WO2011020333A1 - 烟气余热回收系统 - Google Patents

烟气余热回收系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011020333A1
WO2011020333A1 PCT/CN2010/071850 CN2010071850W WO2011020333A1 WO 2011020333 A1 WO2011020333 A1 WO 2011020333A1 CN 2010071850 W CN2010071850 W CN 2010071850W WO 2011020333 A1 WO2011020333 A1 WO 2011020333A1
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Prior art keywords
phase change
flue gas
air
heat exchanger
section
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PCT/CN2010/071850
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯友福
杨龙
马耀辉
王晓鹏
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深圳中兴科杨节能环保股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2011020333A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011020333A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
    • F23L15/045—Arrangements of recuperators using intermediate heat-transfer fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/001—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for thermal power plants or industrial processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flue gas waste heat recovery energy-saving system, in particular to a flue gas waste heat recovery system which uses the residual heat of the flue gas of the boiler tail to heat the cold air.
  • the function of the heater is to increase the inlet air temperature entering the air preheater to reduce the low temperature corrosion caused by condensation and ash caused by a large amount of cold air directly entering the heated surface of the air preheater.
  • the heater is usually installed in the air inlet of the air preheater, and the air is preheated by the extraction or exhaust of the steam turbine.
  • the extraction or exhaust steam requires a large amount of steam, which will cause energy waste.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to effectively utilize the residual heat of the flue gas at the tail of the boiler to replace the conventional warm air heater, and it is necessary to use steam extraction or exhaust steam as a heat source to avoid wasting energy.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to effectively utilize the high temperature flue gas heat energy at the tail of the boiler. At the same time, avoid boiler corrosion by low temperature.
  • the present invention provides a flue gas waste heat recovery system including a phase change heat exchanger, wherein the phase change heat exchanger includes a phase change upper section and a phase change lower section, and further includes a phase installation phase a self-control device of the heat exchanger, wherein the phase change upper section of the phase change heat is disposed in an air passage before the air preheater inlet, and the phase change lower section of the phase change heat is disposed in a flue gas passage Inside, the air flow in the upper phase of the phase change entering the phase change heat is regulated by the automatic control device.
  • the invention utilizes a flue gas waste heat recovery system.
  • the phase change upper section of the phase change heat device is disposed in the air passage before the inlet of the air preheater, the lower phase of the phase change is disposed in the flue gas passage, and the use of the smoke is realized.
  • the residual heat of the gas enters the air in the upper stage of the phase change of the phase changer, that is, the phase change heater does not need to extract steam to heat the air, saves the heat source, effectively utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas, and reduces the pollution to the atmosphere.
  • the automatic control device can adjust the air flow rate of the upper phase of the phase change entering the phase change heat device, the temperature of the heating surface of the air preheater and the phase change heat device is always higher than the flue gas acid dew point, and the air preheating is avoided. Low temperature corrosion occurs in the heat exchanger and the phase change heat exchanger.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view showing a preferred embodiment of a flue gas waste heat recovery system of the present invention. detailed description
  • the flue gas waste heat recovery system of the present invention mainly uses the flue gas waste heat at the tail of the boiler to heat the cold air, but is not limited to heating the cold air by using only the residual heat of the flue gas at the tail of the boiler.
  • the flue gas waste heat recovery system includes a phase change heat exchanger 2 and an automatic control device 100 installed in the phase change heat exchanger 2.
  • the phase change heat exchanger 2 includes a phase change lower section 3 and a phase change upper section 9.
  • the phase change lower section 3 communicates with the phase change upper section 9 through the vapor riser 30 and the liquid downcomer 40.
  • the phase change lower section 3 is disposed in the flue gas passage 12 of an air preheater 1 so that the flue gas entering the flue gas passage 12 exchanges heat with the phase change lower section 3.
  • the phase change upper section 9 is disposed in the air passage 14 before the inlet of the air preheater 1 so that the outdoor cold air entering the air passage 14 exchanges heat with the phase change upper section 9.
  • the phase change lower section 3 comprises a phase change section lower header 4, a phase change section upper header 7 and a plurality of heat exchange tubes 5 located in the phase change section lower header 4 and the phase change section upper header 7 , each heat exchange
  • the tube 5 is filled with a phase change working medium such as water.
  • the heat exchange tube 5 employs a spiral finned tube structure.
  • heat exchange tube 5 The structure is not limited to this, and other structural forms may be adopted as long as the phase change working medium in the heat exchange tube 5 and the flue gas and air outside the heat exchange tube 5 can be effectively exchanged.
  • a wall temperature sensor 6 is mounted on the wall surface of the outermost heat exchange tube 5 of the phase change lower section 3 of the phase change heat exchanger 2, and the wall temperature sensor 6 transmits its temperature signal to the automatic control device 100. Signal input.
  • the signal of the wall temperature sensor 6 can be adjusted by the automatic control device 100 to the air flow entering the phase change upper segment 9, so that the wall temperature of the phase change lower segment 3 is adjusted by the amount of air flow flowing through the phase change upper segment 9, The control of the wall temperature of the lower section 3 of the phase change is realized.
  • An air passage bypass 10 is further disposed in the air passage 14 before the inlet of the air preheater 1, and is located between the outermost and innermost heat exchange tubes 5 of the phase change upper section 9 of the phase change heat exchanger 2.
  • An air passage bypass regulating valve 11 is disposed on the air passage bypass 10, which communicates outdoor cold air with the air passage 14 of the air preheater 1 through the air passage bypass 10, that is, the outdoor part of the air may not pass through
  • the phase change upper section 9 of the phase change heat exchanger 2 directly enters the air passage 14 of the air preheater 1.
  • the control signal of the air passage bypass regulating valve 11 is from the signal output terminal of the automatic control device 100.
  • the working process of the flue gas waste heat recovery system of the present invention is as follows: First, the flue gas waste heat from the tail of the boiler flue enters the flue gas passage 12 of the air preheater 1 and enters the phase change lower section 3 of the phase change heat exchanger 2, The heat exchange tube 5 in the lower stage 3 of the phase change is sufficiently exchanged. The phase change of the heat exchange tube 5 of the lower stage 3 causes the phase change working medium in the heat exchange tube 5 to change from a liquid state to a vapor state due to absorption of waste heat of the flue gas. At this time, the residual heat of the flue gas is lowered by heat exchange with the heat exchange tube 5 and the temperature is lowered. .
  • the flue gas residual heat whose temperature is obviously reduced is then connected to the precipitator after the phase change of the lower stage 3; then, the vapor in the lower stage 3 of the phase change enters the phase change upper section 9 of the phase change heatr 2 along the steam riser 30, while the steam It becomes condensed water due to exotherm and returns to the phase change lower section 3 along the liquid downcomer 40; at this time, the air passage 14 entering the air preheater 1 is from the outdoor cold air and the phase change upper section having a higher temperature 9 Contact and heat exchange, the cold air is heated, the heated air passes through the air preheater 1, or enters the ventilation duct of the boiler, or enters other pipelines for use.
  • the whole heat exchange process of the phase change lower section 3 and the phase change upper section 9 of the phase change heat exchanger 2 is a phase change process in which the phase change working medium undergoes evaporation and condensation, and the phase change work medium undergoes a phase change state under a certain pressure.
  • the temperature is constant.
  • the heat transfer surface temperature of the heat exchange tube 5 is approximately equal to the phase transition temperature. Therefore, the phase temperature of the phase change lower section 3 of the phase change heat exchanger 2 is in an overall adjustable state.
  • the phase change lower section 3 of the phase change heat exchanger 2 Since the phase change lower section 3 of the phase change heat exchanger 2 is equipped with the wall temperature sensor 6 , it can adjust the wall temperature of the phase change lower section 3 by the automatic control device 100 to ensure that the wall temperature of the phase change lower section 3 is always higher than the flue gas.
  • the acid dew point That is to say, when the wall temperature of the phase change lower section 3 is lower than the acid dew point of the flue gas, the air passage bypass 10 can be used.
  • the air passage bypass regulating valve 11 regulates the air flow entering the phase change upper section 9 to control the wall temperature of the phase change lower section 3 to ensure that it is always higher than the acid dew point of the flue gas, and avoids the phase change heat exchanger 2 and the air.
  • the preheater 1 is corroded by low temperature.
  • phase change heat exchanger 2 replaces the conventional warm air heater, and the heat source for heating the air of the phase change heat exchanger 2 is derived from the waste heat of the flue gas at the tail of the boiler,
  • the phase change heat exchanger 2 does not need to obtain a heat source by steam extraction of a conventional warm air heater, which not only saves energy, but also effectively utilizes the residual heat of the flue gas at the tail of the boiler, killing two birds with one stone.
  • phase change heat exchanger 2 in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, that is, any other device or device that can satisfy the heat exchange condition.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Description

烟气余热回收系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种烟气余热回收节能系统，特别是指一种利用锅炉尾部烟气 余热加热冷空气的烟气余热回收系统。 背景技术
众所周知，锅炉尾部烟道排出的高温烟气如果直接排向大气， 不仅污染环 境， 而且不能满足目前对锅炉节能方面的要求。 于是， 如何有效利用锅炉尾部 烟道排出的高温烟气，提供一种节能环保型锅炉已经成为本领域业界人士关心 的问题。
然而，对高温烟气进行降温对其热量有效利用的同时，还要考虑锅炉设备 中的低温腐蚀问题。
由于设置在锅炉尾部的空气预热器等低温受热面的结露问题是造成锅炉 设备低温腐蚀的主要因素， 因此， 要解决这部分尾部受热面的结露问题， 就必 须提高受热面的壁面温度。通常通过采用提高排烟温度或者进风温度的办法减 轻锅炉设备中受热面低温腐蚀问题，但是这样会造成一定的能源浪费。尤其在 我国北方冬季，在锅炉进风温度较低的情况下，大部分锅炉就必需配备暖风器。
暖风器的作用是为提高进入空气预热器的进风温度而设置的，以减少由于 大量冷风直接进入空气预热器的受热面造成结露、 积灰而产生的低温腐蚀问 题。 暖风器通常设置于空气预热器进口风道中， 利用汽轮机的抽汽或排汽对空 气进行预热， 而抽汽或排汽需要大量蒸汽， 会造成能源浪费。
由此可见， 需要提供一种新型的用于锅炉的节能环保系统， 可以对锅炉尾 部烟道的烟气余热进行有效利用，同时还能有效改善锅炉设备中的低温腐蚀问 题。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何有效利用锅炉尾部烟气余热以取代传 统暖风器需要利用汽轮机抽汽或排汽作为热源， 避免浪费能源。
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题是在有效利用锅炉尾部高温烟气热能的 同时， 避免锅炉设备被低温腐蚀。
为了解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供一种利用烟气余热回收系统， 包括一 相变换热器， 所述相变换热器包括一相变上段及一相变下段，还包括一安装于 相变换热器的自控装置，所述相变换热器的相变上段设置在一空气预热器进口 前的空气通道内， 所述相变换热器的相变下段设置在一烟气通道内， 进入相变 换热器的相变上段的空气流量通过自控装置进行调节。
本发明利用烟气余热回收系统中，一方面， 由于相变换热器的相变上段设 置在空气预热器进口前的空气通道内，其相变下段设置在烟气通道内， 实现利 用烟气余热加热进入相变换热器相变上段的空气，即相变换热器无需额外抽取 蒸汽加热空气， 节省热源， 有效利用烟气余热， 且减少对大气的污染。
另一方面，由于自控装置能够对进入相变换热器的相变上段的空气流量进 行调节，保证空气预热器及相变换热器受热面温度始终高于烟气酸露点，避免 空气预热器及相变换热器发生低温腐蚀。 附图说明
图 1是本发明烟气余热回收系统的一较佳实施例的平面结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的烟气余热回收系统的结构进行说明。
请参阅图 1 , 本发明的烟气余热回收系统主要是利用锅炉尾部的烟气余热 加热冷空气， 但不限于仅是利用锅炉尾部的烟气余热加热冷空气。
所述烟气余热回收系统包括一相变换热器 2及安装于相变换热器 2的自控 装置 100。
所述相变换热器 2包括一相变下段 3与一相变上段 9。 所述相变下段 3通 过蒸汽上升管 30及液体下降管 40与相变上段 9连通。所述相变下段 3设置于 一空气预热器 1的烟气通道 12内， 以便进入烟气通道 12的烟气与相变下段 3 进行热交换。所述相变上段 9设置于该空气预热器 1进口前的空气通道 14内， 以便进入空气通道 14的室外冷空气与相变上段 9进行热交换。
所述相变下段 3包括一相变段下联箱 4、 相变段上联箱 7及位于相变段下 联箱 4与相变段上联箱 7内的若干换热管 5 , 每一换热管 5内充有相变工作介 质， 如水等。 在本实施例中， 换热管 5采用螺旋翅片管结构。 但是， 换热管 5 的结构不受此限制， 其还可采用其他结构形式， 只要能实现换热管 5内的相变 工作介质与换热管 5外的烟气及空气进行有效换热即可。
所述相变换热器 2的相变下段 3的最外侧换热管 5的壁面上安装一壁温测 感仪 6, 所述壁温测感仪 6将其温度信号传至自控装置 100的信号输入端。 所 述壁温测感仪 6的信号可以通过自控装置 100对进入相变上段 9的空气流量进 行调节，从而通过流经相变上段 9的空气流量的多少来调节相变下段 3的壁温， 实现对相变下段 3壁温的控制。
所述空气预热器 1进口前的空气通道 14中还设有一空气道旁路 10, 其位 于相变换热器 2相变上段 9的最外侧与最内侧的换热管 5之间。所述空气道旁 路 10上设置一空气道旁路调节阀 11 , 其将室外冷空气与所述空气预热器 1的 空气通道 14通过空气道旁路 10连通，即室外部分空气可以不经过相变换热器 2的相变上段 9直接进入空气预热器 1的空气通道 14中。 所述空气道旁路调 节阀 11的控制信号来自自控装置 100的信号输出端。
本发明烟气余热回收系统的工作过程如下所述： 首先，锅炉烟道尾部的烟 气余热进入空气预热器 1的烟气通道 12, 并进入相变换热器 2的相变下段 3 , 与相变下段 3内的换热管 5进行充分的热交换。相变下段 3的换热管 5由于吸 收烟气余热而使换热管 5内的相变工作介质由液态变为汽态， 此时， 烟气余热 因与换热管 5热交换而温度降低。 温度明显被降低的烟气余热再经相变下段 3 后接入除尘器； 接着， 相变下段 3内的蒸汽顺着蒸汽上升管 30进入相变换热 器 2的相变上段 9, 同时蒸汽因放热而变为冷凝水并沿着液体下降管 40回流 到相变下段 3; 此时， 进入空气预热器 1的空气通道 14的来自室外冷空气与 具有较高温度的相变上段 9接触并热交换， 冷空气即被加热，加热后的空气经 空气预热器 1之后， 或进入锅炉的通风管道内， 或进入其它管路内已便它用。
上述相变换热器 2的相变下段 3与相变上段 9的整个换热过程，就是相变 工作介质发生蒸发与冷凝的相变过程，而相变工作介质在一定压力下相变状况 的温度是恒定的。此时，相变换热器 2的相变下段 3与相变上段 9在相变状况 下， 换热管 5受热面温度近似等于相变温度。 故， 相变换热器 2的相变下段 3 的壁温处于整体可调节的状态。
由于相变换热器 2的相变下段 3安装有壁温测感仪 6, 其能通过自控装置 100对相变下段 3的壁温调节，保证相变下段 3的壁温始终高于烟气的酸露点。 即是说， 当相变下段 3的壁温低于烟气的酸露点时， 可以借助空气道旁路 10 的空气道旁路调节阀 11调节进入相变上段 9的空气流量， 实现对相变下段 3 的壁温进行控制，保证其始终高于烟气的酸露点，避免相变换热器 2与空气预 热器 1受低温腐蚀。
相比于现有技术，本发明实施例中，由于相变换热器 2取代传统的暖风器， 且相变换热器 2用于加热空气的热源来自于锅炉尾部的烟气余热，即相变换热 器 2无需像传统的暖风器通过汽轮机抽汽获得热源， 不仅节省能源，且对锅炉 尾部的烟气余热有效利用， 一举两得。
可以理解的，本发明实施例中的相变换热器 2的具体结构不受本实施例的 限制， 即只要能满足热交换条件的其他设备或装置均可。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施案例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域 的技术人员来说， 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之 内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种烟气余热回收系统， 包括一相变换热器， 所述相变换热器包括一 相变上段及一相变下段，其特征在于：还包括一安装于相变换热器的自控装置， 所述相变换热器的相变上段设置在一空气预热器进口前的空气通道内，所述相 变换热器的相变下段设置在一烟气通道内，进入相变换热器的相变上段的空气 流量通过自控装置进行调节。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的烟气余热回收系统， 其特征在于： 所述相变下 段安装有一壁温测试仪，所述壁温测试仪的信号通过自控装置对进入相变换热 器的相变上段的空气流量进行调节。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的烟气余热回收系统， 其特征在于： 所述相变换 热器的相变下段包括一相变段下联箱、一相变段上联箱及位于相变段下联箱与 相变段上联箱的若干换热管， 所述壁温测试仪安装于换热管上。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的烟气余热回收系统， 其特征在于： 所述相变换 热器的相变上段、位于空气预热器的空气通道内设有一空气道旁路， 所述空气 道旁路上安装一调节阀， 所述调节阀与自控装置连通， 流经所述相变换热器的 相变上段的空气流量通过自控装置及调节阀调节。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的烟气余热回收系统， 其特征在于： 所述空气道 旁路设置于所述相变换热器的相变上段的最外侧与最内侧之间。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的烟气余热回收系统， 其特征在于： 所述壁温测 试仪与自控装置连通，所述壁温测试仪的信号通过自控装置对进入相变换热器 的相变上段的空气流量进行调节。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 6中任意一项所述的烟气余热回收系统， 其特征在 于： 所述烟气通道是一设置在锅炉尾部的烟气通道， 所述相变换热器的相变下 段设置在锅炉尾部的烟气通道内。
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