperature that will pick out; Airing mode and time do not have particular restriction, and those skilled in the art use protracted experience to select to get final product;
(3) the bright chrysanthemum after the airing carries out microwave de-enzyming; The microwave equipment frequency setting is 915～2450MHz, 920MHz for example, and 960MHz, 1000MHz, 1080MHz, 1350MHz, 1764MHz, 1960MHz, 2045MHz, 2200MHz, 2310MHz, the 2440MHz constant power all can be used for embodiment of the present invention;
(4) chrysanthemum is cooled to 35～50 ℃ after completing, for example is cooled to 36.5 ℃, 40 ℃, 42.8 ℃, 44 ℃, 48 ℃, 49.6 ℃ of equitemperatures all can, rub repeatedly then; Saidly rub operation and undertaken and to implement by methods known in those skilled in the art;
(5) chrysanthemum after will rubbing dry to water content less than 25%, water content such as 23%, 20%, 15%, 12%, 9%, 6% for example, chrysanthemum tea again gets product after screening, check, packing.Oven dry back operation is for producing the conventional operation of tealeaves, and operating personnel can select according to the experience of oneself according to actual needs, can make the finished product chrysanthemum tea and get final product.
Microwave is meant that frequency is the electromagnetic wave of 300MHz-300GHz, and the fundamental property of microwave is rendered as and penetrates, reflects, absorbs three characteristics usually.For glass, plastics and porcelain, microwave almost is to pass through and be not absorbed.Will absorb microwave and make self-heating for water and food etc.And to the metal species thing, then can microwave reflection.Microwave is used for the electromagnetic wave of radiation heating than other, and is longer like infrared ray, far infrared equiwavelength, therefore has better penetrability.When microwave penetrates medium; Because the rising of the medium temperature that dielectric loss causes; Make almost while heat temperature raising of dielectric material inside, outside, organizator thermal source state has shortened the conventional heat conduction time of pining for that adds greatly; And in condition is dielectric dissipation factor and medium temperature when being negative correlativing relation, and the material inside and outside homogeneous heating is consistent.Hydrone in the heated medium material is a polar molecule, and it is under fast-changing high-frequency electromagnetic field action, and its polarity orientation will change along with the variation of external electric field.Cause the effect of the mutual fricting movement of molecule, this moment, the field energy of microwave field was converted into the heat energy in the medium, and temperature of charge is raise, and produced thermalization and a series of materializing procedures such as expanded and reached the purpose of micro-wave drying.Microwave disinfection is to have utilized the fuel factor of electromagnetic field and the coefficient result of biological effect.Microwave is that protein is changed to the fuel factor of bacterium, makes bacterium lose nutrition, the condition of breeding and existence and death.Microwave is the Potential distribution that microwave electric field changes the cell membrane section to the biological effect of bacterium; Influence cell membrane electronics and ion concentration on every side; Thereby change the transparent performance of cell membrane, bacterium is therefore malnutritive, can not eubolism; The eucaryotic cell structure dysfunction, growing is suppressed and death.In addition, microwave energy makes the nucleic acid and the DNA of bacterium normal growth and genetic stability breeding, is lax by some hydrogen bonds, fracture and reorganization, thus bring out genetic gene mutation, or chromosome aberration even fracture.
The bright chrysanthemum that step according to the invention (2) will be picked out is airing 2～5h at room temperature, and for example the airing time is 2.05h, 2.2h, 2.42h, 2.8h, 3.04h, 3.6h, 4h, 4.4h, 4.65h, 4.98h etc., preferred 2.5～4.2h, further preferred 3h.Said airing mode is evenly spread out and airing at room temperature for the bright chrysanthemum that will pick out in the airing place.
The frequency of step according to the invention (3) microwave equipment is preferably set to 1000～2000MHz, for example can be set at 1020MHz, 1400MHz, and 1680MHz, 1800MHz, 1975MHz etc. further are preferably set to 1300MHz; Fixation time is 1～5min, for example can select fixation time 1.2min, 1.7min, 2min, 2.2min, 2.9min, 3.5min, 4min, 4.2min, but equal embodiment of the present invention such as 4.8min, preferred 1～3min, further preferred 2.3min.
Step according to the invention (4) preferably is cooled to 38～45 ℃ with chrysanthemum, further preferred 42 ℃; Rub repeatedly to lead to leaf cell disorganization and reach 25～50%, for example destructive rate is 26%, 30%, 33%, 37%, 40%, 42%, 44.5%, 47%, 49.8% etc., and preferred 35～45%, further preferred 38%.
Step according to the invention (5) with chrysanthemum dry to water content be 5～15%, for example 5.5%, 6.3%, 7%, 7.6%, 8.7%, 10.4%, 12%, 14.89% etc., preferred 6～10%, further preferred 8%.
Optional carrying out behind the said microwave de-enzyming of step of the present invention (3): the entering roller fixation machine carries out secondary and completes.
Said roller fixation built-in temperature is set at 60～160 ℃, for example temperature is set at 62 ℃, and 68 ℃, 75 ℃, 82 ℃, 96 ℃, 103 ℃, 118 ℃, 130 ℃, 142 ℃, 150 ℃, 158 ℃ etc., preferred 80～130 ℃, further preferred 115 ℃; The roller fixation time is 1～4.5min, 1.2min for example, 1.8min, 2.2min, 2.45min, 3min, 3.3min, 3.7min, 4.1min, 4.26min, 4.48min etc., preferred 2.5～4min, further preferred 3min.
Chrysanthemum according to the invention is selected from a kind of in good fortune feverfew, FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China, the tribute chrysanthemum, further preferred good fortune feverfew.The contained chrysanthemum of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China city, look sidelong at compositions such as cry of certain animals, amino acid and mcg vitamin.Cold nature, sweet-bitter flavor.Diffusing wind heat-clearing is arranged, clear liver and improve vision and the antiinflammation of detoxifying, can control diseases such as hypertension, antimigraine, acute conjunctivitis.As making beverage with the Hangzhou white chrysanthemum pickles, little sweet and fragrant, good merchantable brand especially.Each item effect of good fortune feverfew more is superior to FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China.The tribute chrysanthemum brews the back look clear yellow bright, sample sweetly to feel well the effect that has heat-clearing to dispel fire, clear liver and improve vision.
Traditional mode of heating mainly is to utilize conduction and convection current to come tealeaves is carried out frying, and it is that thermal source is heated to internal heat transfer from the tealeaves appearance, has inside and outside temperature difference and the problem wet, that direction of heat transfer is opposite.And microwave is fried the characteristics that tea can penetrate the inner heating of material and need not high temperature thermal medium; When being applied to Tea Processing; Fundamentally changed the conventional mode of heating that relies on high-temperature medium and heat exchange pattern heat temperature raising; Simultaneously, demonstrate the unique advantage of microwave because microwave electromagnetic field completing, having non-thermal effect in the dry run, has shortened process time greatly.
The microwave de-enzyming method that the present invention adopts completes than existing common heating, distillation, oven dry; Can effectively keep and contain volatile oil, flavones, chlorogenic acid, chrysanthemum glucoside, choline, amino acid, vitamin and enrich important drugs and nutritional labelings such as mineral element in spending; And improved sterilization effect, improved the quality and the quality of chrysanthemum processing, chrysanthemum completes evenly, thoroughly; The color of chrysanthemum, shape are constant basically; Effectively nutrition content is high, has kept the quality of chrysanthemum preferably, meets the quality requirement of the famous-brand and high-quality chrysanthemum of China.Economic benefit is also higher, and processing cost is per jin only about 0.5 yuan, but the sale price of market can be improved more than 10 times.This technology and equipment is realized automation control, and the chrysanthemum dry mass that completes was guaranteed, and has greatly improved working condition and the labour intensity of making the workman again; This technology becomes traditional fire coal (material) into utilizing electric energy simultaneously, both noiselessness, dust, and have sterilizing function, and sanitation and hygiene are processed for chrysanthemum and to have been created good environmental condition.
Microwave drying is different from the traditional drying mode, and its hot conduction orientation is identical with the moisture diffusion direction.Compare with the traditional drying mode; Have advantages such as rate of drying is big, energy-conservation, production efficiency is high, uniform drying, cleaner production, easy realization automation is controlled and improve the quality of products; With traditional drying mode (hot blast; Steam, electrical heating etc.) to compare, microwave drying has the following significantly characteristics of " high-quality, efficient, energy-saving and environmental protection ".The present invention has carried out macromethod and test on the basis of selecting the microwave drying mode for use, to the frequency of microwave equipment carried out reasonable setting (915～2450MHz), thus produced following beneficial effect.
1. realize the pollution-free and even dry of material, can significantly reduce baking temperature simultaneously;
2. rate of drying improves more than the several times usually, and production efficiency significantly improves;
3. energy consumption for drying reduces more than 50% usually;
4. realize safety clean production.
Down in the face of further explain of the present invention.But following instance only is a simple and easy example of the present invention, does not represent or limits rights protection scope of the present invention, and interest field of the present invention is as the criterion with claims.
The specific embodiment
For the present invention is described better, be convenient to understand technical scheme of the present invention, typical case of the present invention but non-restrictive example is following:
Embodiment one
Pick out at first that the complete nothing of flower is gone rotten, free of contamination good fortune feverfew, the good fortune feverfew of picking out at room temperature behind the airing 2h, is carried out microwave de-enzyming 3min, the microwave equipment frequency setting is 2450MHz; Behind the microwave de-enzyming good fortune feverfew entering roller fixation machine is carried out secondary and complete, the roller fixation built-in temperature is set at 60 ℃, and the roller fixation time is 3min.After completing the good fortune feverfew is cooled to 35 ℃, rubs repeatedly that to lead to leaf cell disorganization be 25%.Good fortune feverfew after rubbing is dried to water content 25%, after screening, check, packing, promptly get good fortune feverfew jasmine tea again.
Embodiment two
Pick out at first that the complete nothing of flower is gone rotten, free of contamination good fortune feverfew, the good fortune feverfew of picking out at room temperature behind the airing 3h, is carried out microwave de-enzyming 2.3min, the microwave equipment frequency setting is 1300MHz.After completing the good fortune feverfew is cooled to 42 ℃, rubs repeatedly that to lead to leaf cell disorganization be 38%.Good fortune feverfew after rubbing is dried to water content 8%, after screening, check, packing, promptly get good fortune feverfew jasmine tea again.
Embodiment three
Pick out at first that the complete nothing of flower is gone rotten, free of contamination FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China, the FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China of picking out at room temperature behind the airing 5h, is carried out microwave de-enzyming 1min, the microwave equipment frequency setting is 915MHz; Behind the microwave de-enzyming FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China is got into roller fixation machine and carry out secondary and complete, the roller fixation built-in temperature is set at 160 ℃, and the roller fixation time is 4.5min.After completing FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China is cooled to 50 ℃, rubs repeatedly that to lead to leaf cell disorganization be 45%.FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China after rubbing is dried to water content 5%, after screening, check, packing, promptly get FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China jasmine tea again.
Embodiment four
Pick out at first that the complete nothing of flower is gone rotten, free of contamination good fortune feverfew, the good fortune feverfew of picking out at room temperature behind the airing 2.5h, is carried out microwave de-enzyming 5min, the microwave equipment frequency setting is 1000MHz.After completing the good fortune feverfew is cooled to 38 ℃, rubs repeatedly that to lead to leaf cell disorganization be 50%.Good fortune feverfew after rubbing is dried to water content 10%, after screening, check, packing, promptly get good fortune feverfew jasmine tea again.
Embodiment five
Pick out at first that the complete nothing of flower is gone rotten, free of contamination tribute chrysanthemum, the tribute chrysanthemum that picks out at room temperature behind the airing 4.2h, is carried out microwave de-enzyming 2min, the microwave equipment frequency setting is 2000MHz; Behind the microwave de-enzyming tribute chrysanthemum entering roller fixation machine is carried out secondary and complete, the roller fixation built-in temperature is set at 80 ℃, and the roller fixation time is 2.5min.After completing the tribute chrysanthemum is cooled to 45 ℃, rubs repeatedly that to lead to leaf cell disorganization be 35%.Tribute chrysanthemum after rubbing is dried to water content 15%, after screening, check, packing, promptly get the tribute chrysanthemum tea again.
Embodiment six
Pick out at first that the complete nothing of flower is gone rotten, free of contamination tribute chrysanthemum, the tribute chrysanthemum that picks out at room temperature behind the airing 4h, is carried out microwave de-enzyming 2.5min, the microwave equipment frequency setting is 1430MHz; Behind the microwave de-enzyming tribute chrysanthemum entering roller fixation machine is carried out secondary and complete, the roller fixation built-in temperature is set at 115 ℃, and the roller fixation time is 1min.After completing the tribute chrysanthemum is cooled to 40 ℃, rubs repeatedly that to lead to leaf cell disorganization be 30%.Tribute chrysanthemum after rubbing is dried to water content 15%, after screening, check, packing, promptly get the tribute chrysanthemum tea again.
Embodiment seven
Pick out at first that the complete nothing of flower is gone rotten, free of contamination good fortune feverfew, the good fortune feverfew of picking out at room temperature behind the airing 3.5h, is carried out microwave de-enzyming 2.8min, the microwave equipment frequency setting is 2200MHz.After completing the good fortune feverfew is cooled to 40 ℃, rubs repeatedly that to lead to leaf cell disorganization be 43%.Good fortune feverfew after rubbing is dried to water content 6%, after screening, check, packing, promptly get good fortune feverfew jasmine tea again.
Embodiment eight
Pick out at first that the complete nothing of flower is gone rotten, free of contamination FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China, the FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China of picking out at room temperature behind the airing 2h, is carried out microwave de-enzyming 4min, the microwave equipment frequency setting is 1800MHz; Behind the microwave de-enzyming FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China is got into roller fixation machine and carry out secondary and complete, the roller fixation built-in temperature is set at 130 ℃, and the roller fixation time is 4min.After completing FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China is cooled to 48 ℃, rubs repeatedly that to lead to leaf cell disorganization be 30%.FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China after rubbing is dried to water content 8%, after screening, check, packing, promptly get FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China jasmine tea again.
Applicant's statement, the present invention explains processing method of the present invention through the foregoing description, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned procedure of processing, does not mean that promptly the present invention must rely on above-mentioned procedure of processing and could implement.The person of ordinary skill in the field should understand, and to any improvement of the present invention, to the interpolation of the equivalence replacement of raw material that the present invention selects for use and auxiliary element, the selection of concrete mode etc., all drops within protection scope of the present invention and the open scope.
The present invention is on the basis of selecting the microwave drying mode for use; Macromethod and test have been carried out; The frequency of microwave equipment has been carried out reasonable setting (915～2450MHz); Effective nutritional labeling of the chrysanthemum tea of producing is compared with traditional diamond-making technique and is improved more than 22%, also has taken great strides in one's progress with the microwave processing compared with techniques of reporting before.Chrysanthemum tea has good high-grade jasmine tea color and luster characteristic, and moisture is lower by 10% than the tealeaves of conventional method processing simultaneously, and water extraction content has increased by 10%, and this quality that proves absolutely the chrysanthemum tea that utilizes microwave processing technology of the present invention processing is improved.
Claims (8)
1. chrysanthemum tea microwave processing method may further comprise the steps:
(1) at first picks bright chrysanthemum;
(2) the bright chrysanthemum airing at room temperature that will pick out;
(3) the bright chrysanthemum after the airing carries out microwave de-enzyming, and the microwave equipment frequency setting is 915～2450MHz;
(4) chrysanthemum is cooled to 35～50 ℃ after completing, rubs repeatedly;
(5) chrysanthemum after will rubbing dry to water content less than 25%, chrysanthemum tea again gets product after screening, check, packing.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, said step (1) picks out that the complete nothing of flower is gone rotten, free of contamination bright chrysanthemum; The bright chrysanthemum that step (2) will be picked out is airing 2～5h at room temperature, preferred 2.5～4.2h, further preferred 3h.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 method is characterized in that the frequency of said step (3) microwave equipment is preferably set to 1000～2000MHz, further is preferably set to 1300MHz; Fixation time is 1～5min, preferred 1～3min, further preferred 2.3min.
4. like the described method of one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that said step (4) preferably is cooled to 38～45 ℃ with chrysanthemum, further preferred 42 ℃; Rub repeatedly to lead and reach 25～50% to leaf cell disorganization, preferred 35～45%, further preferred 38%.
5. like the described method of one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, said step (5) with chrysanthemum dry to water content be 5～15%, preferred 6～10%, further preferred 8%.
6. like the described method of one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that optional carrying out behind the said microwave de-enzyming of step (3): the entering roller fixation machine carries out secondary and completes.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, said roller fixation built-in temperature is set at 60～160 ℃, preferred 80～130 ℃, and further preferred 115.℃; The roller fixation time is 1～4.5min, preferred 2.5～4min, further preferred 3min.
8. like the described method of one of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that said chrysanthemum is selected from a kind of in good fortune feverfew, FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China, the tribute chrysanthemum, further preferred good fortune feverfew.
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| CN106615292A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 梧州市雅正农业科技有限公司 | Preparation method of tea |
| CN106615472A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 全椒贡菊园茶厂 | Fixation treatment method of chrysanthemum buds |
| CN107897430A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-04-13 | 桐乡市菊星杭白菊有限公司 | A kind of chrysanthemum dehydrates processing method |
| CN108324749A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-07-27 | 哈尔滨快好药业有限公司 | A kind of Chinese medicine composition and its preparation method and application for treating acne |
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