CN103094950B - 用于车辆的个性化充电管理 - Google Patents

用于车辆的个性化充电管理 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103094950B
CN103094950B CN201210419370.XA CN201210419370A CN103094950B CN 103094950 B CN103094950 B CN 103094950B CN 201210419370 A CN201210419370 A CN 201210419370A CN 103094950 B CN103094950 B CN 103094950B
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energy
car
vehicle
management system
configurable
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CN103094950A (zh
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V.P.阿特卢里
S.B.古拉帕利
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
General Motors LLC
General Motors Co
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
General Motors Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
    • B60L1/10—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line with provision for using different supplies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/70—Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/54—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads according to a pre-established time schedule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/62—The condition being non-electrical, e.g. temperature
    • H02J2310/64—The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于车辆的个性化充电管理，即一种用于给电动车辆再充电的可配置能量管理系统。车内可再生能源产生电能以给车内能量存储装置再充电。至少一个车外可再生能源向车辆提供电能来给车内能量存储装置再充电。车辆通信模块发送和接收数据。整合模块整合车内能量参数数据、车内可再生能量参数数据、车外可再生能量参数数据、用户参数数据和基于网络的数据。用户接口装置将用户参数数据传送给整合模块。用户参数数据包括给车内能量存储装置再充电时偏好参数的优先级。整合模块基于车内能量参数数据、车内可再生能量参数数据、车外可再生能量参数数据、用户参数数据和基于网络的数据来识别用于给车辆再充电的最佳能源。

Description

用于车辆的个性化充电管理
技术领域
实施例大体涉及车辆中的能量管理。
背景技术
电动车辆和混合动力车辆利用储电电能来给车辆操作系统（例如发动机）以及车辆内的多个电气装置提供动力。各种能源可以用于在再充电期间恢复向车辆能量存储装置的供电。这样的能源可以包括太阳能、住宅局域能量（例如住宅周围的风力涡轮机和其他发电装置）以及来自电网的电力。消费者选择使用除车辆控制单元内的默认策略之外的何种能源。消费者的选择从经济性角度来看可能并不总是最理想的选择（例如在高峰时间从电网汲取电力是昂贵的）或者是不实际的（例如当光辐射不足时的太阳能）。
有益的是具有一种管理系统，其可以在给定时间限制和环境条件和车辆条件的情况下建议那种替代性策略是最佳再充电策略。
发明内容
实施例的优点在于一种用于电动车辆的可配置能量管理再充电系统，其中基于偏好参数、车辆工况和环境条件来确定再充电方法。偏好参数可以被用户划分优先级并且包括基于时间的指标（time-based index）、基于成本的指标（cost-based index）和环保（绿色）指标（green index）。车辆工况数据、环境条件数据和偏好参数数据被获得和分析以便在考虑到对再充电过程具有直接和间接影响的因素时推荐有助于用户命令的最佳再充电策略。
实施例提出一种用于给电动车辆再充电的可配置能量管理系统。能量存储装置存储能量。车内可再生能源产生电能从而给车内能量存储装置再充电。至少一个车外可再生能源向车辆提供电能来给车内能量存储装置再充电。车辆通信模块发送和接收数据。整合模块（integration module）整合车内能量参数数据、车内可再生能量参数数据、车外可再生能量参数数据、用户参数数据和基于网络的数据。用户接口装置与车辆通信模块和整合模块通信。用户接口装置将用户参数数据传送给整合模块。用户参数数据包括给车内能量存储装置再充电时偏好参数的优先级。偏好参数包括基于时间的指标、基于成本的指标和环保指标中的至少一者。基于网络的数据被整合模块下载以供使用。整合模块基于车内能量参数数据、车内可再生能量参数数据、车外可再生能量参数数据、用户参数数据和基于网络的数据来识别用于给车辆再充电的最佳能源。
本发明还提供了以下技术方案。
方案1.一种用于给电动车辆再充电的可配置能量管理系统，包括：
用于存储能量的能量存储装置；
车内可再生能源，其产生电能以便给车内能量存储装置再充电；
至少一个车外可再生能源，其向所述车辆提供电能来给车内能量存储装置再充电；
车辆通信模块，其发送和接收数据；
整合模块，其整合车内能量参数数据、车内可再生能量参数数据、车外可再生能量参数数据、用户参数数据和基于网络的数据；以及
用户接口装置，其与所述车辆通信模块和所述整合模块通信，所述用户接口装置将所述用户参数数据传送给所述整合模块，所述用户参数数据包括给车内能量存储装置再充电时的偏好参数的优先级，其中所述偏好参数包括基于时间的指标、基于成本的指标和环保指标中的至少一者；
其中所述整合模块基于所述车内能量参数数据、所述车内可再生能量参数数据、所述车外可再生能量参数数据、所述用户参数数据和所述基于网络的数据来识别用于给车辆再充电的最佳能源。
方案2. 根据方案2所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述整合模块是远程服务提供者，其与所述车辆通过所述车辆通信模块通信，所述服务提供者具有计算装置，所述计算装置具有处理能力以及大的存储器存储能力以便执行用于确定偏好参数的优先级的统计和分析程序。
方案3. 根据方案2所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述服务提供者包括用于为每个被监测车辆保持相应参数数据的记录的数据库。
方案4. 根据方案3所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述远程服务提供者监测多个车辆操作，其中所述多个车辆操作被用于确定偏好参数的优先级。
方案5. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述接口模块是能够执行统计和分析程序的车内处理器。
方案6. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述至少一个车外可再生能源包括来自电力事业服务提供者的电能。
方案7. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述至少一个车外可再生能源包括住宅区域太阳能发电系统。
方案8. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述至少一个车外可再生能源包括住宅区域风力涡轮机发电系统。
方案9. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述车内能量参数数据包括可用充电电压、车辆蓄电池的充电状态以及启用的车辆电负载中的至少一者。
方案10. 根据方案9所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述车内能量参数数据还包括所述能量存储装置的温度数据。
方案11. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述用户参数数据还包括用户识别的计划行进路线。
方案12. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中通过所述整合模块获得商用能量参数数据，其中所述商用能量参数数据包括商用能量的成本和商用能量的零售地点中的至少一者。
方案13. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述车内可再生能源包括太阳能板阵列。
方案14. 根据方案13所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述车内可再生能源参数数据包括区域性天气预报数据以便估计所述车内太阳能板阵列能够捕获的阳光辐射的量。
方案15. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述能量存储装置是低压能量存储装置。
方案16. 根据方案15所述的可配置能量管理系统，还包括车内高能存储装置，所述车内高能存储装置被设置成从所述车内可再生能源和所述至少一个车外可再生能源接收电能。
方案17. 根据方案16所述的可配置能量管理系统，还包括被联接在所述车内高能存储装置和低能存储装置之间的辅助动力模块，其中所述辅助动力模块将高压转换成低压以便分配给所述低能存储装置。
方案18. 根据方案16所述的可配置能量管理系统，还包括AC至DC转换器以用于将来自所述至少一个车外可再生能源的AC电压转换成DC电压，被转换的DC电压被供应给所述车内高能存储装置。
方案19. 根据方案16所述的可配置能量管理系统，还包括用于存储来自所述至少一个车外可再生能源的电能的车外能量存储装置。
方案20. 根据方案19所述的可配置能量管理系统，还包括DC至DC转换器以用于将来自所述至少一个车外可再生能源的第一DC电压变换成用于存储在所述车内高能存储装置内的第二DC电压。
方案21. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述用户接口装置是无线智能电话。
方案22. 根据方案21所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述用户接口装置下载基于网络的数据，该基于网络的数据被提供给所述整合模块。
方案23. 根据方案1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述整合模块下载所述基于网络的数据。
附图说明
图1是个性化电动车辆能量管理系统的框图。
图2是用于确定再充电策略的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了个性化充电能量管理系统10，其用于选择性地控制供应给车辆各部件的电能。系统10包括车辆能量分配系统11，其包括可再生能源12，例如车载太阳能板阵列，其联接到太阳能控制模块14以用于将电能分配给能量存储装置16或分配给预调制装置，例如电动马达18（例如HVAC鼓风机马达）。应该理解，预调制装置不限于鼓风机马达，而是能够包括任意推进系统部件。
太阳能板阵列12包括由太阳能电池构成的板的阵列。板被互联，通常是被串联，使得电压被加和并且能够获得所需电压输出。太阳能板阵列12捕获的太阳能激励太阳能电池中的电子从而产生电力。不过，太阳能电池能够以串联-并联构造联接从而获得理想的模块电压。太阳能板阵列12所产生的电力是直流（DC）形式。
太阳能控制模块14包括处理器20、DC/DC转换器22和开关24。DC/DC转换器22被联接在太阳能板阵列12和开关24之间。DC/DC转换器22将太阳能板阵列12所产生的低压DC转换成高压DC或者将太阳能板阵列12产生的高压DC转换成低压DC。电流测量装置26可以被联接在太阳能板阵列12和DC/DC转换器22之间以用于监控来自太阳能板阵列12的电流流动。
开关24将太阳能板阵列12通过DC/DC转换器22选择性地联接到能量存储装置16或马达18。将太阳能板阵列12联接到能量存储装置16被称为再充电功能，而将太阳能板阵列12联接到预调制装置（例如马达18）被称为预调制功能。
预调制模式包括向预调制装置施加能量以便预调制（即更改）车辆的乘客舱或部件的温度。例如，当存在相应条件时通过使用由太阳能板阵列12产生的电能给马达18充能而泊车时，车辆的乘客舱可以被预调制（例如被冷却）。其他预调制装置可以包括但不限于预加热器，例如用于发动机体的加热装置或者三元催化转换器。
再充电功能包括当存在其他预定条件时使用太阳能板阵列12所产生的电能给能量存储装置16再充电。如果车辆泊车并且正在由太阳能板阵列16产生太阳能，则可以启用再充电功能。
处理器20基于多种条件调节开关24的位置。所述多种条件包括但不限于车辆状态（例如行驶或泊车）、太阳能可用性、蓄电池电压以及车辆的车舱温度和外部环境温度间的温差。处理器20还监测各车辆部件的负载要求。基于负载要求，处理器20可以致动开关28以从能量存储装置16向马达18供应能量。处理器20还可以致动开关30以从能量存储装置16向预调制单元31分配能量。如果负载处于下述要求水平，即来自太阳能板阵列12和能量存储装置16的能量均不能单独地供应适度能量至一个或更多个车辆部件，例如鼓风机马达，则来自太阳能板阵列12和能量存储装置16的能量可以配合地用于给所述一个或更多个车辆部件供能。
车辆能量分配系统11还包括蓄电池电动车辆高压存储装置32。高压能量存储装置32被联接到外部源以便从外部源获得高压能量。高压存储装置32被联接到辅助动力模块34，其将从高压存储装置32接收的高压转换成低压能量供应。辅助动力模块（APM）34被联接到能量存储装置16和高压存储装置32。APM 34用作如常规车辆上的交流发电机。APM提供在车辆高压（HV）DC总线和低压（LV）DC总线之间的动力流动。APM LV接口被连接到车辆LV DC总线以及低压蓄电池。
高压能量存储装置32从多个能源接收能量，所述能源包括但不限于外部电力网36、住宅局域源38以及车内可再生能源12。外部电力网36包括从电力事业源接收的电能，所述电力事业源例如产生电并将其分配给住户和企业的电力事业公司。外部电力网36经由AC/DC转换器42被联接到高压存储装置32。
住宅能源38包括在住宅处或附近或车辆可以再充电的其他地点处或附近产生的替代性可再生能源。住宅能源38包括但不限于非车辆太阳能板、风力涡轮机、存储的能量。住宅能源捕获的能量被联接到住宅能量管理系统44，在此能量被用于家用目的或者存储在家用住宅能量存储装置46内。住宅能量管理系统44可以被联接到车辆高能存储装置32以便选择性地将能量从住宅能量存储装置46传递到车辆高能存储装置32。
车内可再生能源12可以包括被整合作为车辆一部分的太阳能板阵列、天然气和其他可再生能源。车内可再生能源12经由DC-DC转换器48被联接到高压存储装置32以便将太阳能板阵列12捕获的能量提供给高压存储装置32。
车辆的用户通过例如智能电话的接口应用50来识别个性化电动车辆充电管理的配置。智能电话50通过车辆通信模块52与车辆通信。车辆通信模块52提供通信链路以用于在车辆和其他远程实体或装置之间发送和接收消息和数据。车辆通信模块52还与服务提供者54通信。服务提供者54可以是当前由车辆上的车辆制造商所提供的基于订购的通信服务，例如OnStar®。这种服务被用于通过无线通信系统提供例如但不限于车内安全性、远程诊断系统和轮流导航的服务。远程服务，例如OnStar®，具有足够的计算装置，其具有处理能力以及大的存储器存储能力以便执行系统10的统计和分析程序。与基于车内的系统相比，在利用远程系统时，省去了针对基于车辆的系统每辆车内所需的附加硬件和软件。不过，在替代性实施例中，服务提供者54可以是车内模块。
服务提供者54收集用户输入、监测车辆能量存储条件、获得车辆能量存储状态条件并且获得其他远程数据以便产生建议再充电策略。用户将利用智能电话50或类似装置输入与日程行驶计划有关的必要信息以及对于用户而言什么样的再充电优先级（之后被称为指标）是重要的（例如基于成本、时间或环保的再充电）。日程行驶计划可以包括特定目的地或路线或者可以指示出用户习惯行驶的典型工作日或周末行程。可以使用的附加信息包括起程时间和行驶长度。如所述，用户可以指明每个指标的重要性。每个指标的重要性可以被分类为高、中或低。替代性地，可以利用任意其他的分级系统。
车辆能量存储状态被用于产生与推荐的再充电策略有关的被告知决定。这种信息可以包括可用能源处的当前能量生成速率、可用充电电压（例如120V或240V）、能量存储装置当前充电状态、完好状态、当前车辆负载或途中将使用的估计车辆负载（例如加热器、A/C、灯、当前连接的设备充电器）。
可以通过服务提供者54或者可以通过智能电话50来获得与影响再充电策略的各种信息有关的云计算（cloud computing）数据56，并将其发送至服务提供者54。云数据56可以包括但不限于与电网电力、车辆燃料信息、充电站和天气信息有关的数据。电网电力信息包括电力使用和分配率以及实时环保指标。车辆燃料信息包括与当地服务加油站（包括用户频繁光顾的那些加油站）有关的定价等级。充电站包括沿途或附近充电站的地点和价格。天气信息提供细节，例如区域内的可用阳光以从太阳能板阵列捕获太阳能。可以从一个或多个信息检索源获得云数据56。信息检索源的示例可以是基于网络的来源、气象站或公用事业公司或网络数据服务提供者。
一旦获得必要信息，则服务提供者54分析来自各种来源的所有数据并且提供关于再充电策略的被优先级化的建议。可以利用各种用户的偏好。下面是用户偏好以及服务提供者基于服务提供者所获得的参数数据而生成的被优先级化的建议的一些示例：
状态优先级1：基于时间（时间=高，成本=中，环保指标=低）
-再充电时间：3小时
-再充电成本：$0.50
-再充电环保指标：%
状态优先级2：基于成本（时间=中，成本=高，环保指标=低）
-再充电时间：4小时
-再充电成本：$0.35
-再充电环保指标：%
状态优先级3：基于环保指标（时间=低，成本=中，环保指标=高）
-再充电时间：6小时
-再充电成本：$0.30
-再充电环保指标：%%%
服务提供者54可以为车辆保持车辆专有信息以便车辆专有信息可以被用于确定该车辆的充电策略。例如，服务提供者54可以保持该车辆的车辆识别号（VIN）和相关数据。相关数据可以包括但不限于再充电历史、蓄电池历史、驾驶历史。再充电历史可以包括平均再充电时间、用于加油的日平均时间或典型加油水平。蓄电池历史可以包括蓄电池的当前电荷、蓄电池的充电状态、蓄电池的完好状态以及蓄电池温度。驾驶历史可以包括平均驾驶时间和持续时间以及平均驾驶距离。服务提供者54可以保持并更新相关数据以作为典型车辆监控操作的一部分。可以从车辆内的数据监控模块（例如动力系控制模块、蓄电池控制模块、车辆监督控制模块或其他相关模块）收集数据。
服务提供者54用作整合器（integrator）来收集信息并且执行程序从而确定再充电策略以便向用户输出再充电建议策略。再充电建议策略可以经由用户接口装置50或其他车外或车内接口被输出。
下述方法描述了用于管理个性化再充电管理策略的过程。
在框60，程序开始。在启动车辆点火开关时或通过客户致动来起动程序。
在框61，服务提供者开启有效再充电算法，其中从各种来源收集数据。在框62、63、64和65收集数据。
在框62，获得与车辆充电/能量有关的信息。这样的信息可以包括针对来自车辆太阳能板阵列或任何其他车内可再生能源的能量可获得的当前能量生成速率。其他信息可以包括再充电能力是120V还是240V、车辆相对于加油站的地点、蓄电池充电状态（SOC）以及当前在车辆上运行的当前车辆负载。此外，负载和其他信息能够被用于确定车辆是否能够在起程前不加油的情况下行驶到下一目的地。
在框63，关于与公用事业公司有关的用户公用事业计划做出决定。这样的信息可以包括公用事业类型、充电速率和一天中特定时间的充电速率以及最大许用能量流速。
在框64，用户通信经由智能电话、基于住宅能量的管理系统或者网站输入其日程行驶计划。用户可以输入基于工作日或基于周末的习惯行驶的典型行驶计划，或者可以输入特定行驶计划。
在框65，驾驶员选择指标选项中的一个。指标选项包括以基于时间的指标、基于成本的指标、基于环保的指标为基础的选项或组合。在紧急需要再充电车辆时（例如如果用户计划早于典型起程时间）基于时间的选项是基于起程的。基于成本的指标是基于用户针对再充电车辆是否想要最经济性的成本。基于环保的指标是再充电公用事业具有最低CO2足迹（footprint）或最高环保指标。
在框66，与住宅能量有关的信息被提供给住宅能量管理系统或者通过网站或其他长程通信网络。与住宅能量有关的信息包括与可用资源处的当前能量生成速率有关的信息。这样的资源包括基于住户的资源、基于风力的资源、基于车辆的资源或其他基于可再生能量的资源。
在框67，来自框62-66的信息被提供给服务提供者或类似者以计算再充电策略。
在框68，基于下述数据估计车辆的能量需求，所述下述数据包括但不限于预期驾驶距离、蓄电池的SOC、天气条件、交通、行驶计划、驾驶类型和地图数据。
在步骤69，基于与能量成本、再充电时间和环保指标有关的用户偏好来为客户确定最佳能源。
在步骤70，确定的再充电策略被提供给用户来批准。
在步骤71，确定客户是否接受所述确定的再充电策略。如果确定用户接受了该再充电策略，则在步骤72中车辆按照选定的再充电策略被编程以便再充电。如果用户不接受该再充电策略，则返回步骤61。
虽然已经具体描述了本发明的某些实施例，不过熟悉本发明所涉及的领域的技术人员将意识到如所附权利要求所限定的实践本发明的各种替代性设计和实施例。

Claims (23)

1.一种用于给电动车辆再充电的可配置能量管理系统，包括：
用于存储能量的能量存储装置；
车内可再生能源，其产生电能以便给车内能量存储装置再充电；
至少一个车外可再生能源，其向所述车辆提供电能来给车内能量存储装置再充电；
车辆通信模块，其发送和接收数据；
整合模块，其整合车内能量参数数据、车内可再生能量参数数据、车外可再生能量参数数据、用户参数数据和基于网络的数据；以及
用户接口装置，其与所述车辆通信模块和所述整合模块通信，所述用户接口装置将所述用户参数数据传送给所述整合模块，所述用户参数数据包括给车内能量存储装置再充电时的偏好参数的优先级，其中所述偏好参数包括基于时间的指标、基于成本的指标和环保指标中的至少一者；
其中所述整合模块基于所述车内能量参数数据、所述车内可再生能量参数数据、所述车外可再生能量参数数据、所述用户参数数据和所述基于网络的数据来识别用于给车辆再充电的最佳能源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述整合模块是远程服务提供者，其与所述车辆通过所述车辆通信模块通信，所述服务提供者具有计算装置，所述计算装置具有处理能力以及大的存储器存储能力以便执行用于确定偏好参数的优先级的统计和分析程序。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述服务提供者包括用于为每个被监测车辆保持相应参数数据的记录的数据库。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述远程服务提供者监测多个车辆操作，其中所述多个车辆操作被用于确定偏好参数的优先级。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述接口模块是能够执行统计和分析程序的车内处理器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述至少一个车外可再生能源包括来自电力事业服务提供者的电能。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述至少一个车外可再生能源包括住宅区域太阳能发电系统。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述至少一个车外可再生能源包括住宅区域风力涡轮机发电系统。
9.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述车内能量参数数据包括可用充电电压、车辆蓄电池的充电状态以及启用的车辆电负载中的至少一者。
10.根据权利要求9所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述车内能量参数数据还包括所述能量存储装置的温度数据。
11.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述用户参数数据还包括用户识别的计划行进路线。
12.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中通过所述整合模块获得商用能量参数数据，其中所述商用能量参数数据包括商用能量的成本和商用能量的零售地点中的至少一者。
13.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述车内可再生能源包括太阳能板阵列。
14.根据权利要求13所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述车内可再生能源参数数据包括区域性天气预报数据以便估计所述车内太阳能板阵列能够捕获的阳光辐射的量。
15.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述能量存储装置是低压能量存储装置。
16.根据权利要求15所述的可配置能量管理系统，还包括车内高能存储装置，所述车内高能存储装置被设置成从所述车内可再生能源和所述至少一个车外可再生能源接收电能。
17.根据权利要求16所述的可配置能量管理系统，还包括被联接在所述车内高能存储装置和低能存储装置之间的辅助动力模块，其中所述辅助动力模块将高压转换成低压以便分配给所述低能存储装置。
18.根据权利要求16所述的可配置能量管理系统，还包括AC至DC转换器以用于将来自所述至少一个车外可再生能源的AC电压转换成DC电压，被转换的DC电压被供应给所述车内高能存储装置。
19.根据权利要求16所述的可配置能量管理系统，还包括用于存储来自所述至少一个车外可再生能源的电能的车外能量存储装置。
20.根据权利要求19所述的可配置能量管理系统，还包括DC至DC转换器以用于将来自所述至少一个车外可再生能源的第一DC电压变换成用于存储在所述车内高能存储装置内的第二DC电压。
21.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述用户接口装置是无线智能电话。
22.根据权利要求21所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述用户接口装置下载基于网络的数据，该基于网络的数据被提供给所述整合模块。
23.根据权利要求1所述的可配置能量管理系统，其中所述整合模块下载所述基于网络的数据。
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