CN103104905A - 冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉 - Google Patents
冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103104905A CN103104905A CN2011104056286A CN201110405628A CN103104905A CN 103104905 A CN103104905 A CN 103104905A CN 2011104056286 A CN2011104056286 A CN 2011104056286A CN 201110405628 A CN201110405628 A CN 201110405628A CN 103104905 A CN103104905 A CN 103104905A
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- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开一种冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，包括锅炉，锅炉主要包括潜热复合换热器、显热复合换热器、对流段和辐射段，在对流段后分别安装潜热复合换热段和显热复合换热段；首先带压软化除氧水依次经过潜热复合换热段和显热复合换热段，然后通过给水泵将压力提高，并进入锅炉的对流段，最后经过辐射段将蒸汽注入地下；烟气依次通过辐射段、对流段、潜热复合换热段和显热复合换热段，最后通过烟囱向大气排出。使用本发明通过在对流段后加装潜热复合换热段和显热复合换热段，有效地降低锅炉排烟温度，并使得烟气中的水蒸气冷凝。由于其采用复合铝翅片管，不仅使得烟气换热面积增加，而且有效地避免呈弱酸性的冷凝水对换热段的腐蚀，提高换热段的寿命。
Description
冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种冷凝式锅炉的技术领域，尤其涉及一种冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉的技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 冷凝式锅炉发轫于欧洲。德国、荷兰、英国、奥地利等国家于上世纪70年代，开发家用冷凝式锅炉，到80年代末期90年代初期，韩国率先将冷凝式锅炉应用在大中型工业锅炉上，冷凝式锅炉除了具有传统锅炉的共性之外，更是制热机理的大胆革命与突破。在一些能源利用率较高的欧美国家，燃气冷凝式余热回收的热水锅炉其热效率高达103%以上，此外在烟气中的CO2和NOx等有害成分也大大降低，这对环保来说是非常有利的。
[0003] 国内油田稠油开采已有20余年，现趋向于特、超稠油的开采，而蒸汽辅助采油是较成熟的手段，因此油田用热力采油的注汽锅炉作为生产高温、高压蒸汽的特种设备，在油田稠油注采设备中起重要作用，同时也是稠油开采的耗能设备，其能耗占开采总成本的60%以上。目前，针对提高湿蒸汽发生器的热效率采取了一些措施，主要包括控制空气过剩量来减少排烟热损失、改善辐射段的传热效果和通过SGR型热管换热器来回收烟气部分显热达到提高热效率的目的，但注汽锅炉的实际热效率最多也就85%左右。其主要原因是因为排烟的显热损失较大，潜热未得到利用。
[0004] 油田注汽锅炉是为注蒸汽热采而开发的专门设计的一种新型工业锅炉，传统的油田注汽锅炉由控制系统、燃烧系统、给水系统、辐射段、对流段和给水预热器等组成。图1是传统注汽锅炉的示意图，请参见图1所示。传统的注汽锅炉的水流程为从水处理来的带压软化除氧水经过给水泵2把压力提高(通常都在> 15MPa)，然后依次通过锅炉I的给水预热器3外侧、对流段4，再进入预热段3内侧，最后经过辐射段5，将合格的蒸汽注入地下。烟气流程为首先通过锅炉I的辐射段5再经过对流段4，通过烟囱排向大气，其中，温度一般都在 > 180°C。
[0005] 作为高压部件的给水预热器3作用是提高带压软化除氧水进入锅炉I对流段4的温度，一般带压软化除氧水的温度都很低，有的可能处出现低于10°c的情况，如果带压软化除氧水温度太低进入锅炉I对流段4，就会造成锅炉I对流段4的表面温度太低，对流段4翅片管表面冷凝，容易出现集灰现象，同时，冷凝水呈弱酸性，长时间会造成碳钢炉管的腐蚀。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的在于提供一种冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，以解决现有传统注汽锅炉排烟温度高，天然气燃料能源利用率低，以及弱酸性冷凝水对锅炉炉管腐蚀的问题。
[0007] 为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其中，包括锅炉，所述锅炉主要包括有潜热复合换热器、显热复合换热器、对流段和辐射段，所述锅炉的对流段后面分别安装一潜热复合换热段和一显热复合换热段；首先带压软化除氧水依次经过所述潜热复合换热段和所述显热复合换热段，然后带压软化除氧水通过所述给水泵将压力提高，并进入所述锅炉的对流段，最后经过所述辐射段将带压软化除氧水转化为湿饱和蒸汽注入地下；同时，烟气依次通过所述辐射段、所述对流段、所述潜热复合换热段和所述显热复合换热段，最后通过所述锅炉的烟囱向大气排出。
[0008] 上述冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其中，所述潜热复合换热段采用复合铝翅片管，以提高烟气换热面积，同时，避免呈弱酸性的冷凝水对所述潜热复合换热段进行腐蚀。
[0009] 上述冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其中，所述显热复合换热段采用复合铝翅片管，以提高烟气换热面积，同时，避免呈弱酸性的冷凝水对所述显热复合换热段进行腐蚀。
[0010] 上述冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其中，通过所述潜热复合换热段和所述显热复合换热段将经过的所述锅炉中的烟气的排烟温度降低至50°c左右。
[0011] 上述冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其中，通过所述潜热复合换热段和所述显热复合换热段将经过所述对流段的带压软化除氧水的温度提高至60°c以上，以省去传统锅炉高压部件的给水预热器。
[0012] 上述冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其中，所述潜热复合换热段的下方设置有一冷凝水箱，所述冷凝水箱中的冷凝水呈弱酸性。
[0013] 本发明由于采用了上述技术，使之与现有技术相比具有的积极效果是:
(I)通过在锅炉对流段后加装潜热复合换热段和显热复合换热段，省去传统锅炉高压部件给水预热器，有效地降低锅炉排烟温度，同时，使得烟气中的水蒸气冷凝。
[0014] (2)通过潜热复合换热段和显热复合换热段采用复合铝翅片管，使得烟气换热面积增加，同时，有效地避免呈弱酸性的冷凝水对换热段的腐蚀，提高换热段的寿命。
[0015] (3)提高天然气燃料能源的利用率。
附图说明
[0016] 图1是传统注汽锅炉的示意图；
图2是本发明冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉的示意图。
具体实施方式
[0017] 以下结合附图给出本发明冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉的具体实施方式。
[0018] 图2为本发明冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉的示意图，请参见图2所示。本发明的冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，包括有一锅炉1，该锅炉I包括有潜热复合换热器、显热复合换热器、对流段4、给水泵2和辐射段5。在锅炉I上加装的潜热复合换热段7和显热复合换热段8分别加装在对流段4后。由此锅炉I的水流程为:从水处理来的带压软化除氧水依次经过潜热复合换热段7和显热复合换热段8，接着该带压软化除氧水通过给水泵2，给水泵2具体的可为一柱塞泵，给水泵2将带压软化除氧水的压力提高，通常都在> 15MPa，然后再进入锅炉I的对流段4，最后经过锅炉I的辐射段5，将带压软化除氧水转化为湿饱和蒸汽注入地下。与此同时，锅炉I的烟气的流程为:烟气依次通过锅炉I的辐射段5、接着通过对流段4，然后在经过潜热复合换热段7和显热复合换热段8，最后通过锅炉I的烟®向大气排出。[0019] 本发明在上述基础上还具有如下实施方式:
本发明的第一实施例中，请参见图2所示。加装于锅炉I对流段4后面的潜热复合换热段7和显热复合换热段8均采用复合铝翅片管，以此提高烟气的换热面积，而且还有效地防止呈弱酸性的冷凝水对潜热复合换热段7和显热复合换热段8进行腐蚀，提高其使用寿命O
[0020] 本发明的第二实施例中，通过潜热复合换热段7和显热复合换热段8来吸收锅炉I尾部排烟中的显热和水蒸气凝结释放的潜热，能够有效地将排烟温度降低至50°C左右，同时，将经过锅炉I对流段4的带压软化除氧水的温度提高至60°C以上。使其比传统注汽锅炉热效率提高11%左右，不仅充分回收了烟气中的显热和水蒸气的凝结潜热，而且降低了烟气中的CO2和NOx等有害成分，有效地保护了环境。
[0021 ] 本发明的第三实施例中，在潜热复合换热段7的下方还设置有一冷凝水箱(图中未示出)，该冷凝水箱中的冷凝水呈弱酸性，PH值在6左右，以起到中和处理外排或加以利用的作用。
[0022] 通过计算目前国内燃气注汽锅炉燃烧后的烟气露点温度小于等于60°C，一般在55°C左右。当带压软化除氧水温度提高至60°C以上进入对流段以后，对流段翅片管就不可能出现冷凝，所以取消了高压部件给水预热器的使用。
[0023] 综上所述，使用本发明冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，通过在锅炉对流段后加装潜热复合换热段和显热复合换热段，省去传统锅炉高压部件给水预热器，有效地降低锅炉排烟温度，同时，使得烟气中的水蒸气冷凝。由于潜热复合换热段和显热复合换热段采用复合铝翅片管，不仅使得烟气换热面积增加，而且有效地避免呈弱酸性的冷凝水对换热段的腐蚀，提闻换热段的寿命。
[0024] 以上所述为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其特征在于，包括锅炉，所述锅炉包括潜热复合换热器、显热复合换热器、对流段和辐射段，在所述锅炉的对流段后面分别安装一潜热复合换热段和一显热复合换热段；首先带压软化除氧水依次经过所述潜热复合换热段和所述显热复合换热段，然后带压软化除氧水通过所述给水泵将压力提高，并进入所述锅炉的对流段，最后经过所述辐射段将带压软化除氧水转化为湿饱和蒸汽注入地下；同时，烟气依次通过所述辐射段、所述对流段、所述潜热复合换热段和所述显热复合换热段，最后通过所述锅炉的烟囱向大气排出。
2.根据权利要求1所述冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其特征在于，所述潜热复合换热段采用复合铝翅片管，以提高烟气换热面积，同时，避免呈弱酸性的冷凝水对所述潜热复合换热段进行腐蚀。
3.根据权利要求1所述冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其特征在于，所述显热复合换热段采用复合铝翅片管，以提高烟气换热面积，同时，避免呈弱酸性的冷凝水对所述显热复合换热段进行腐蚀。
4.根据权利要求1所述冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其特征在于，通过所述潜热复合换热段和所述显热复合换热段将经过的所述锅炉中的烟气的排烟温度降低。
5.根据权利要求1所述冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其特征在于，通过所述潜热复合换热段和所述显热复合换热段将经过所述对流段的带压软化除氧水的温度提高至60°C以上。
6.根据权利要求1所述冷凝式燃气油田注汽锅炉，其特征在于，所述潜热复合换热段的下方设置有一冷凝水箱，所述冷凝水箱中的冷凝水呈弱酸性。
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