CN103097831A - System and method for the articulated attachment of solar reflector elements to supporting structures - Google Patents
System and method for the articulated attachment of solar reflector elements to supporting structures Download PDFInfo
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- CN103097831A CN103097831A CN2011800375505A CN201180037550A CN103097831A CN 103097831 A CN103097831 A CN 103097831A CN 2011800375505 A CN2011800375505 A CN 2011800375505A CN 201180037550 A CN201180037550 A CN 201180037550A CN 103097831 A CN103097831 A CN 103097831A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/20—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for linear movement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/70—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules with means for adjusting the final position or orientation of supporting elements in relation to each other or to a mounting surface; with means for compensating mounting tolerances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
- F16B43/02—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts with special provisions for engaging surfaces which are not perpendicular to a bolt axis or do not surround the bolt
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/17—Spherical joints
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32951—Transverse pin or stud
Abstract
The present invention relates to a system for the articulated attachment between a reflector element used in a solar thermal concentration collector and its supporting structure. The system allows the attachment between the reflector mirror and the supporting structure in all its anchoring points without there being stresses of any type due to angular deviations on the reflector. It comprises a main body of attachment (2) intended for being fixed on the face of the reflector element (13) opposite the face of incidence of solar radiation, comprising a hole (14) intended for receiving a male fixing element (3), and adaptable joint means which allow the free rotation in space of the attachment between the reflector element (13) and the supporting structure.; The adaptable joint means comprise a through hole (15) intended for allowing the passage therethrough of a threaded rod (3) having a first end for fixing in the hole of the main body of attachment (2) and a second end for receiving a nut or threaded female part intended for rigidly fixing the entire reflector element (13) and supporting structure assembly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the radial type connected system of a kind of solar reflector element and supporting construction.On the one hand this system guarantees the immobility (continuity and permanent) of room and time during the power in system at the life period resistant function of reflector element, while flexible balance of assurance time in the processing procedure of reflector element being fixed and anchored to supporting construction, the stress that obtains when its minimum reflected device element keeps it on the equilbrium position of loosening, and therefore kept the concentrated characteristic of its optics.
Reflector element in the power field that this radial type connected system may be used on concentrating by solar radiation is connected with supporting construction.
Background technology
The technology that comprises the present invention is called as the solar heat concentration techniques, the high temperature that obtains during due to concentrated solar radiation, and the vapours that its permission obtains or air are used for the generating according to conventional method.
From the different modification by the solar radiation centralized power generation, the use of retaining element object of the present invention is quite favourable to parabolic type groove (PTC) technology.
In the context of the present invention, the grooved geometry is to represent the surface that formed by parallel lines and at any point on surface and the consecutive curve of determining perpendicular to its crossing on the same level.Under specific circumstances, the cross section of wherein mentioning has defined a roughly parabolic curve, can say that it has a parabolic type groove geometry.
Parabolic type groove utilization collector, this collector is caught solar radiation by a series of reflectors with parabolic type slot cross-section, and described parabolic type slot cross-section focuses on sunray on the receiving tube that is positioned at the reflector focal line.When working fluid flow through this pipe and is heated, to the last its transfer of heat was to boiler or accumulating system.Reflector and receiving tube (also referred to as absorber tube) all are assembled on metal structure, and this metal structure provides rigidity for system and allows to carry out around rotating shaft follows the tracks of sun's motion to optimize incident radiation.The assembly that is formed by reflector, absorber tube, supporting construction and tracking system is called as solar thermal collector.
The reflector that is used for the seizure radiation must have concentrating of high geometric accuracy in its manufacturing, and this is by the reflector inherent characteristic definition that is called as the intercept coefficient.The intercept coefficient is defined as being present in the ratio of reflector between the gross energy of the energy that reflects on absorber tube and irradiation reflector, represents with percentage.
The collector of solar energy cluster is an accurate system, the structure of assembling therein capture systems must have enough positioning accuracies and make when assembling reflector and absorber tube, its position respect to one another can be as far as possible near theoretical position, and the intercept coefficient that has of the reflector that therefore keeps having made.
Yet reflector is at the setting on supporting construction and the fixing percentage that does not guarantee the solar radiation of reflecting on the absorber tube by the intercept Coefficient Definition of reflector, in case but the hypothesis assembling process finishes to have inevitable intercept loss.Described intercept loss is more or less important, and this depends on manufacturing and assembly precision, the surface quality of reflector and the quality of connection between reflector and structure of metal structure.
This makes the technique that is necessary with expensive make and the assembling metal structure, and the precision of assurance minimum even so intercept loss is still inevitable.Similarly, the parameter that is connected to become a key in the reflector manufacturing process between reflector and structure, it needs very high assembly precision, and this makes them near the limit of rational technique and needs very expensive quality control.
Catching solar radiation is collector with the functional part that generates solar thermal energy.Because this industry has in recent years experienced huge development, various collector design have appearred, and the some of them example can be referring to file ES2274710A1 and ES2326303A1.
Although the collector types used take parabolic type groove technology as the basis of building in factory at present and operating has different variants, has identical essential characteristic.The general use length of each collector is in the scope of 100 meters and 150 meters.Conversely, it is generally 12 meters long modules that each collector is subdivided into, and it forms constructive unit in assembling process.Each module is comprised of following primary element:
-parabolic type groove reflector: solar radiation direct irradiation reflector, reflector are with its reflection and concentrate on the parabolical focal line of extruding.The reflector of multiple variation has different materials, as plastics, glass, metal ... yet, till now, proved its validity and what use at the reflector that field of solar energy business is used is glass substrate.A Typical Disposition of Parabolic solar reflector is a monolithic or laminated glazing, and heat treatment is not essential, 4 or 5 millimeters thick, and have general 1700 millimeters development sizes that multiply by 1600 millimeters.In general, each module has 28 to arrange and along the reflector of 7 parabolic type slot cross-sections assemblings thereon, like this each cross section by four independently reflector form.
-absorber tube: it receives the concentrated radiation from reflector, and it will pass to the fluid of circulation therein with the heat energy form.
-mechanical support structure: it be used for to support remainder guaranteeing relative position relative to each other, and provides rigidity for system.
-tracking system: mechanical device comes runner assembly to optimize the incident solar radiation on the aperture area of reflector around single axis.
This metal structure must be able to be born transportation and assembling stress and operational stresses induced, such as wind-stress and thermal stress etc.Conversely, it must allow all different parts that suitable optical property with enough connecting accurately with Assurance component is arranged.Structural design has multiple variation.Yet, the most general current design, the present invention is to its very advantageously so-called " central body and arm configuration ".This structure comprises a central body, and also referred to as torsion box or pipe, it is parallel to the axis arranged of absorber tube, and a cover arm vertically is fixed in this axis, and this cover arm has a cantilevered metal truss structure usually.Described reflector is fixed on these arms with being rigidly connected of quantification subsequently, and generally each reflector has at least four and is rigidly connected.Such structure embodiment is described in above-mentioned file ES2274710A1, ES2326303A1.
In the required whole parts of solar energy thermal-power-generating factory operation, reflector is a ring of production capacity aspect most critical.The characteristic that determines the reflector quality is the reflectivity of the materials and methods that depends on that reflectance coating is used and the intercept coefficient that depends on the advantage of reflector geometry fully.These two parameter values directly are directly proportional with energy value in solar heat station generation, and are directly proportional to its income level thus.This means, the intercept coefficient increases by percent and reflects automatically that first the fiscal revenues in power plant increase approximately one of percentage (less slightly).
The main concentration techniques that comprises now parabolic type groove technology conceptively is based on parabolical geometric properties.Can infer that from the application of these character the intercept coefficient depends on and the direction of parabola at the have line of a tangent fully.Therefore, when parabolical true form presents variation with respect to its theoretical geometry, this means that variation has occured the tangent slope at this point.Under these conditions, reflection ray no longer shines theoretical focal point, but presents angular displacement with respect to self, this angle value be just in time by theoretical tangent line and the twice of the value that defines in this of new actual tangent line.
Can infer from the paragraph of front the parabola geometry of extreme sensitivity, its medium and small local deformation is 10 to 20 milliradians, or even the conventional immeasurable less local deformation of measuring system of use, can cause the radiation incident loss at the focus place, and therefore cause serious economic loss to the benefit at solar heat station.
In the process of making reflector, can only measure optics geometry (or intercept coefficient) by direct or indirect light reflection method.In measuring process, the parabolic type groove substrate of reflector must be supported on the strong point, the described strong point be arranged on relative to each other with the identical relative position of substrate surface on, this will have theoretical support point in supporting construction.Described support is used for as the supporter in the substrate size control procedure, and described supporter constructively is designed to simple support, and to prevent producing stress on substrate, this can make substrate distortion and so distortion measurement result.Simple support is understood to two connections between structural elements, and it allows a member with respect to other members rotations but does not move.
In general, field-installed reflector uses four supporters on its supporting construction, although in the situation that exception, as can use nearly nine in the zone that is tending towards having high wind load.
The technology of making at present the parabolic type trough reflector allows when the diameter of absorber tube is 70 millimeters, and the intercept coefficient value that reaches is greater than 99.5%.
The example of manufacture process is described in file EP2096375A1, by the application's identical inventor exploitation.
The manufacturing of reflector can not finish because of forming its substrate, must reflector be fixed on frame for movement generator on the contrary.The current solution of using is that each strong point at reflector is fixed structurally, and the described strong point is comprised of ceramic part, and it is connected on the reflector surface relative with the solar radiation plane of incidence.This connection is to adhere to by the use bonding agent, thereby guarantees suitable intensity and durability.In addition, this connection must have elastic modelling quantity, makes by keeping the condition of contact of rigidity, allows to absorb the stress from the differential expansion between baseplate material and ceramic part itself.Silicone has been proved to be to satisfy the suitable material of these conditions.Ceramic part has cavity, and a metal insert with spill female thread portion holds wherein.Ceramic part and metal insert assembly are called as ceramic gasket.Such fixedly being described in file EP0098404B1.
This ceramic gasket can directly or by the metal that is integrated with the structure that is referred to as intermediate proximate matter be fixed to metal structure.The function of intermediate proximate matter is to minimize the position error in the strong point that is caused by coarse structure manufacturing and assembling.This intermediate proximate matter is comprised of the shape of bending, and this crooked shape has the plane and another plane in the face of ceramic gasket that are connected in structure.The opening of installing hole form allows on its position fixedly ceramic gasket, and this opening is processed on the latter's plane.Usually use three-dimension measuring system and instrument (laser tracker) to guarantee the precision of this operation.Last connection is the stud by the spill part that is screwed into the pad metal insert, and assembly and corresponding nut locking.
In view of above-mentioned parabolical geometry sensitivity, must have high accuracy in parabola anchor point structural location, so when these points are generally 4, formed the reference support system to determine the intercept coefficient of reflector.
Consider the mechanical attributes of reflector, the requirement of precision significantly increases.Reflector is not stiffener, and it is flexible member in contrast, that is, it is relevant that this element significantly is out of shape the function that realizes with it.See, the orderly how small distortion of several milliradians can cause the intercept loss of pipe.
The constructive solution that reflector is fixed to structure not only must satisfy design and assembly precision, and the while is at the life period of product, the immobility of guaranteeing room and time come the power of resistant function in system (wind load, the weight of himself ...).
For this reason, reflector is rigidly connected by limited quantity, uses above-mentioned ceramic gasket to be connected in structure as Connection Element.This reflector has limited all frees degree of each supporter by the grappling of ceramic gasket, this means this system, be interpreted as that the reflector with four vanning type supporters has 18 hyperstaticity to a certain degree, namely, over 18 " motion of restriction " arranged, and this is indispensable.The vanning type supports and to be understood to, the connection between two structural elements, and it prevents a member another rotation and displacement relatively in any direction.
The limited shortcoming that has of the hyperkinesia of system is the additional geometric accuracy of its each supporter of requirement, because any deviation will cause having the deformed element of less rigidity.In this case, deformable element is reflector, and its bending rigidity (because it is sheet material) is less than residue Connection Element and structure itself.
The factor that affects the anchor point position in collector has following several:
Error in the manufacturing of-metal structure and assembling
Error on-intermediate proximate matter
Error during-described pad is made
-in the position error of reflector Intermediate gasket
-the error of reflector in supporting zone itself.
Error in metal structure manufacturing and assembling is the uncertain error in typical space in any technique of metal structure manufacturing and assembling.Guarantee that the desired precision of anchorage point is being the process of a costliness aspect building time and work, because it need to present the operation of low precision usually, as cutting, welding, boring.Process costs also further increases, because it need to use positioning fixture, and the three-dimensional measurement of dependence laser aid etc.In case even reflector is placed on its anchor point, the final location that its dependence is displaced sideways can cause the less stiffener of structure, as the deviation of intermediate proximate matter.
In case module bodies has been made and completed, this main body is formed by torsion box and the support arm that is used for reflector, only has a measurement of installing hole center rather than contact angle to take laser aid.If in its zone that contacts with ceramic gasket, the final flatness of intermediate proximate matter is incorrect, thereby can cause at the middle generation stress that is rigidly connected the distortion of reflector.For example, having been found that to produce the deviation of a millimeter percent 20 according to deformation point, is 3 or 4 milliradians in the deviation of supporting plane.
Together with metal structure, described pad plays a very important role at the correct location of reflector tool, it is an important parameter to be controlled in its fixation procedure, particularly described pad perpendicular to the angular displacement in the plane of the focal line (absorber tube axis) of parabolic type trough reflector, supposes that it is the plane that comprises the Parabolic Section tangent line.Each reflector has at least 4 pads, and each can in two different directions, depart from forward or negative sense successively.It is evident that many combinations that cause Different Effects are arranged, especially when reflector has Parabolic Section.The difficulty of tolerable limit of controlling the placement angular displacement of described pad increases, this is because in fact they can not be attached to theoretical surface, but be attached on actual reflector substrate, manufacturing tolerance is also arranged himself and therefore important or unessential angular displacement arranged from the teeth outwards.Except the location and on less degree, be derived from its face, namely substantially parallel of ceramic gasket the ceramic foozle of unevenness also can cause the rigidly connected distortion of reflector.
Another variable that affects final result is the order of fixing described pad in structure.The first pad of tightening will determine the position of remainder.Screw-down torque between pad and structure also produces impact slightly to result.Larger moment is applied to certain limit, and the distortion that produces in substrate is just larger, so performance will worsen.Therefore screw-down torque is the another parameter of controlling in this technique.
The geometry quality of reflector is the basic of solar heat station overall performance.The whole lip-deep angular displacement statistic analysis result of reflector shows, the angular displacement of reflection ray distributes can be near normal statistical distribution.Therefore, have the reflector that to accept the intercept coefficient but have the high standard deviation value and will present to the small deformation of supporter higher sensitivity.On the contrary, angular displacement will have larger surplus near the reflector of its nominal value and come absorption errors.
It can be asserted that, the intrinsic error of series of process itself is present in the manufacturing of each collector component and Assembling process subsequently.Nowadays, limit manufacturing, quality control and assembly cost that these errors relate to all very high within reasonable value, although cost is high, due to the distortion that reflector surface causes, the intercept loss still inevitably occurs on absorber tube.
In case assembling at the scene from the viewpoint that structure itself is made, by the processing problem, will be made more conscientious trial with the minimization of loss with optical property.The solution that file ES2326303A1 describes is take manufacturing process as the basis, realizes having the more accurate structure of larger stiffness elements by it, and described structure is formed in element.Be that the size requirements of this assembly becomes larger for structure provides the problem of extra stiffness, because can not reduce the stress of reflector, in case reflector is rigidly secured to whole assembly, it will stand this stress.Therefore, this solution has increased manufacturing cost and there is no to solve the problem that is derived from placing ceramic pad in reflector and there is no its theoretical position angular displacement.
In order to analyze and understand better the performance loss that the initial intercept coefficient value with respect to reflector observes in this field, thereby attempted making as an overall reproduced system action in the laboratory true effect that allows to know the ceramic gasket position.For this purpose, utilize it to carry out one group of instrument of measuring and be designed and build.
Be used to simulate the instrument of supporting construction, represent its actual cross-section, four strong points of reflector are located in the same plane that is parallel to horizontal plane.Described instrument has reproduced the degrees of freedom of practical structures.All tests hereinafter described are based on all that the locus of the support structure point in specification carries out.The value that observes in described test can be deteriorated in the practice of those situations, and wherein actual on-the-spot structure can be outside the set margin of tolerance.
Determine the intercept coefficient with the measurement device that is referred to as QDEC.This equipment uses the measuring method based on reflection measurement, and it allows to calculate the tangential deviation at described reflector surface, and therefrom calculates angular displacement on focus by a series of photo.This equipment is at present by the CSP service sales, and developed cooperatively with Deutschen Zentrums fur Luft-und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR).In order to measure, the instrument of simulation practical structures is arranged in the position of QDEC equipment for this purpose restriction.
Two groups of reflectors are analyzed in first group of test:
-A group: reflector has acceptable intercept coefficient and is used for having the reception organ pipe of 70 mm dias, and the angular displacement of pads placement is less than 10 milliradians.
-B group: reflector has acceptable intercept coefficient and is used for having the reception organ pipe of 70 mm dias, and perpendicular to the pads placement in the plane that receives organ pipe greater than 10 milliradians.
Analyze in following hypothesis for the intercept coefficient value under both of these case:
-suppose 1: the part of measuring in the size Control situation that occurs in the manufacturing of reflector: the simple four-point supporting of reference tool in measuring process.Suppose 1 measurement that produces corresponding to the intercept coefficient value, the feature of its expression reflector in normal manufacture process.
-suppose 2: the reflector with adhesiveness standard ceramic pad simply is supported on the instrument of simulation collector metal structure.The stud that inserts at the spill female thread portion of ceramic gasket is freely, without any nut, it is tightened, therefore, degree of correlation without any rotational freedom (except the rotation around the stud axis, this purpose with the technical problem of determining is uncorrelated) in each supporter limits.Measurement result will show the caused minimal error of error by manufacture component (structure, speculum, pad), even these parts are in acceptable dimensional tolerance value.
-suppose 3: the reflector with adhesiveness standard ceramic pad is supported on instrument, the collector metal structure of this instrument simulation in the vanning type supports, namely all frees degree of each support member are all restricted.Connection is to be that the standard screw-down torque that such execute-in-place defines fixes by being tightened in the nut on stud and using, and described stud is inserted into the spill female thread portion of ceramic gasket.This measurement result will show that to the optical property of collector loss is to be out of shape by the free degree restriction of support member and thing followed reflector to cause.
In view of the test 1 and the result of testing 2 of hypothesis 2, can reach a conclusion, there is in the mill error minimum and that unavoidably affect, its values of intercept on the spot whole under the condition of carrying out test is between 0.1% and 0.3%.Just as previously noted, these values in practice may be deteriorated to some extent.Under the simple condition that supports, therefore the adhesion precision that the adjustment groove that has at the strong point by described structure assimilates the described pad in reasonable value does not observe test 1 and tests between 2 result and have any different.
Can infer from supposing 3, when all frees degree of fixing all support members and each support member were restricted, the loss of intercept coefficient had increased the related economic value of power generation in the field of solar energy greatly.On duty greater than after 10 milliradians (as in the situation that test 2), be no matter described pad when having high angular displacement or structure is when departing from respect to its theoretical position, this increase is very significant.
The conclusion that draws from the mechanical analogue test of true scale is that the limit rotation of eliminating in support member allows mechanically to revise in the structure of retaining element or the deviation in the position by the support member that there is no these restrictions, thereby to remain the lax optical property that guarantees to be similar to its geometrical property of glass.Yet the elimination of restriction has reduced the rigidity of system's operating period, and its impact opposing external stress is for example resisted wind load or the immobility of the stress that caused by the actual weight of reflector in the rotary movement of tracking system.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is on the one hand, the system that connects reflector element and described structure provides static balancing to guarantee the immobility (continuity and permanent) of room and time in the power of life period resistant function in system of assembly, and guaranteeing simultaneously the elastic equilibrium of time, this exists only in the fixing and/or connection procedure of reflector.
Summary of the invention
For the loss of significance of foregoing shortcoming, particularly solar collector, the inventor has found a solution, connects reflector element and supporting construction by a system, and it meets both provisioning requests.Connected system has a design and discharges in the reflector group process of assembling in collector only the related rotation free degree at each support or tie point.In this process, the element that rigidity is relatively poor, namely the minimise stress on reflector element, make this element remain on its lax equilbrium position like this, can preserve its optics and concentrate performance.
Then, due to the result of installing, in case reflector element is positioned at its last slack position and does not strain, rotation in support member will be prevented from, fixedly changing into and being rigidly connected of all limited frees degree in each support member, make system have necessary strength and stability, can deal with external loading.
The new system that radial type connects is combined with suitable engagement device, this engagement device allows freely to rotate in the space in assembling or installation steps, greatly reduce the restriction in support member, for example make the new mechanical component that is supported by reflector element have 6 hyperstaticity number of times at four points in the install and adjust phase place process of glass or reflector element, than initial 18.
In the application's context, support or fixing point or simply supporter be those points that reflector element is connected in its supporting construction.
The problems referred to above be in the present invention by be used for according to independent claims 1 radial type connect the solar reflector element be connected with supporting construction system, according to independent claims 12 be used for the reflector of solar concentrator, solar energy reflection described according to independent claims 13 installed and solve according to the method that independent claims 14 are used for connecting reflector element and its supporting construction.In addition, define further feature of the present invention and particularly advantageous embodiment in dependent claims.
In a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes the system that a kind of radial type connects solar reflector element and supporting construction, it comprises,
Connect main body, for the face of the plane of incidence that is fixed on the relative solar radiation of reflector element, comprise a hole that receives the convex retaining element,
The engagement device that at least one is suitable freely rotates in the connection space of its permission between reflector element and supporting construction,
Wherein said at least one suitable engagement device comprises a through hole, it allows the convex retaining element to pass at this, this convex retaining element has the first end in the hole that is contained in described connection main body and receives the second end of spill retaining element, and this spill retaining element is used for fixing rigidly whole reflector element and supporting construction assembly.
In the context of the present invention, connect main body and also can simply think pad.
This solution not only relates to the loss of reduction solar collector intercept coefficient and economic benefit subsequently, and in addition because its revise finish that body plan is made, reflector element, connection main body and described elements relative be in mutually positioning error, greatly reduced manufacturing and the quality control cost relevant to their production because this can more favourable and easy application to guarantee manufacturing tolerance.
In the context of the present invention, suitable engagement device is interpreted as engagement device, and it allows freely to rotate in the reflector element of assembling and the connection space between supporting construction in assembling process.In case after finished the location, this suitable engagement device allowed to be independent of each angle (in the Machine Design of mechanical constraint that the installing hole by structure applies and pad of the present invention) of the Connection Element that is comprised by reflector and to be supported in angle on the plane of supporting construction at these elements being rigidly connected between reflector element and supporting construction.
Therefore, in all embodiments that will describe below, suitable engagement device temporarily can be on each of its supporter in assembling process the location reflector and to relevant rotational freedom without any restriction (all are except the actual axis corresponding to the convex fixture), and there is not the reflector distortion that comes from its restriction, in case after finish the location, allow on each anchor point and that position structural rigidly fixes and have all its limited frees degree and not from the distortion of its restriction.
In the first embodiment, suitable engagement device is in the inside that connects main body, and engagement device suitable in the second embodiment is in the outside that connects main body, and in the 3rd embodiment, the part of suitable engagement device is positioned at the inside that connects main body, and a part is positioned at the outside.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a kind of reflector of solar concentrator has been proposed, it comprises that at least one is used for the system that radial type connects its supporting construction according to a first aspect of the invention.
In a third aspect of the present invention, proposed a kind of solar energy reflection and installed, it comprises at least one reflector according to a second aspect of the invention.
The of the present invention the 4th and last aspect, a kind of method that connects reflector element and supporting construction thereof has been proposed, it comprises the following steps:
-at least one connected system according to a first aspect of the invention is provided;
-on the face of reflector element with respect to the plane of incidence of solar radiation, the join domain corresponding with supporting construction fix at least one connected system on consistent position;
-utilize at least one connected system to locate reflector element on supporting construction; And
-fixing described assembly obtains to be rigidly connected.
Although application of the present invention is advantageous particularly for monolithic or stratiform reflecting glass substrate, it also can be applicable to have any other substrate or reflector element that identical optical is concentrated characteristic and same piece type elastic behavior, no matter is the metal polymerization.
Description of drawings
In order to understand better the present invention, its purpose and advantage, the following drawings append in specification, wherein, below have been carried out and have described:
Fig. 1 shows the perspective view according to the radial type connected system of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows cross section and the exploded view of embodiment in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows cross-sectional view and the exploded view according to the radial type connected system of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 shows the perspective view according to the radial type connected system of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows cross-sectional view and the exploded view of embodiment in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 shows side view and the plane according to the half collector of the reflector element of the radial type connected system of an embodiment of the invention with special setting.
The specific embodiment
As indicated, the present invention proposes system 1,1', 1 that a kind of radial type connects solar reflector element and supporting construction ", it comprises
Connect main body 2,2', 2 ", be used for being fixed on the face of the plane of incidence of reflector element 13 relative solar radiations, it comprises a reception convex retaining element 3,3', 3 " hole 14,14', 14 ",
The engagement device that at least one is suitable freely rotates in the connection space of its permission between reflector element 13 and supporting construction,
Wherein said at least one suitable engagement device comprises a through hole, it allows convex retaining element 3,3', 3 " passes at this; the second end of the hole 14 that this retaining element 3,3', 3 " have and are contained in described connection main body 2,2', 2 ", 14', 14 " interior first end and reception spill retaining element 5,5', 5 ", this spill retaining element 5,5', 5 " are used for fixing rigidly whole reflector element 13 and supporting construction assembly.
In the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the connection main body 2 of radial type connected system 1 comprises two spherical shells 6,7, connects by hole 14, and have common center of rotation in the space.
Utilize such setting, spherical washer 4 is placed on the spherical shell 7 that connects main body 2, and the spherical head 9 of threaded rod 3 is placed on the spherical shell 6 that connects main body 2.
The diameter of through hole 14 advantageously allows threaded rod 3 to rotate at a certain angle, and its maximum is 3 °, is preferably 2 °.
The connected system of present embodiment advantageously comprises a packing ring 12 that is arranged between supporting construction 10 and spill retaining element 5.In a specific embodiment, described spill retaining element is nut.
In a specific embodiment, radial type connected system 1 comprises on the zone that is applied to connect main body 2 and is fixed on diaphragm 8 on the face of the plane of incidence of reflector element 13 relative solar radiations.Described film 8, for example plastic foil, can prevent from the adhesive that connection main body 2 is fixed on reflector element is entered the hole of described connection main body 2.
Radial type connected system 1 is fixed to by adhesive on the face of incident of reflector element 13 relative solar radiations, and in a concrete example, this adhesive is silicone.
Therefore, as follows according to the installation of the connected system 1 of present embodiment.
Threaded rod 3 with spherical head 9 inserts through hole 14 and passes the face that connects main body 2, connects main body 2 with the face of contact reflex device element 13, and this makes threaded rod 3 be placed on spherical shell 6, and both form ball bond.In case placed threaded rod 3, placed diaphragm 8 and the final face that is fixed in reflector element 13 by silicone or adhesive coating 16.
Because fixed many connection main bodys 2, there is the strong point on the reflector element in structure.In case all connection main bodys 2 are fixed on reflector element 13, the latter is positioned at by threaded rod 3 on housing in the installing hole 11 that is arranged at metal structure 10.Then nut 5 is screwed on threaded rod, and this makes in the screw engaging process, arranges according to the position in the space in two ball bond that connect generation between main body 2, threaded rod 3 and spherical washer 4, and this stress that produces on the surface of reflector element still less.Therefore, reflector element is not cause distortion in its slack position, and is rigidly fixed subsequently, to allow in its whole length of life, optimally carries out its function in field of solar energy.
In the second embodiment shown in Figure 3, connect main body 2' and comprise housing 19, be provided with therein the female component 17 of 14' with threaded hole.
In addition, connected system 1' comprises the second assembly of two spherical washer 4', 4 " the first assembly and two spherical washer 6', 6 ", two spherical washer 4', 4 " the first assembly be arranged on and connect between main body 2' and supporting construction 10; and two spherical washer 6', 6 " the second assembly be arranged on the back side of supporting construction 10, that is, with respect to wherein being provided with two spherical washer 4', 4 " the face of face of the first assembly in.
In link position, retaining element 3', that concrete is threaded rod 3', passes the second assembly of two spherical washer 4', 4 hole, installing hole and two spherical washer 6', 6 of supporting construction 10 of the first assembly " " and is fixed on the female component 17 that is provided with screwed hole 14'.At its other end, described threaded rod 3' receives spill threaded portion 5', or locking nut 5', fixes rigidly whole reflector element 13 and supporting construction assembly.
The diameter that the hole of the second assembly of two spherical washer 4', 4 " the first assembly, supporting construction 10 and two spherical washer 6', 6 " has moves with the first and second assemblies that allow described pair of spherical washer basically greater than the diameter of threaded rod 3.
Radial type connected system 1' is fixed to by adhesive 16 on the face of incident of reflector element 13 relative solar radiations, and in a concrete example, this adhesive is silicone.
Therefore, as follows according to the installation of the connected system 1' of present embodiment.
Because fixed many connection main body 2', there is the strong point on the reflector element 13 in structure.In case all connection main body 2' are fixed on reflector element 13, and before structurally locating reflector element, two spherical washer 4', 4 " the first assembly be placed on each corresponding supporter.
Reflector element with the locational connection main body 2' that is placed on them is placed on metal structure, makes the axis and two spherical washer 4', 4 of the female component 17 that is provided with the screwed hole 14' that connects main body 2' " the axis of the first assembly try one's best consistent.
Then, described threaded rod 3' passes installing hole 11 and two spherical washer 4', 4 of supporting construction 10 " the hole of the first assembly, insert and be tightened in the female component 17 that connects main body 2'.Two spherical washer 6', 6 " the second assembly insert the other end of threaded rod 3' and the hole 11 of described supporting construction 10, locking nut 5' is screwed on above-mentioned threaded rod 3'.
Therefore, in the screw engaging process, assembly is according to the location arrangements in the space for two two spherical washer 4', 4 " and 6', 6 ", and this stress that produces on the surface of reflector element 13 still less.In the embodiment of formerly describing, final result is that the original reflection device is unstressed, finally firmly is anchored on supporting construction.
In the 3rd embodiment shown in Figure 4 and 5, radial type connected system 1 " connection main body 2 " has a projection and crooked central area 20, it has a through hole 14 "; this through hole 14 " has the side opening that is communicated with window 18, the below will see, handle component is fitted together easily, particularly introduces convex retaining element 3 " '.
Advantageously, connect main body 2 and " also comprise a flat low thin layer 21, be used for being fixed to reflector element 13 and intervening corresponding adhesive coating.In a specific embodiment, low thin layer 21 is independently at first and is connected in by conventional means such as clip, adhesive, weld seam, screw etc. and connects main body 2 ".
Utilize such setting, on operating position, on the surface of the bending area 20 of spherical washer 4 " ' be placed in connect main body 2 ", and adjust threaded rod 3 " spherical head 9 " to connecting main body 2 " the inner surface of bending area 20.
Advantageously, through hole 14 " diameter allow threaded rod 3 " rotates at a certain angle, and its maximum is 3 °, is preferably 2 °.
Radial type connected system 1'' particularly connects main body 2 " thin layer 21 be fixed to by adhesive 16 on the face of incident of reflector element 13 relative solar radiations, in a concrete example, this adhesive is silicone.
Therefore, according to the connected system 1 of present embodiment " installation as follows.
Because fixed many connection main bodys 2 ", so have the strong point on the reflector element 13 in structure.In case all connection main bodys 2 " are fixed on reflector element 13, have spherical head 9 " threaded rod 3 " and insert and pass through hole 14 " side continuity window 18 make adjust spherical head 9 " to the inside on surface 20, both form ball bond.
In case placed threaded rod 3 ", spherical washer 4 " ' be inserted through opposition side and be placed on surface 20, both form new ball bond, then by threaded rod 3, and " it is positioned on housing in the installing hole 11 that is arranged at metal structure 10 entirely.
Then on nut 5 " is screwed in threaded rod 3 ", this makes in the screw engaging process, connecting main body 2 ", threaded rod 3 " and spherical washer 4 " between two ball bond that produce according to the setting of the position in the space, this stress that produces on the surface of reflector element is still less.Therefore, reflector element is not cause distortion in its slack position, and is rigidly fixed subsequently, to allow in its whole length of life, optimally carries out its function in field of solar energy.
In the embodiment of describing arbitrarily in front, ball bond can be by the device of functional equivalent, and for example, the spheroid tapered joint touches or two wedge shaped washer realize.
Following table shows the intercept result that has according on the reflector element of the connection main body 2 of the first specific implementations.For the proper operation of verification system, the layout of connection main body has the position deviation greater than 10 milliradians.The location of reflector element and measuring method are identical with described in test 1 and 2.Suppose 1 with above-mentioned a kind of identical, namely in the manufacture process of reflector element, part according to measuring process is supported simply.Suppose that 2 tighten fix fully by connecting main body 2 corresponding to this connection.Suppose 3 corresponding to connecting by eliminating the connection that the joint in main body 2 causes.This test is defined as testing 3.
Test 3:
Can infer from testing 3, compare traditional pad, use is wherein not engage according to the advantage of the radial type connected system of the present invention of the first embodiment.When there were deviation greater than 10 milliradians in described pad of the prior art and their theoretical position, this effect was significant.
The result in second specific implementations of two two spherical washer assemblies that connect main body 2' outside has been reproduced in test 4.The location of reflector and measuring method are identical with described in test 1,2 and 3.Suppose that 1 is identical with previous section, namely in the manufacture process of reflector element, part according to measuring process is supported simply.Suppose that 2 are combined in the spherical washer assembly of tightening on threaded rod 3 and the connection that causes corresponding to connecting main body 2' by use.Suppose 3 tighten fully corresponding to not using spherical washer be rigidly connected.
Can infer from testing 4, when utilizing connected system 2' that reflector element is fixed in structure, with the loss of reflector element intercept coefficient be incoherent.
In view of shown in specific implementations and test, this shows that the connected system concept developed in the present invention has guaranteed assembly process proprietary free limit rotation in support, and in its whole service life, satisfied the condition of the room and time immobility (continuity and persistence) of the power of resistant function in system.
Radial type connected system of the present invention,
The optical property minimization of loss that allows solar heat to install concentratedly, this is by building and the error of assembling metal support structure and manufacturing and the position error of the Connection Element between reflector and structure cause.Use the present invention finally to cause the economic well-being of workers and staff of solar thermal energy factory significantly to increase.
In the manufacture process of reflector element, there is more favourable constructive tolerance when allowing work in placing the process that connects main body or pad and in the support metal structure.The reduction that this has caused installing the manufacturing cost of all parts comprises personnel hour, cycle time, quality control, orientation tool ...
Allow the low element of use cost to be used for its manufacturing, and
If necessary, allow simple assembly and disassembly to connect.
Claims (14)
1. the radial type connected system of a solar reflector element and supporting construction (1,1', 1''), comprise
Connect main body (2,2', 2''), be used for being fixed on reflector element (13) face of the plane of incidence of solar radiation relatively, it comprises a hole that receives convex retaining element (3,3', 3'') (14,14', 14''),
The engagement device that at least one is suitable freely rotates in the connection space of its permission between reflector element (13) and supporting construction,
Wherein said at least one suitable engagement device comprises a through hole, it allows convex retaining element (3,3', 3'') to pass at this, this convex retaining element (3,3', 3'') has the first end in the hole (14) that is contained in described connection main body (2,2') and receives the second end of spill retaining element (5,5'), and this spill retaining element (5,5') is used for fixing rigidly whole reflector element (13) and supporting construction assembly.
2. radial type connected system according to claim 1 (1), is characterized in that,
Connect main body (2) and comprise two spherical shells (6,7), connect by hole (14), and have common center of rotation in the space,
System (1) comprises a spherical washer (4) with through hole (15), and
Convex retaining element (3) comprises a spherical head (9), wherein
Spherical washer (4) is placed on the spherical shell (7) that connects main body (2),
The spherical head (9) of convex retaining element (3) is placed on the spherical shell (6) that connects main body (2), and
The diameter of through hole (14) is basically greater than the diameter of described convex retaining element (3), passes the rotation of the fixed rotation point of the spherical shell (6) that connects main body (2) and (7) around any axis to allow described convex retaining element (3) in the space.
3. radial type connected system according to claim 2 (1), is characterized in that, the diameter of through hole (14) allows convex retaining element (3) to rotate at a certain angle, and its maximum is 3 °, is preferably 2 °.
4. the described radial type connected system of any one (1) according to claim 2 to 3, is characterized in that, it comprises a packing ring (12) that is arranged between supporting construction (10) and spill retaining element (5).
5. the described radial type connected system of any one (1) according to claim 2 to 4; it is characterized in that, it comprises on the zone that is applied to connect main body (2) and is fixed on reflector element (13) diaphragm (8) on the face of the plane of incidence of solar radiation relatively.
6. radial type connected system according to claim 1 (1'), is characterized in that,
Connect main body (2') and comprise housing (19), be provided with therein the female component (17) of (14') with threaded hole,
System (1') comprises the first assembly of two spherical washers (4', 4'') and the second assembly of two spherical washers (6', 6''), wherein
The first assembly of two spherical washers (4', 4'') is arranged on and connects between main body (2') and supporting construction (10),
The second assembly of two spherical washers (6', 6'') is arranged on the opposite face of supporting construction (10), and
In link position, convex retaining element (3) passes the second assembly of the installing hole of hole, supporting construction (10) of the first assembly of two spherical washers (4', 4'') and two spherical washers (6', 6'') and is fixed on spill retaining element (5'), and
The Kong Jun of the second assembly of the first assembly of two spherical washers (4', 4''), supporting construction (10) and two spherical washers (6', 6'') has diameter basically greater than the diameter of convex retaining element (3), moves with the first and second assemblies that allow described pair of spherical washer.
7. radial type connected system according to claim 6 (1'), is characterized in that, the diameter in the hole of the first and second assemblies of two spherical washers allows described assembly to rotate.
8. radial type connected system according to claim 1 (1''), is characterized in that,
Connect main body (2'') and comprise a projection and crooked central area (20), the side opening that it has a through hole (14'') and is communicated with window (18),
System (1'') comprises a spherical washer (4''') with through hole (15'), and
Convex retaining element (3'') comprises a spherical head (9''), wherein
Spherical washer (4''') is placed on the surface of the projection that connects main body (2'') and crooked central area (20),
Under operational circumstances, adjust the spherical head (9) of convex retaining element (3) to the inner surface of the central area (20) of the projection that connects main body (2'') and bending, and
The diameter of through hole (14'') greater than the diameter of described convex retaining element (3''), passes the rotation of the fixed rotation point that connects main body (2'') to allow described convex retaining element (3'') basically around any axis in the space.
9. radial type connected system according to claim 8 (1''), is characterized in that, connects main body (2'') and comprise a flat low thin layer (21), is used for being fixed to reflector element (13).
10. radial type connected system according to claim 8 (1''), is characterized in that, the diameter of through hole (14) allows convex retaining element (3) to rotate at a certain angle, and its maximum is 3 °, is preferably 2 °.
11. according to claim 8 to 10, the described radial type connected system of any one (1''), is characterized in that, it comprises a packing ring (12'') that is arranged between supporting construction (10) and spill retaining element (5'').
12. the reflector of a solar concentrator comprises that at least one connects (1,1', 1'') in the system of its supporting construction according to any one described radial type of aforementioned claim.
13. a solar energy reflection is installed, and comprises at least one reflector according to claim 12.
14. a method that reflector element (13) is connected in its supporting construction comprises the following steps:
-the described connected system of any one (1,1', 1'') at least one according to claim 1 to 11 is provided;
-on the face of reflector element (13) with respect to the plane of incidence of solar radiation, fix at least one connected system (1,1', 1'') on the join domain corresponding with supporting construction consistent position;
-utilize at least one connected system (1,1', 1'') to locate reflector element on supporting construction; And
-fixing described assembly obtains to be rigidly connected.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10382156.7 | 2010-05-31 | ||
| EP20100382156 EP2390598B1 (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2010-05-31 | System and method for the articulated attachment of solar reflector elements to supporting structures |
| PCT/EP2011/058814 WO2011151280A2 (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2011-05-30 | System and method for the articulated attachment of solar reflector elements to supporting structures |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103097831A true CN103097831A (en) | 2013-05-08 |
| CN103097831B CN103097831B (en) | 2016-10-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180037550.5A Expired - Fee Related CN103097831B (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2011-05-30 | The radial type connection system of solar reflector element and supporting construction and method |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130087138A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2390598B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103097831B (en) |
| ES (2) | ES2542230T3 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA34339B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT2390598E (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011151280A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201209032B (en) |
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| CN104343804A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-11 | 海尔集团公司 | Shift fixation pad |
| CN104343804B (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2018-05-22 | 青岛胶南海尔洗衣机有限公司 | A kind of move is padded away from fixed |
| CN103398058A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-11-20 | 洛阳双瑞特种装备有限公司 | Multi-directional compensation displacement connecting structure with automatic positioning function |
| CN103398058B (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-07-01 | 洛阳双瑞特种装备有限公司 | Multi-directional compensation displacement connecting structure with automatic positioning function |
| CN108130982A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-08 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | A kind of exposed suspension column automatic reset device of steel construction |
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| US10691004B2 (en) | 2018-06-20 | 2020-06-23 | Qisda Corporation | Projector capable of preventing lens from shifting |
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| US11788564B2 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2023-10-17 | Böllhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH | Connection unit for connecting two components with a space in between |
| CN109236816A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-18 | 江苏大卫景观工程有限公司 | Weighing apparatus dynamics rotary joint |
| CN109812994A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-05-28 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | A kind of mirror support component and heliostat for heliostat |
| CN114962426B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-09-26 | 中航沈飞民用飞机有限责任公司 | Device for ensuring coaxiality of bolt and structural hole on inclined plane |
| CN114962426A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-30 | 中航沈飞民用飞机有限责任公司 | Device for ensuring coaxiality of bolt and structural hole on inclined plane |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT2390598E (en) | 2015-06-11 |
| EP2390598B1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
| EP2390598A1 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
| ZA201209032B (en) | 2014-02-26 |
| US20130087138A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
| MA34339B1 (en) | 2013-06-01 |
| CN103097831B (en) | 2016-10-26 |
| ES2399787R1 (en) | 2013-04-19 |
| ES2542230T3 (en) | 2015-08-03 |
| ES2399787A2 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
| WO2011151280A3 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
| ES2399787B1 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
| WO2011151280A2 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
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