CN103079487B - 采用单冷冻剂的冷冻外科器械的加热和冷却 - Google Patents

采用单冷冻剂的冷冻外科器械的加热和冷却 Download PDF

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CN103079487B
CN103079487B CN201180022782.3A CN201180022782A CN103079487B CN 103079487 B CN103079487 B CN 103079487B CN 201180022782 A CN201180022782 A CN 201180022782A CN 103079487 B CN103079487 B CN 103079487B
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N·贝扎克
S·沙伦
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Abstract

冷冻外科系统的特征在于利用单种类型的冷冻剂、但由两个不同的源来冷却和加热。液态冷冻剂冷却诸如是冷冻探头或冷冻导管之类的冷冻外科系统内的冷冻外科器械的末端。气态冷冻剂进一步由加热元件、较佳是电加热元件来加热，从而供给冷冻治疗术的融化和释放部分所需的热量。因此，冷冻外科系统可支持冷冻外科器械的操作的冷冻/融化循环。

Description

采用单冷冻剂的冷冻外科器械的加热和冷却
发明人：NirBerzak和SimonSharon
背景技术
1.技术领域
本发明的实施例总地涉及冷冻外科设备，并更具体地涉及冷冻探头或冷冻导管的加热和冷却。
2.相关技术的描述
已知用于执行冷冻外科手术的冷冻探头，当液态冷冻剂从外部源供给到冷冻探头末端时，冷冻探头利用了流体冷冻剂的相变。一般来说，冷冻剂以液体和/或两相流体的形式递送到冷冻探头内。然后，被递送的冷冻剂的液相通过完全或部分的蒸发来冷却末端（冷冻探头的远侧部段）。
有利的是，可以加热和冷却冷冻探头，以增大消融效率。为了增大效率，大多数冷冻消融治疗具有被融化循环所分开的两个冷却循环，这是因为当组织经历相变时，在温度快速降低或快速升高过程中发生对组织的最大破坏。因此，在融化过程中，加热循环可改善这种现象。在治疗结束时对加热的需求是双倍的，快速加热可改善治疗效率，且探头可容易地从组织释放，从而缩短整个手术时间。
一些诸如氦气之类的被压缩气体在膨胀时加热。这就是为什么在焦耳－汤姆逊过程中广泛地使用氦气的原因。
美国专利公开第20060122590号公开了一种在焦耳－汤姆逊过程中采用单个气体源来加热和冷却冷冻探头的装置。然而，该装置是基于利用高压氩气的绝热膨胀，以进行冷却，并降低高压，以将这种冷却现象减到最少，并对低压氩气进行加热。
发明内容
背景技术没有提供能克服向末端提供有效和充分的冷却和加热的挑战的解决方案。
本发明的实施例通过如下方式来面对这种挑战，即，提供一种冷冻外科系统，该系统特征在于利用单种类型的冷冻剂、但从两个不同的源来进行冷却和加热。液态冷冻剂冷却冷冻外科系统内的冷冻外科器械的末端，冷冻外科器械诸如是冷冻探头或冷冻导管。气态冷冻剂进一步由加热元件、较佳是电加热元件来加热，从而供给冷冻治疗术的融化和释放部分所需的热量。因此，冷冻外科系统可支持冷冻外科器械的操作的冷冻/融化循环。
本发明的示例性实施例可不同地提供一种具有冷冻探头末端的冷冻外科系统，该末端位于冷冻探头的冷冻剂供给通道内或附近，并且主要优点是解决上述技术问题。
本发明的一个方面提供一种冷冻外科系统，该系统包括：冷冻外科器械，该冷冻外科器械包括末端，该末端被流体状态下的冷冻剂冷却，通过加热气态下的相同类型的冷冻剂来加热；流体冷冻剂源，该流体冷冻剂源将液态冷冻剂供给到冷冻外科器械；气态冷冻剂源，该气态冷冻剂源将气态冷冻剂供给到冷冻外科器械；以及加热元件，该加热元件选择性地加热气态冷冻剂。气态冷冻剂和流体冷冻剂不同时供给到冷冻外科器械，而是依次供给，以使流体冷冻剂源与冷冻外科器械流体连通，气态冷冻剂源不与冷冻外科器械流体连通；因而，所述气态冷冻剂源与冷冻外科器械连通，所述流体冷冻剂源不与冷冻外科器械连通。气态冷冻剂源和流体冷冻剂源供给相同类型的冷冻剂。
本发明的另一方面提供一种冷冻外科系统，该系统包括：第一冷冻剂源，提供冷冻剂的该第一源是气相的；第二冷冻剂源，提供冷冻剂的该第二源是液相的；冷冻剂加热部段，该冷冻剂加热部段选择性地加热所提供的气相冷冻剂；以及冷冻外科器械，该冷冻外科器械具有末端，并接纳所提供的两相状态下的冷冻剂。所提供的液相冷冻剂冷却该末端。在通过加热部段被加热之后，所提供的冷冻剂加热末端。仅采用所提供的冷冻剂来实现对末端的加热和冷却。
本发明的又一方面提供一种系统，该系统包括：冷冻外科器械，该冷冻外科器械具有末端；第一容器，该第一容器储存气态的冷冻剂；第二容器，该第二容器储存液态的冷冻剂；以及气态冷冻剂加热器，当气态冷冻剂从第一容器行进到冷冻外科装置时，气态冷冻剂加热器对气态冷冻剂加热。当液态冷冻剂行进到冷冻外科装置时，加热的气态冷冻剂与液态冷冻剂相结合。液态冷冻剂和加热的气态冷冻剂协作，以选择性地对末端加热和/或冷却。
本发明的另一方面提供一种冷冻外科系统，该系统包括：冷冻外科器械，该冷冻外科器械具有末端，该末端通过加热的气态冷冻剂来加热，并通过液态冷冻剂来冷却；用于供给气相的冷冻剂的装置；用于供给液相的冷冻剂的装置；用于将所提供的气态冷冻剂和所提供的液态冷冻剂混合在一起的装置，以将两相冷冻剂递送到冷冻外科器械，该两相冷冻剂包括液相和气相的冷冻剂；以及用于选择性地加热气态冷冻剂的装置。
本发明的这些、附加的和/或其它方面和/或优点：在下面的详细说明中进行阐释；可以从详细说明中推断出；和/或通过实践本发明来了解。
附图说明
从结合附图考虑的实施例的详细说明中会更容易理解本发明，附图中：
图1是与本发明的实施例相一致的、具有冷冻外科器械的冷冻外科系统的示意图，其中，加热元件位于冷冻外科器械内部；
图2是与本发明的实施例相一致的、具有冷冻外科器械的冷冻外科系统的示意图，其中，加热元件位于冷冻外科器械外部；
图3是与本发明的实施例相一致的系统的示意图，其中，来自两相“液体”冷冻剂源的气相转换成气态冷冻剂源和/或液相被加热以充填气态源；
图4是与本发明的实施例相一致的系统的示意图，其中，冷冻剂的气相通过将返回的冷冻剂传递到液相/两相冷冻剂源或气态冷冻剂源来再循环；
图5a是可用于图1的系统的第一示例性冷冻外科器械的纵向剖视图；
图5b是沿图5a的线I-I剖取的、图5a的第一示例性冷冻外科器械的剖视图；
图5c是图5a的冷冻外科器械的换热元件的立体图；
图6a是可用于图1的系统的第二示例性冷冻外科器械的纵向剖视图；
图6b是沿图6a的线II-II剖取的、图6a的第一示例性冷冻外科器械的剖视图；
图6c是图6A的冷冻外科器械的换热元件的立体图；
图7a是可用于图1的系统的第三示例性冷冻外科器械的纵向剖视图；
图7b是沿图7a的线III-III剖取的、图7a的第三示例性冷冻外科器械的剖视图；
图7c是图7a的冷冻外科器械的换热元件的立体图；以及
图8是采用图1的系统的示例性、说明性治疗方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
现将参照附图中所示的示例详细描述本发明的实施例，在这些附图中，相似的附图标记表示相似的元件。通过参照附图，下面描述实施例来解释本发明。
除非以其它方式进行限定，否则本文所使用的所有技术和专用术语具有与本发明所属领域的技术人员通常所理解意思相同的意思。尽管类似似于或等同于本文所述的方法和材料可用于实践或试验本发明，但下面描述合适的方法和材料。在存在冲突的情形下，包括定义的专利说明书将是优先的。此外，材料、方法以及示例仅仅是说明性的且其用意不在于对本发明进行限制。
术语“冷冻外科系统”在此涉及出于冷冻消融外科目的、由冷冻材料源构成的任何类型的冷冻系统，冷冻系统包括但不限于是冷冻探头和冷冻导管。尽管说明集中于冷冻探头，这仅出于说明目的，并且不意在限制。
参照图1，示出有系统100，该系统包括气态冷冻剂源102、液态冷冻剂源104和冷冻外科器械106。
系统100的重要特征是设置在末端124内的加热元件126，在手术的融化部分期间，该加热元件使在末端内流动的冷冻气体变热。加热元件的一个特别有利类型是电加热元件。
冷冻外科器械106包括围绕进入腔116和排出腔119的外轴杆117。进入腔116较佳地包括两个分开的单独部分（在图5a、6a和7a中示出）。第一单独部分是较佳地与排出腔119相邻的气体部分，该气体部分较佳地位于进入腔116的外壁和外轴杆117的内壁之间。第二单独部分是排出腔119，该排出腔可选地由进入腔116的外壁和外轴杆117的内壁来限定，或者替代地可由分隔壁和/或进入腔116的气体部分的外壁来限定（图5a、6a和7a中示出）。
进入腔116接纳来自冷冻源104的两相冷冻流体。进入腔116的液体部分与冷冻外科器械106的末端124连通，以使冷冻剂经过进入腔116，然后流到末端124，由此冷却该末端124并致使形成冰球。
每个冷冻剂源102和104采用诸如氮气之类的相同类型的冷冻剂。同样，每个冷冻剂源102和104与冷冻外科器械106流体连通。
气态冷冻剂源102可以是通过第一液体气体路径连接到冷冻外科器械106的缸体，该第一液体气体路径依次串联地包括连接到第一双向气体阀109的流体气体连接器管路110和具有第二双向气体阀112的气体连接器108，然后，该气体连接器与冷冻外科器械106的进入腔116流体连通。
液态冷冻剂源104经由第二气体路径连接到冷冻外科器械106，该第二气体路径依次串联地包括流体液体连接器管路118、液体双向阀120，然后，该液体双向阀与冷冻外科器械106的进入腔116流体连通。与液态冷冻剂源104流体连通的这些部件输送包括液体和气体成分的两相流体。
冷冻剂源102和104不同时将冷冻剂供给到冷冻探头106的末端124。通过双向阀112和120的可选操作实现对适当的源102或104的选择。
为了加热末端124，使来自冷冻剂源102的气态冷冻剂递送到并进入进入腔116，流到加热元件126并由该加热元件来加热。加热元件126以及因此气态冷冻剂的温度较佳地受到热电耦128的控制，该热电耦可感测气态冷冻剂的温度并与加热元件126电通信。
更具体地，热电耦128提供关于加热的冷冻剂温度的反馈，该反馈可用于调节加热元件126的操作。例如，当加热元件是电阻型时，来自热电耦的反馈可用于调节流到加热元件的电流量。未示出的控制加热的其它方式可通过将热电耦放置在冷冻外科探头外部的排出腔119处或测量电气元件的电阻来实现。
由于冷冻流体在源104和102中是相同的，所以来自源104的液相顶部的气相可通过连接管路129和阀130充填源102。
为了安全的原因，气态冷冻剂源102可选地还具有用于确定内部压力的压力计184。
因此，如所示，有相同冷冻剂的两个分立的源，一个源供给液态的冷冻剂（104），另一个源供给气态的冷冻剂（102）。操作时，这些冷冻剂源与加热元件126协作来提供冷冻外科器械106的可选的冷却和加热。更具体地，当期望对冷冻外科器械106进行加热时，来自气态源102的气态冷冻剂选择性地通过加热元件126来加热。
参照图2，示出有系统200，该系统包括气态冷冻剂源202、液态冷冻剂源204和冷冻外科器械206。系统100的许多结构与系统200共享。
每个冷冻剂源202和204采用诸如氮气之类的相同冷冻剂。同样，每个冷冻剂源202和204与冷冻外科器械206流体连通。
然而，系统100和200之间的一个差别是加热元件226位于冷冻外科器械206外部。如所示，加热元件226可位于气态冷冻剂源202下游，与气体连接器208串联。例如，加热元件226可选地定位在至进入腔216的流体连接部之前。加热元件226也可以是电（电阻）加热元件。其它加热结构也是可以且可设想的。例如，附加地和/或替代地，加热元件226可以是对用户的抓持敏感的压电元件。
在系统200中，热电耦228也可定位成串联至气体连接器208。如图2中所示，热电耦228可定位在加热元件226后面。然而，该热电耦228可定位在进入腔216上游的其它位置。
可选地可设置一个或多个附加的热电耦。例如，如所示可选地有两个这种附加的热电耦，包括末端224处的热电耦231和排出腔219处的热电耦232。
因此，如所示，有相同冷冻剂的两个分立的源，一个源供给液态的冷冻剂（204），另一个源供给气态的冷冻剂（202）。在操作时，这些冷冻剂源与加热元件226协作来提供冷冻外科器械106的可选的冷却和加热。更具体地，当期望对冷冻外科器械106进行加热时，来自气体源202的气态冷冻剂选择性地通过加热元件226来加热。气体在进入腔216的上游被加热。
参照图3，示出有系统300，该系统包括气态冷冻剂源302、液态冷冻剂源304和冷冻外科器械306。系统200的许多结构与系统300相同。
每个冷冻剂源302和304采用诸如氮气之类的相同冷冻剂。同样，每个冷冻剂源302和304与冷冻外科器械306流体连通。
系统200和300之间的一个差别是将来自液态冷冻剂源304的气相传递到气态冷冻剂源302。该气相通过用液态冷冻剂源304内或与其相邻的电加热器331加热气相来产生。如所示，电加热器331较佳地放置在液态冷冻剂源304内。附加地和/或替代地，加热元件331可以沉浸在液相内、与液态冷冻剂的总体积直接接触，或插入液态冷冻剂源304内的小容器（未示出）内。该小容器可通过管路329连接到气态冷冻剂源302。可选地和较佳地，电加热器331并不在流体液体连接器管路318周围，并且电加热器331不放置成与液体连接器管路318串联。
有利地，电加热器331根据探测到的性能/操作参数来激活和/或失效，这些参数借助非限制的示例诸如是由压力计384记录的压力、温度、时刻（例如根据冷冻剂从液态冷冻剂源304流出的时间段）或其组合。
在操作时，液态冷冻剂源304内的加热元件331加热其内的液态冷冻剂的一部分，并将这部分转换成气体。额外的热能造成液态冷冻剂源304内的压力增大，这促使气相传递到气态冷冻剂源302。通过阀330和322的选择性操作，产生的气相在冷冻剂源302和304之间经由管路329和管路309传递。
加热元件331的尺寸和类型可取决于获得期望压力的速度。用于实施加热元件331的一个有利示例是采用250-1000瓦之间的绝缘电气型加热元件。
在不期望受制于封闭列表（closedlist）的情况下，发明人已发现这种元件能有效地将液态冷冻剂源304内的压力在分钟量级的合理短的时间内增大到100psi。压力增大通常使冷冻剂的沸点温度上升。采用电加热器331来增大液态冷冻剂源304内的压力的益处在于简化了直接将能量转换成压力的能量源的使用。另一要求是需要较少的时间，以及为了相同目的便于对泵进行控制。在冷冻剂源302和304之间泵送气态冷冻剂需要泵和附加的管道，这通过采用加热元件331来避免。
更具体地，系统300内的加热器331用于通过使储存于其内的液态冷冻剂沸腾来升高液态冷冻剂源304和302内的压力，直至压力到达由压力计384测量的规定阈值。这通过保持阀330和309打开以及使阀312和320关闭来完成。特别有利的阈值可以例如在约40-100psi之间。
对于融化的操作模式，另一加热元件326定位在冷冻外科器械306外部，并还在液态冷冻剂源302的外部。如所示，加热元件326可位于气态冷冻剂源302下游，与气体连接器308串联。例如，加热元件326可选地定位在单向阀314后面。加热元件326也可以是电（电阻）加热元件。其它加热结构也是可以的且可设想的。例如，附加地和/或替代地，加热元件326可以是对用户的抓持敏感的压电元件。
在系统300中，为了在主动融化期间监测气相的加热，热电耦328还可定位成与气体连接器308串联。如图3中所示，热电耦328可定位在加热元件326后面。然而，该热电耦328可定位在进入腔316上游的其它位置。监测加热的热电耦328的位置还可以可选地定位在末端330处，而热电耦332的位置还可以可选地定位在返回/排出管路319处。
因此，如所示，有相同冷冻剂的两个分立的源，一个源供给液态的冷冻剂（304），另一个源供给气态的冷冻剂（302）。在操作时，这些冷冻剂源与加热元件326协作来提供冷冻外科器械106的可选的冷却和加热。更具体地，当期望对冷冻外科器械306进行加热时，来自气态源302的气态冷冻剂选择性地由加热元件326来加热。气体在进入腔316的上游被加热。为了提供附加的气态冷冻剂并有助于该过程，可选地并较佳地通过用气态冷冻剂源304内或与其相邻的电加热器331来加热气相而将来自液态冷冻剂源304的气相传递到气态冷冻剂源302。
参照图4，示出有系统400，该系统包括气态冷冻剂源402、液态冷冻剂源404和冷冻外科器械406。系统100的许多结构与系统400相同。还由系统400提供冷冻/融化循环，这些冷冻/融化循环如图1的系统所述地通过交替应用液态冷冻剂和气态冷冻剂来提供。然而，系统400如下所述还具有再循环方案，以使附加的气态冷冻剂能返回到气态冷冻剂源402，由此有利地加满对气态冷冻剂源402内的气态冷冻剂的供给。
系统100和400之间的一个差别在于排出腔419，在液体（两相）冷冻剂已沸腾而使末端424冷却之后，气相通过该排出腔返回。如由双向阀432调节的，返回的气相用于充填气态冷冻剂源402内的气态冷冻剂，这是通过用泵434将返回的气相泵送经过连接器管路433和另一泵连接器管路431来实现的。
在系统400中，泵434压缩来自管路419的返回冷冻剂，并通过打开阀432和430将返回冷冻剂经由管路433、431和429返回到气态冷冻剂源404。此操作增大气态冷冻剂源404内的压力。附加地和/或替代地，系统400的泵434通过以下方式增大气态冷冻剂源402内的压力，即，压缩管路419内的返回流体，并通过打开阀432和420将返回流体经由管路433和431传递到气态冷冻剂源402。
压力计409较佳地控制泵434的工作，例如通过使泵434接通和断开，因而，如果气态冷冻剂源404处的压力到达一定阈值，则泵434断开和/或安全阀491打开。作为非限制的示例，对于液态冷冻剂来说较佳的压力范围是40psi到100psi，但较佳地对其它类型的冷冻剂而言可调节该范围。
由系统400提供用于主动融化的完整的再循环方案。在此操作模式期间，阀432和412打开，而阀430和420关闭。气态冷冻剂通过泵经由管路433、431、408、416和419来循环。
转到图5a-5c，示出有可用于系统100、200、300或400中的任一个系统的冷冻外科器械500的示例。冷冻外科器械500包括外轴杆508，该外轴杆具有隔热件504和进口509，根据冷冻剂如前所述所流出的源，流体和气态冷冻剂经由该进口流到内轴杆509。然后，冷冻剂被反射表面510反射，该反射表面较佳地位于末端505处，但与末端在空间上间隔开，该末端是闭合的，较佳是实心的末端。然后，反射的冷冻剂快速地进入并流经换热加强元件501的多个排出凹槽507（图5B和5C中示出）。凹槽507较佳地是平直的凹槽，并起到用于接纳膨胀的返回冷冻剂的多个返回通道的作用。凹槽507较佳地与出口503连通，以随后将冷冻剂排到冷冻外科器械500外。凹槽507可沿周向、围绕换热加强元件501的纵向轴线来设置。
在操作的冷冻部分期间，液态冷冻剂进入进口509，并行经内轴杆509。然后，液态冷冻剂被反射源510反射，并行经排出凹槽507。由箭头所示的传热区511由隔热件504的边界所限定。传热区511使末端505激冷，并因此形成冰球。
在操作融化部分期间，气态冷冻剂进入进口509，并作为液态冷冻剂行进。尽管流经排出凹槽507，但加热元件515加热气态冷冻剂，该气态冷冻剂又加热轴508（与组织接触），并增大经过凹槽507的流速。然后，气态冷冻剂经出口503离开。
如图5b和5c中所示，加热元件515可以是电加热线圈元件，该电加热线圈元件具有设置在换热加强元件501的凹槽507内的多个线圈。如所示，凹槽507设置在换热加强元件501的外部周围。通过电路512将电力供给到加热元件515（还在图5a中示出）。线圈513较佳地被覆盖成仅使热量传递经过线圈。
如上所述，隔热件504终止来自冷冻外科器械500的传热，由此限定传热区511的端部，其中，在换热区511处吸收来自外部环境的热量。
如上解释，上述构造增大返流的速度。通过增大返流的速度，改善换热区511处的轴508之间的换热。放置于凹槽507内的加热线圈对气态冷冻剂加热，从而将热直接传递到轴508，并间接地通过与换热加强元件501接触的表面来传导热量，从而在换热区511处使冰球解冻。
转到图6a-6c，示出有可用于系统100、200、300或400中的任一个系统的冷冻外科器械600的示例。冷冻外科器械600具有与图5a-5c的冷冻外科器械相同的许多特征，具有相同或相似功能的元件是在相同数字加上100。冷冻外科器械600的功能也与冷冻外科器械500高度相似。然而，较佳的是将金属丝613设置成使多个金属丝613在每个凹槽607内平行延伸，以产生被电流加热的一个长电阻元件。
如图6c中所示，金属丝613示出为沿凹槽607设置，从而像电机的转子那样包裹换热加强元件615。
转到图7a-7c，示出有可用于系统100、200、300或400中的任一个系统的冷冻外科器械700的示例。冷冻外科器械700具有与图5a-5c的冷冻外科器械相同的许多特征，且具有相同或相似功能的元件具有相同数字加上200。冷冻外科器械700的功能也与冷冻外科器械500高度相似。然而，较佳地凹槽707定位在换热加强元件701内部，但在内冷冻剂供给通道的外部。金属丝713较佳地作为线圈定位在凹槽707内。
图8示出执行冷冻外科消融的方法800。在随后对方法800的说明中，一致参照图1的系统100。这种一致的参照仅便于理解方法800。应理解到该方法不必一定用于系统100，并可用于具有其它构造的系统。
在操作810中，液态的冷冻剂充填液态冷冻剂源/储存器（104）。在操作820中，气态的冷冻剂传递到气态冷冻剂源/储存器（102）。接下来，在操作830中，将与冷冻剂源/储存器连通的冷冻外科器械的末端（124）插入目标组织内，以准备好进行冷冻消融。方法800的冷冻消融过程由冷冻和融化的一个或多个两步循环构成。在操作840中，末端通过冷的液态冷冻剂流来冷却。在操作850中，末端通过热的液态冷冻剂流来加热。
在操作860中，确定是否应重复两步冷冻/融化循环。当确定应重复两步循环时，方法回到操作830。当确定不应重复两步循环时，方法继续到操作860，其中，冷冻外科器械通过热气态冷冻剂流来加热，以便于从目标组织释放。
操作840-860可重复进行，直至实现期望的冷冻消融结果。
如前面所示，实施例提供了利用从液态冷冻剂源和气态冷冻剂源递送的单冷冻剂来冷却和加热的选择。液态冷冻剂冷却诸如是冷冻外科器械或冷冻导管之类的的冷冻外科器械的末端。气态冷冻剂通过加热元件、较佳的是电加热元件来加热，从而加热末端。
已提供各种特征/方面/部件/操作的示例以便于理解本发明的公开的实施例。此外，已讨论各种优先性来便于理解本发明的公开的实施例。应理解到在此公开的所有示例的优先性意在非限制性的。
尽管已单独地示出和描述本发明的选择实施例，但应理解到可以结合所述实施例的至少各方面。
尽管已示出和描述本发明的选择的实施例，但应理解到本发明不限于所述的实施例。相反，应理解到可对这些实施例作变化，而不脱离本发明的原理和精神，本发明的范围由权利要求书及其等同物来限定。

Claims (14)

1.一种冷冻外科系统，包括：
冷冻外科器械，所述冷冻外科器械包括末端，所述末端通过流体状态下的冷冻剂来冷却，并通过加热气态下的相同类型的冷冻剂来加热；
流体冷冻剂源，所述流体冷冻剂源将液态冷冻剂供给到所述冷冻外科器械；
气态冷冻剂源，所述气态冷冻剂源将气态冷冻剂供给到所述冷冻外科器械；以及
加热元件，所述加热元件选择性地加热所述气态冷冻剂，
其中，所述冷冻外科系统还包括换热加强元件，所述换热加强元件设置在所述冷冻外科器械内、在所述末端附近并在换热区内，所述加强元件具有沿所述加强元件纵长方向、沿周向设置的多个外部冷冻剂返回凹槽，
其中，所述气态冷冻剂和所述流体冷冻剂不同时供给到所述冷冻外科器械，而是依次供给，因而，所述流体冷冻剂源与所述冷冻外科器械流体连通，所述气态冷冻剂源不与所述冷冻外科器械流体连通；所述气态冷冻剂源与所述冷冻外科器械连通，所述流体冷冻剂源不与所述冷冻外科器械连通，以及
其中，所述气态冷冻剂源和所述流体冷冻剂源供给相同类型的冷冻剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述冷冻外科器械、所述流体冷冻剂源和所述气态冷冻剂源包括闭合系统。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述流体冷冻剂源与所述气态冷冻剂源气体连通，且液态冷冻剂源内的气相冷冻剂传递到所述气态冷冻剂源。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于，所述流体冷冻剂源包括冷冻剂加热器，所述冷冻剂加热器对液态冷冻剂加热，并将所述液态冷冻剂转化成气态冷冻剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，从所述冷冻外科器械排出的冷冻剂的气相递送到所述气态冷冻剂源。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述加热元件在所述冷冻外科器械的上游。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述加热元件在所述气态冷冻剂和所述液态冷冻剂在供给到所述冷冻外科器械之前共同混合的部段的上游。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括设置在所述凹槽内的加热元件。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述加热元件是电加热线圈元件，所述电加热线圈元件具有(i)设置在所述凹槽内的多个线圈或(ii)设置在所述凹槽内的多个金属丝，所述金属丝在每个凹槽内多次延伸，以产生一个长电阻元件。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述线圈是隔热的。
11.如权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述凹槽沿所述加强元件的内部通道的纵长方向设置，或沿所述加强元件的外部通道的纵长方向设置。
12.一种冷冻外科系统，包括：
第一冷冻剂源，提供冷冻剂的第一源是气相的；
第二冷冻剂源，提供冷冻剂的第一源是液相的；
冷冻剂加热部段，所述冷冻剂加热部段选择性地加热所提供的气相冷冻剂；以及
冷冻外科器械，所设冷冻外科器械具有末端，并接纳所提供的两相状态下的冷冻剂，
其中，所述冷冻外科系统还包括换热加强元件，所述换热加强元件设置在所述冷冻外科器械内、在所述末端附近并在换热区内，所述加强元件具有沿所述加强元件纵长方向、沿周向设置的多个外部冷冻剂返回凹槽，
其中，所提供的液相冷冻剂冷却所述末端，
其中，在由加热部段加热之后，所提供的冷冻剂加热所述末端，以及
其中，仅采用所提供的冷冻剂来实现对所述末端的加热和冷却。
13.一种冷冻外科系统，包括：
冷冻外科器械，所述冷冻外科器械具有末端；
第一容器，所述第一容器储存气态的冷冻剂；
第二容器，所述第二容器储存液态的冷冻剂；以及
气态冷冻剂加热器，当气态冷冻剂从所述第一容器行进到所述冷冻外科装置时，所述气态冷冻剂加热器对所述气态冷冻剂加热，
其中，当液态冷冻剂行进到所述冷冻外科装置时，所述加热的气态冷冻剂与液态冷冻剂相结合，以及
其中，所述液态冷冻剂和加热的气态冷冻剂协作以对所述末端选择性地加热和/或冷却。
14.一种冷冻外科系统，包括：
冷冻外科器械，所述冷冻外科器械具有末端，所述末端通过加热的气态冷冻剂来加热，并通过液态冷冻剂来冷却；
用于供给气相的冷冻剂的装置；
用于供给液相的冷冻剂的装置；
用于将所提供的气态冷冻剂和所提供的液态冷冻剂混合在一起的装置，以将两相冷冻剂递送到所述冷冻外科器械，所述两相冷冻剂包括液相和气相的冷冻剂；以及
用于选择性地加热所述气态冷冻剂的装置。
CN201180022782.3A 2010-05-12 2011-04-08 采用单冷冻剂的冷冻外科器械的加热和冷却 Active CN103079487B (zh)

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