CN103087349B - 一种单螺杆热化学、强力剪切复合脱硫设备及其脱硫方法 - Google Patents

一种单螺杆热化学、强力剪切复合脱硫设备及其脱硫方法 Download PDF

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CN103087349B
CN103087349B CN201310005753.7A CN201310005753A CN103087349B CN 103087349 B CN103087349 B CN 103087349B CN 201310005753 A CN201310005753 A CN 201310005753A CN 103087349 B CN103087349 B CN 103087349B
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吕柏源
黄汉雄
吕晓龙
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Qingdao high machine technology Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及废旧橡胶制备的胶粉或胶粒(块)的脱硫(再生胶)设备及其脱硫方法。一种螺旋啮合喂料单螺杆热化学/强力剪切复合脱硫设备,该设备喂料段机筒和脱硫段机筒内安装一带有强力剪作用的螺杆,采用二阶或多阶单螺杆热化学/强力剪切复合脱硫装置代替了动态脱硫与多螺旋脱硫只起热化学脱硫设备和方法或双螺杆不易控制剪切作用脱硫设备与方法。本发明可以极大地提高脱硫效率、提高生产效率、提高自洁性、提高工作稳定性与可靠性、简化结构、减少占地面积、降低能耗、降低运行成本以及脱硫过程是在全封闭条件下进行的,没有污染,实现绿色脱硫过程,同时简化脱硫过程的操作等。

Description

一种单螺杆热化学、强力剪切复合脱硫设备及其脱硫方法
技术领域
本发明涉及废旧橡胶制备的胶粉或胶粒(块)的脱硫(再生胶)设备及其脱硫方法,特别是涉及一种螺旋啮合喂料单螺杆热化学/强力剪切复合脱硫设备及其脱硫方法,具体地说脱硫的喂料采用螺旋啮合喂料装置和方法,而脱硫过程采用单螺杆特殊强力剪切功能的结构并结合高温热化学的脱硫功能,进而实现高效连续复合脱硫的方法。
背景技术
在上世纪七十年代就采用了动态脱硫设备的动态脱硫方法,它是将废旧橡胶制备的胶粉加上再生剂混合后放入带搅拌装置的脱硫罐内,罐体内加入适量的水并通入蒸汽,罐体夹层用热蒸汽或其他介质加热,脱硫过程边加热边搅拌,一般需要2~4小时,然后出料。直至目前为止,脱硫方法仍然以动态脱硫为主,由于这种传统方法存在能源消耗大、环境污染严重、间歇生产效率低、后处理工艺繁琐和劳动强度大等问题。
国内外专业工作者为了突破这种传统技术,集中人力、物力和财力对新型脱硫方法进行了各种研究。其中有两种方法突破了传统间歇脱硫方法实现了连续脱硫:一是多螺旋连续脱硫方法;二是双螺杆连续脱硫方法。这些方法对连续脱硫提高生产效率、减少环境污染、节能降耗都有显著的进步,迈出了脱硫技术的重要一步。但这些方法仍存在以下问题:一是脱硫过程仍然是以热化学为主,影响了脱硫效果;二是脱硫过程自洁性能差,容易产生机械故障,降低了使用的可靠性;三是设备体积庞大;四是后处理工艺繁琐并容易造成环境污染等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术脱硫效率低、吃料能力差、自洁性能不可靠、结构复杂、体积庞大、能耗大、污染严重和运行成本高等缺点,提供一种单螺杆热化学/强力剪切复合脱硫设备及脱硫方法。该复合脱硫设备和方法可以极大地提高脱硫效率、提高生产效率、提高自洁性、提高工作稳定性与可靠性、简化结构、减少占地面积、降低能耗、实现绿色脱硫过程和降低运行成本等。
本发明所要解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种单螺杆热化学、强力剪切复合脱硫设备,包括脱硫装置和连接在脱硫装置上的喂料装置以及调压装置,所述脱硫装置包括有脱硫段机筒,脱硫段机筒一端连接有喂料段机筒,脱硫段机筒另一端连接调压装置,喂料段机筒和脱硫段机筒内安装一带有强力剪作用的螺杆,喂料段机筒还与减速箱(102)箱体连接,所述螺杆的尾部连接到减速箱主轴上;所述脱硫装置的脱硫段机筒、喂料段机筒以及位于该机筒内的螺杆中均设置有加热结构。
作为上述方案的优化改进,脱硫装置采用二阶脱硫,所述脱硫段机筒包括有一阶机筒、二阶机筒,所述二阶机筒用螺栓与一阶机筒连接,一阶机筒与喂料段机筒连接,并将螺杆穿过连接好的机筒,同时分别将一阶机筒销钉和二阶机筒销钉插入螺杆相应的切槽内,
为了增加对螺杆对脱硫物料的剪切力,对上述技术方案螺杆做进一步改进,所述螺杆上的螺纹包括喂料段螺纹、一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹、二阶分流/强力剪切螺纹,一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹与喂料段螺纹相接;一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹由一阶螺杆切槽和一阶强力剪切螺纹构成,二阶分流/强力剪切螺纹与一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹相接,二阶分流/强力剪切螺纹由二阶螺杆切槽和二阶强力剪切螺纹构成,强力剪切螺纹由主、副螺纹构成,主、副螺纹具有高低差。
上述技术方案中调压装置由一带内锥体的调压座和设于调压座内的带外锥体的调压芯构成,所述调压座的内锥体上设有限制外锥体移动区域的内导向定位体,调压芯的外锥体设有与之相配合的外导向定位体,调压座的内锥体与调压芯的外锥体相配合,在调压时通过调压芯的轴向移动,可将锥面位置从A到B,使锥面间隙从0到最大,进而实现调压作用。
上述技术方案中的喂料装置为螺旋啮合喂料装置,包括固定在喂料段机筒上的支座,所述支座内安装有螺旋辊,螺旋辊表面设有与喂料段机筒内螺杆螺纹导程或螺距相对应的螺旋辊螺纹,螺旋辊螺纹方向与喂料段机筒内螺杆螺纹方向相反。螺旋辊螺纹与螺杆上的螺纹形成非紧密啮合,在喂料装置运转时,螺旋辊与螺杆相向运动。
采用上述技术方案中所述的强力剪切复合脱硫设备的脱硫方法是:
(1)将喂料段机筒、一阶机筒、二阶机筒和螺杆按工艺要求分别通过热油循环温控系统加热至设定温度,并恒温保持一定时间,以便脱硫设备的每一部位都得到均匀的加热;
(2)调压装置调整到设定位置;
(3)启动本设备的驱动装置及减速箱,使螺杆转动,将配有软化剂和活化剂的废胶粉或胶粒(块)送入螺旋啮合喂料装置,废胶粉或胶粒(块)通过热化学作用和强力剪切单螺杆的强力剪切作用破坏其分子链实现脱硫操作后,脱硫胶粉将连续的通过调压装置的间隙并从脱硫胶粉的排胶口排出,脱硫完成。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
1.本发明克服了现有脱硫设备与方法中脱硫过程仍然以热化学反应为主而影响脱硫效果的缺点。本发明的脱硫过程除保持热化学反应功能外,还采用了具有特殊剪切功能的单螺杆,对脱硫的物料进行强制高剪切作用,能有效地破坏物料中的SS键和SC键和扩展强化物料热化学反应的脱硫效果,进而有效地提高脱硫效果。
2.本发明采用螺旋啮合喂料装置和方法,以及具有优良自洁性能的单螺杆结构,保证了脱硫过程强制输送功能,不但提高了脱硫过程的生产效率,还实现了脱硫过程的自洁功能,避免具有高温的物料停滞在螺旋叶片上或螺杆的螺棱上面,导致物料的焦烧和粘结而影响设备使用的可靠性以及带来维护保养的困难。
3.本发明采用结构简单的单螺杆结构,不但实现了连续脱硫的功能,同时比起现双螺杆结构和多螺旋结构的脱硫设备,其体积显著减小、结构简单、制造容易、运行成本低以及节能降耗等优异性能。
4.本发明在排料末端设置了可调节脱硫过程压力参数的装置,不但可以根据不同的脱硫物料设定脱硫压力,以便获得高质量的脱硫效果,同时使排出的物料具有粉状外,还具有压实的棒状或条状,使具有污染的气体不易逸出和最大限度避免脱硫物料与空气接触,进而避免造成环境污染。
附图说明
图1为螺旋啮合喂料单螺杆热化学/强力剪切复合脱硫设备外形图。
图2为脱硫设备机筒/螺杆系统结构图。
图3为脱硫设备机筒结构图。
图4为脱硫设备机筒横截面结构图。
图5为脱硫设备螺杆结构图。
图6为一阶强力剪切螺纹的主副螺纹结构放大图。
图7为螺旋啮合喂料装置结构图。
图8为调压装置内部结构图。
具体实施方式
下面给出本发明的优选实施例,对本发明做进一步说明,并不是对本发明的限定。
如图1所示,一种采用螺旋啮合喂料单螺杆热化学/强力剪切复合脱硫设备,包括调压装置103、脱硫装置101、螺旋啮合喂料装置100以及减速箱102,底座104及底座104上的支架105。
所述脱硫装置包括一阶机筒6、二阶机筒1、喂料段机筒10以及螺杆2,二阶机筒1用螺栓5与一阶机筒6连接,一阶机筒6与喂料段机筒10用螺栓连接,并将螺杆2穿过连接好的一阶机筒6、二阶机筒1、喂料段机筒10,同时分别将一阶机筒销钉7和二阶机筒销钉4分别插入螺杆2的一阶机筒切槽8和二阶机筒切槽3内。
所述脱硫装置101的螺杆花键轴13和法兰12用螺栓11与减速箱102连接,减速箱102安装在底座104上,脱硫装置101由支架105与底座104支撑并联接。所述螺旋啮合喂料装置Ⅲ用螺栓16与喂料段机筒10连接。
所述调压装置103,其法兰14与二阶机筒1用螺栓15连接。由此构成一套完整的螺旋啮合喂料单螺杆热化学、强力剪切复合脱硫设备。
本实施例脱硫装置为二阶复合脱硫装置,起到热化学、强力剪切脱硫作用的机筒为一阶机筒6和二阶机筒1,一阶机筒和二阶机筒的筒体结构相同。以一阶机筒筒体结构为例说明,如图3所示,一阶机筒6包括机筒体18、衬套19、销钉7、左法兰盘17和右法兰盘20、定位销22和加热流道21。机筒体18内安装有衬套19,机筒体18与衬套19用定位销22固定,销钉7通过机筒体18和衬套19设置的孔进入螺杆2的切槽8,在机筒体18的左右两端焊接上左法兰盘17和右法兰盘20,在机筒体18轴向方向钻有加热流道21(参见图4),加热介质通过进口23进入加热流道21,以便对脱硫物料进行加热,经过加热流道的介质从出口24返回机外的导热油恒温系统。
如图5所示,所述螺杆2的螺纹包括喂料段螺纹31、一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹36、二阶分流/强力剪切螺纹37、返胶槽32、花键33、螺杆头25和螺杆加
热流道34。一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹36与喂料螺纹31相接,一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹36由一阶螺杆切槽8和一阶强力剪切螺纹27构成,二阶分流/强力剪切螺纹37和一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹36相接,二阶分流/强力剪切螺纹37由二阶螺杆切槽3和二阶强力剪切螺纹26构成。一阶强力剪切螺纹27和二阶强力剪切螺纹26分别由主螺纹30和副螺纹29构成,主螺纹30和副螺纹29具有高低差28。主螺纹30和副螺纹29结构参见图6。
所述螺旋啮合喂料装置,如图7所示,螺旋啮合喂料装置Ⅲ由支座47固定在喂料段机筒10上,支座47内安装有螺旋辊42,螺旋辊42表面设有与喂料段机筒10内螺杆2螺纹导程或螺距相对应的螺旋辊螺纹49,螺旋辊螺纹49方向与喂料段机筒10内螺杆螺纹31方向相反;在螺旋辊42的左端轴51上装有左轴承39,左轴承39安装在左轴承座40上,在左轴承40右端面安装有衬套41,衬套右端面与螺旋辊左端面为微间隙配合,衬套的内孔穿过螺旋辊42左端轴51并固定在右轴承座40上;在螺旋辊42的右端轴46上装有右轴承43,右轴承43安装在右轴承座44上,在右轴承座44的右端设有调节螺母48;螺旋辊42的左端轴上设有排胶槽50,在螺旋辊42左端设有加热冷却流道38。
如图8所示,所述调压装置103包括调压座54、调压座54内的调压芯55、压力传感器52、排料管59和法兰14。调压座54由内锥体56、内导向定位体60和构成,在其前端部设有法兰53;调压芯55由外锥体57、外导向定位体61和构成;调压座54的内锥体56与调压芯55的外锥体57相配合,内锥体56和外锥体57的配合处设置有调节螺纹。在调压时,通过调压芯55沿调节螺纹的轴向移动,可将锥面位置从A到B,使锥面间的间隙从0变到最大进而实现调压作用。所述调压座54还开有连通内锥体56和外锥体57的间隙以及外界环境的排料管59。
本发明脱硫方法法如下:将喂料段机筒10、一阶机筒6、二阶机筒1和螺杆2按工艺要求分别通过热油循环温控系统加热至设定温度,并恒温保持一定时间,以便脱硫设备的每一部位都得到均匀的加热;调压装置103调整到设定位置,在调压时,通过调节螺纹的进退实现调节外锥与内锥的构成环形间隙太小,进而调节脱硫过程的压力。转动螺杆2,将配有软化剂和活化剂的废胶粉或胶粒(块)送入螺旋啮合喂料装置100,胶粉在螺旋啮合喂料装置100中的正位移输送下,胶粉顺利的输送至一阶机筒销钉7/螺杆2,胶粉不断地分流和搅拌,使胶粉和配合剂开始均匀地被加热,接着这些物料在螺杆2的推进下,进入带有主副螺纹的一阶强力剪切螺纹27所在区域,使物料强力通过主螺纹30和副螺纹29高低差28的构成的剪切间隙,一方面使物料产生强力剪切作用破坏其分子链实现脱硫效果,一方面使物料拓展其每一个表面并与加热设备的表面进行充分热交换实现热化学的脱硫效果;通过一阶热化学/强力剪切的机筒/螺杆复合脱硫系统后,物料继续往前推进到二阶复合脱硫系统,以同样上述的原理进一步强化其脱硫效果。
根据不同条件、不同物料,可以设置三阶以至四阶的热化学/强力剪切的的多阶复合脱硫系统,以便获得最优的脱硫效果。也就是在脱硫过程运转时,被强制输送的物料通过多阶机筒销钉的搅拌作用和多阶强力剪切螺纹的剪切作用,实现脱硫的效果。通过脱硫操作后,脱硫胶粉将连续的通过调压装置103的间隙进入脱硫胶粉的排胶口59,并将进入脱硫胶的后处理工段。
本发明采用螺旋啮合喂料装置代替和简化了双螺杆正位移的喂料结构方法;采用二阶或多阶单螺杆热化学/强力剪切复合脱硫装置代替了动态脱硫与多螺旋脱硫只起热化学脱硫设备和方法或双螺杆难以控制剪切作用脱硫设备与方法;采用了脱硫过程可根据脱硫的物料品种和工艺条件调节优化的压力代替多螺旋和双螺杆脱硫过程未能调节压力的设备和方法。本发明大大地简化了脱硫设备的结构,不但使设备结构紧凑、脱硫效率高、降低能耗、降低造价、降低运行成本、避免污染,同时提高了设备的可靠性,尤其脱硫过程是在全封闭的条件下进行的,没有污染,实现绿色脱硫过程。本发明易于推广应用,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。

Claims (4)

1.一种单螺杆热化学、强力剪切复合脱硫设备,包括脱硫装置和连接在脱硫装置上的喂料装置以及调压装置,其特征在于:
所述脱硫装置(101)包括有脱硫段机筒,脱硫段机筒一端连接有喂料段机筒(10),脱硫段机筒另一端连接调压装置(103),喂料段机筒和脱硫段机筒内安装一带有强力剪切作用的螺杆,喂料段机筒还与减速箱(102)箱体连接,所述螺杆的尾部连接到减速箱主轴上;
所述脱硫装置的脱硫段机筒、喂料段机筒以及位于该机筒内的螺杆(2)中均设置有加热结构;
所述螺杆(2)上的螺纹包括喂料段螺纹(31)、一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹(36)、二阶分流/强力剪切螺纹(37),一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹与喂料段螺纹相接;一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹由一阶螺杆切槽和一阶强力剪切螺纹构成,二阶分流/强力剪切螺纹与一阶分流/强力剪切螺纹相接,二阶分流/强力剪切螺纹由二阶螺杆切槽和二阶强力剪切螺纹构成,强力剪切螺纹由主、副螺纹构成,主、副螺纹具有高低差。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单螺杆热化学、强力剪切复合脱硫设备,其特征在于:所述脱硫段机筒包括有一阶机筒(6)、二阶机筒(1),所述二阶机筒(1)用螺栓与一阶机筒连接,一阶机筒(6)与喂料段机筒(10)连接,并将螺杆(2)穿过连接好的机筒,同时分别将一阶机筒销钉和二阶机筒销钉插入螺杆相应的切槽内,
所述喂料装置为螺旋啮合喂料装置(100),所述调压装置与脱硫段机筒中的二阶机筒用螺栓连接,
所述加热结构为一阶机筒和二阶机筒轴向方向开设的可供加热介质从一端流入并从另一端流出的加热流道(21),以及螺杆(2)轴向开设的可供加热介质进出螺杆的加热流道(34),
所述调压装置由一带内锥体(56)的调压座(54)和设于调压座(54)内的带外锥体(57)的调压芯(55)构成,所述调压座(54)的内锥体(56)上设有限制外锥体(57)移动区域的内导向定位体(60),调压芯(55)的外锥体(57)设有与之相配合的外导向定位体(61),调压座的内锥体与调压芯的外锥体相配合,在调压时通过调压芯的轴向移动,可将锥面位置从A到B,使锥面间隙从0到最大,进而实现调压作用,所述内椎体(56)相对外椎体位于最右侧时的位置为A,所述内椎体(56)相对外椎体位于最左侧时的位置为B,
脱硫段机筒内安装有衬套,机筒体与衬套用定位销固定,销钉通过机筒体和衬套进入螺杆相应的切槽处,在机筒体轴向方向钻有加热流道,加热介质通过进口进入加热流道,以便对脱硫物料进行加热,经过加热流道的介质从出口返回导热油恒温加热系统。
3.根据权利要求2所述的单螺杆热化学、强力剪切复合脱硫设备,其特征在于:螺旋啮合喂料装置固定在喂料段机筒上的支座,所述支座内安装有螺旋辊,螺旋辊表面设有与喂料段机筒内螺杆螺纹导程或螺距相对应的螺旋辊螺纹,螺旋辊螺纹方向与喂料段机筒内螺杆螺纹方向相反。
4.一种使用权利要求3所述的单螺杆热化学、强力剪切复合脱硫设备的脱硫方法,其特征在于:
(1)将喂料段机筒(10)、一阶机筒(6)、二阶机筒(1)和螺杆(2)按工艺要求分别通过热油循环温控系统加热至设定温度,并恒温保持一定时间,以便脱硫设备的每一部位都得到均匀的加热;
(2)调压装置(103)调整到设定位置;
(3)启动本设备的驱动装置及减速箱(102),使螺杆(2)转动,将配有软化剂和活化剂的废胶粉或胶粒(块)送入螺旋啮合喂料装置(100),废胶粉或胶粒(块)通过热化学作用和强力剪切单螺杆的强力剪切作用破坏其分子链实现脱硫操作后,脱硫胶粉将连续的通过调压装置(103)的间隙并从脱硫胶粉的排胶口(59)排出,脱硫完成。
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