CN103077698B - A kind of High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument - Google Patents

A kind of High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument Download PDF

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CN103077698B
CN103077698B CN201310009550.5A CN201310009550A CN103077698B CN 103077698 B CN103077698 B CN 103077698B CN 201310009550 A CN201310009550 A CN 201310009550A CN 103077698 B CN103077698 B CN 103077698B
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CN103077698A (en
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刘慧敏
姜训勇
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Tianjin University of Technology
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Abstract

A kind of High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument.Main method: the standard pronunciation signal sent by musical instrument to obtain the intensity of relation between the composition of spectral characteristic Plays voice frequency and each humorous Boeing composition and each humorous Boeing by the time domain specification of sound signal through the computing of signal operation control module, obtain the testing result of instrument tamber by musical instrument more to be checked and the time domain specification of standard instrument and the difference of spectral characteristic with this, result is sent to result display unit.User can adopt adjustment according to testing result or optimize the performance of measured musical instrument, finds and improves one's methods accordingly, can be used for the tone color conveniently identifying musical instrument used.It comprises power supply, audio data input unit, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module, result display unit.It is high, easy to use, intuitively accurate that the present invention has measuring accuracy, can be used for the pitching instrument of various musical instrument, organ stop, metronome etc.A kind of method is reliably provided for instrument tamber detects.

Description

A kind of High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument
Technical field
The invention belongs to the detection technique field of musical instrument, be specifically related to a kind of High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument.
Background technology
Tone color is the sense quality of the characteristic of sound, sound, is the qualitative characteristics of musical sound; A kind of tone quality can not come in two all identical to pitch, loudness of a sound and duration of a sound ranges of sound.Each different musical instrument, because production run is different or manufactured materials is different, its tone color of same musical instrument made also is distinguished to some extent, because their sound of sending is except a fundamental tone, also have the humorous Boeing of many different frequencies adjoint, these humorous Boeing act on the auditory system of people just, and people's ear is analyzed these harmonic wave voice frequencies, synthesize the sensation finally generating different tone color in the brain, and it is the sound that different musical instruments sends that people can be picked out.
People's ear mainly through analyze sound harmonic wave series of sound structure and time state (the flashy state of musical sound from noiseless to sound) identify tone color.The tuning of usual each kind musical instrument or accordatura are all that the professional's (as tuner teacher, adjusting stringed-instrument player, golden ear) screwed up discipline by veteran process has come.But so larger human factor is existed to the tuning of musical instrument or accordatura, be difficult to the accuracy ensureing tuning, sometimes also can there is error or illusion, and for amateur, just more cannot identify the tone color of musical instrument accurately.Frequency meter or pitching instrument is adopted to come accordatura or tuning although also have, as ZL200610032982.8 pitching instrument, single-chip microcomputer means are adopted to detect, but be all compare by the standard frequency of collection fundamental tone or detect, the result recorded comprehensively can not reflect the tone color that musical instrument sends, and therefore, Detection results is not very desirable, very high precision can not be reached, need other supplementary meanss to supplement toward contact.
Summary of the invention
The Detection results that the present invention seeks to solve existing musical instrument detection means is not bery desirable, very high-precision problem can not be reached, a kind of High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument is provided, with the needs of satisfied production in enormous quantities high-quality musical instrument, also the detection method of efficient quick can be provided for musical instrument worker and user.
High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument provided by the invention comprises:
1st step, the standard pronunciation signal that standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked send is input to audio data input unit, sound signal is converted to electric signal; Subsequently this signal is sent into signal gathering unit and carry out sampling processing, transfer simulating signal to digital signal, and stored in data storage cell.
2nd step, at signal operation control module by calling the data time-domain signal of the audio frequency in data storage cell described in the 1st step, carry out frequency spectrum parsing, the time domain specification of sound signal standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked sent obtains corresponding spectral characteristic through the process of mathematical operation Fourier transform, resolve the intensity level of above-mentioned audio signal frequency spectrum characteristic Plays voice frequency and the constituent of each harmonic wave series of sound, mutual relation and each humorous Boeing, then its result is delivered to data storage cell.
3rd step, the audible spectrum data in data storage cell described in the 2nd step are called in signal operation control module compare analysis, and set corresponding error range, then the relation between the constituent of standard of comparison musical instrument and instrumental audio signal spectrum data Plays voice frequency to be checked, each harmonic wave series of sound and each harmonic wave series of sound, the difference of the value of loudness of a sound is also compared signal in the audio time domain signal of data storage cell in the 1st step and to be grown out of nothing the difference of change, by the result that compares stored in data storage cell.
4th, the musical instrument to be checked after being resolved by signal operation control module by result display unit and the time domain specification of the spectral characteristic of standard instrument and the standard pronunciation of musical instrument to be checked and standard instrument are recalled respectively and show from the data storage cell described in the 1st step and the 2nd step, and the result that the spectral characteristic of the musical instrument to be checked in the 3rd step data storage unit after relatively and standard instrument and time domain specification are distinguished shown, thus realize the detection of instrument tamber to be checked.
Can adjustment be adopted according to testing result or optimize the performance of measured musical instrument, find and improve one's methods accordingly, conveniently identify the tone color of musical instrument used with this.
Described tone color accurate detecting method is completed by following concrete device, and as shown in Figure 1, this device comprises: power supply, audio data input unit, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module and result display unit; Described audio data input unit is connection signal collecting unit and data storage cell successively, data storage cell is bi-directionally connected signal operation control module, signal operation control module is connected with result display unit again, and audio data input unit, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module are connected power supply with result display unit simultaneously;
Described audio data input unit, mainly completes the conversion of sound signal and electric signal, and the main complete pair signals of signal gathering unit carries out sample quantization; Data storage cell mainly completes the time-domain signal of self-frequency signal input unit, the signal sampling result of signal gathering unit and signal operation control module and carries out frequency spectrum parsing and Frequency spectrum ratio compared with the storage with time domain comparison operation result, signal operation control module carries out frequency spectrum parsing and the spectral characteristic of musical instrument more to be checked and standard instrument and the difference of time domain specification, and result display unit shows the spectral characteristic of musical instrument to be checked and standard instrument and time domain specification and final comparative analysis result.
Principle of the present invention
Say above remarkable ear mainly through analyze sound harmonic wave series of sound structure and time state (the flashy state of musical sound from noiseless to sound) identify tone color.If the sound signal that musical instrument sends is transformed into frequency domain from time domain and just can finds except standard pronunciation frequency, also there are some humorous Boeing compositions.Such as, the frequency of the c1 key on piano is 261.6Hz, and so this sound also has the humorous Boeing with lower frequency: 523.2Hz, 784.8Hz, 1046Hz, 1308Hz, 1570Hz, 1831Hz, 2093Hz, 2354Hz, 2616Hz, 2878Hz, 3139Hz.The similarities and differences of each instrument tamber are mainly determined by three factors of humorous Boeing: to be the intensity, three of each humorous Boeing be between each harmonic wave series of sound relation that is the constituent, two of humorous Boeing, i.e. the frequency ratio of each humorous Boeing.If the quantity of humorous Boeing is different, the sympathetic meeting of tone color is variant; If the quantity of humorous Boeing is identical, but the strength relationship difference between each humorous Boeing, tone color also can change.Therefore the standard pronunciation signal sent by musical instrument carries out electrical signal collection, then to carrying out frequency spectrum parsing in the frequency domain characteristic of the signal collected, obtain respective standard voice frequency and each humorous Boeing composition, mutual relationship, each these spectral characteristics of harmonic wave loudness of a sound angle value, state when also can be risen accordingly according to the time domain specification being input to sound signal for the purpose of accurately, the difference of musical instrument more to be measured and set standard instrument spectral characteristic and time domain specification, musical instrument worker adopts adjustment or optimizes the performance of measured musical instrument accordingly, find and improve one's methods accordingly, the spectral characteristic of the standard pronunciation signal sent and time domain specification is made to reach satisfied effect.Musical instrument user also can adopt the method conveniently to identify the tone color tonequality of musical instrument used, can greatly reduce like this in the tuning of musical instrument or accordatura process and there is larger human factor, reduces error, the convenient tone color detecting musical instrument accurately.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
The present invention can improve the work efficiency of musical instrument worker musical instrument tone color, also substantially increases the accuracy that instrument tamber detects, for musical instrument user provides convenient and swift accurate detection method.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the pick-up unit theory diagram that the inventive method uses.
Fig. 2 is the implementing procedure of the inventive method.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument provided by the invention, the method is that the time domain specification of sound signal standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked sent obtains corresponding spectral characteristic through the process of mathematical operation Fourier transform, resolve standard pronunciation frequency and the constituent of each harmonic wave series of sound and the intensity level of relation and each humorous Boeing, the spectral characteristic of the sound signal that standard of comparison musical instrument and musical instrument to be checked send and time domain specification, thus the tone color difference obtaining standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked.The device that the method uses comprises: power supply, audio data input unit, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module and result display unit; Described audio data input unit is connection signal collecting unit and data storage cell successively, data storage cell is bi-directionally connected signal operation control module, signal operation control module is connected with result display unit again, and audio data input unit, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module are connected power supply with result display unit simultaneously;
The detailed process of High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument provided by the invention comprises:
Embodiment 1
1st step
We are to carry out tone color high precision test to piano, and first whole system powers on, and power-supply system adopts outside independently-powered with the dirigibility improving this device, as adopted a few joint No.5 cell, d-c transformer also can be adopted to power through transformation.Such as using certain domestic piano as standard instrument, press its f3 key, the sound signal sent by this key is passed through as non-direction microphone or is adopted the microphone that some noise robustness are good, sound signal is inputted, sound signal is changed into electric signal, 44.1K sample frequency can be adopted in the present embodiment, this electric signal is sent into and is carried out sampling processing (can change sample frequency and the quantization digit of signals selected collecting unit to change precision according to actual needs) by the signal gathering unit that 16bit quantizes, transfer simulating signal to digital signal, and stored in data storage cell.Then under same environment, the sound signal that the f3 key of musical instrument to be checked sends is carried out data acquisition and sampling processing, stored in data storage cell in the same way.
2nd step
Computing machine or FPGA or the instrument such as single-chip microcomputer or virtual instrument all can carry out frequency spectrum and resolve and the comparison of spectral characteristic and time domain specification, therefore signal operation control module can select above instrument as required, in the sound signal of signal operation control module by the standard instrument piano f3 key in data storage cell in the 1st step, carry out frequency spectrum parsing, the time domain specification of the sound signal sent by f3 key obtains corresponding spectral characteristic through the process of mathematical operation Fourier transform, the frequency of following information and f3 key can be comprised in the spectral characteristic of f3 key, each harmonic wave series of sound, between relation, the intensity level of each humorous Boeing, we can show that spectral characteristic such as the fundamental frequency that f3 key pressed by certain piano is 176.8Hz, intensity is-46dB, second harmonic frequency is 355Hz, intensity is-50dB, third harmonic frequencies is 531.9Hz, intensity is-52dB, four-time harmonic frequency is 709.8Hz, intensity is-48dB ...., approximate integer ratio relationship and 1:2:3:4 is formed between each harmonic wave series of sound ... above analysis result is delivered to data storage cell store, and the data storage cell sound intermediate frequency signal of the 1st step that the f3 key of musical instrument to be checked can be sent in the same way carries out frequency spectrum parsing, result is delivered to data storage cell, can increase or reduce the quantity of higher harmonic component according to actual needs, it is more that harmonic components is analyzed, precision is higher.
3rd step
Data after the audible spectrum parsing standard instrument stored in data storage cell in 2nd step and musical instrument f3 key to be checked sent are called in signal operation control module and are compared analysis, and set corresponding error range, then criterion musical instrument and instrumental audio signal spectrum data Plays voice frequency to be checked, the constituent of each harmonic wave series of sound, relation, the difference of the value of loudness of a sound, whether the composition of harmonic wave series of sound as each in frequency spectrum is consistent or within the scope of certain error, whether the component relationship of each harmonic wave series of sound meets the requirements, whether the loudness of a sound of each harmonic wave series of sound or the appointment harmonic wave series of sound meets the requirements, by the result that compares all stored in data storage cell.
Next the sound signal that the standard instrument stored in data storage cell in the 1st step and musical instrument f3 key to be checked send is called in signal operation control module compares analysis, and set corresponding error range, then difference such as the time-domain signal of the time-domain signal of criterion musical instrument and instrumental audio signal to be checked grows out of nothing required time, or from without reaching difference between the information such as maximal value required time, by the result that compares all stored in data storage cell.
4th step
By adopting LCD(liquid crystal display) etc. display terminal as a result display unit signal operation control module is resolved after musical instrument to be checked and time domain specification in the spectral characteristic of standard instrument and audio data input unit recall from the data storage cell described in the 1st step and the 2nd step respectively and show, show, oscillogram can be adopted to show result, also the method that numerical value shows can be adopted, specifically can set according to demand, and these results are shown in the 3rd step data storage unit through the result of the musical instrument to be checked that compares and the spectral characteristic of standard instrument and the difference of time domain specification, thus realize the detection of instrument tamber to be checked.
Embodiment 2
1st step
We carry out tone color high precision test for violin below, first whole system powers on, after power supply using certain violin as standard instrument, a point bow is adopted to play the empty string of E string, by the sound signal that sends by microphone, sound signal is inputted, sound signal is changed into electric signal, simulating signal is transferred to digital signal as shown in the 1st step in embodiment 1, and stored in data storage cell.Then under same environment, adopted by violin the empty string of spiccato E string to send sound signal in the same way carry out data acquisition and sampling processing, stored in data storage cell.
2nd step
Violin in data storage cell in the present embodiment the 1st step divides bow to play the sound signal of the empty string of E string by the signal operation control module shown in the 2nd step in embodiment 1, carry out frequency spectrum parsing, the time domain specification point bow being played the sound signal sent of the empty string of E string obtains corresponding spectral characteristic through the process of mathematical operation Fourier transform, point bow play the empty string of E string spectral characteristic in can comprise following information namely divide bow play the empty string of E string frequency, each harmonic wave series of sound, between relation, the intensity level of each humorous Boeing, above analysis result is delivered to data storage cell store, and the data storage cell sound intermediate frequency signal of the 1st step sent of empty for the spiccato E string of violin string can be carried out frequency spectrum parsing in the same way, result is delivered to data storage cell.
3rd step
Data after the audible spectrum parsing being divided by the violin stored in data storage cell in the present embodiment the 2nd step bow performance and the empty string of spiccato E string to send are called in signal operation control module and are compared analysis, then judge that violin divides bow to play and spiccato E string empty-chord sound signal spectrum data Plays voice frequency frequently, the constituent of each harmonic wave series of sound, relation, the difference of the value of loudness of a sound, bow performance and the frequent spectral property of spiccato E string empty-chord sound is divided to there is certain difference, as their each harmonic wave audio component constituent as in, the difference of high frequency is more obvious, and the intensity of each harmonic wave series of sound is different, by the result that compares all stored in data storage cell.
Next the violin stored in data storage cell in the present embodiment the 1st step is adopted the sound signal that point bow is played and the empty string of spiccato E string sends, call in signal operation control module, according to the information of its time-domain signal, we can select the information of the time-domain signal obtaining standard instrument violin to be that status information is vibrated and started from scratch to amplitude peak time used when rising accordingly, what can draw point bow performance is about 0.2 second, equally also can obtain spiccato rise time status information be 0.05 second, these data are compared analysis, time difference when then judging that namely the difference of the time-domain signal of point bow performance and spiccato E string empty-chord sound frequency signal rises, by the result that compares all stored in data storage cell.
4th step
By adopting LCD(liquid crystal display) etc. display terminal as a result display unit signal operation control module is resolved after the audio signal frequency spectrum characteristic that violin adopts point bow to play and spiccato E string sky string sends and time domain specification in audio data input unit recall from the data storage cell described in the 1st step and the 2nd step respectively, carry out showing with figure intuitively and also can carry out numerical value display according to the actual requirements, also the result of the difference of the spectral characteristic compared from the 3rd step data storage unit and time domain specification can be shown, thus realize the detection that the different skill and technique of this violin produces different tone colors.
The present invention can carry out tone color to different musical instrument and detects and also can detect the different tone colors that the different skill and technique of identical musical instrument produces as can be seen here.
Be described above embodiment, after describing invention Spirit Essence of the present invention, specific embodiments can adopt different implementation methods according to actual conditions, form equivalents, do not depart from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument, is characterized in that this detection method is the method for spectral characteristic based on tone color and time domain specification, specifically comprises:
1st step, the standard pronunciation signal that standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked send is input to the electric signal that audio data input unit obtains audio frequency, subsequently this signal is sent into signal gathering unit and carry out sampling processing, and stored in data storage cell;
2nd step, at signal operation control module by calling the data-signal from signal gathering unit in the 1st step data storage unit, carry out frequency spectrum parsing, the time domain specification of sound signal standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked sent obtains corresponding spectral characteristic through the process of mathematical operation Fourier transform, resolve the constituent of above-mentioned audio signal frequency spectrum characteristic Plays voice frequency and each harmonic wave series of sound and the intensity level of relation and each humorous Boeing, then its result is delivered to data storage cell;
3rd step, the audible spectrum data in data storage cell described in the 2nd step are called in signal operation control module compare analysis, and set corresponding error range, then the relation between the constituent of standard of comparison musical instrument and instrumental audio signal spectrum data Plays voice frequency to be checked, each harmonic wave series of sound and each harmonic wave series of sound, the difference of loudness of a sound value is also compared signal in the audio time domain signal of data storage cell in the 1st step and to be grown out of nothing the difference of change, by the result that compares stored in data storage cell;
4th step, by result display unit, signal operation control module is resolved after musical instrument to be checked and the time domain specification that inputted by audio data input unit of the spectral characteristic of standard instrument and the standard pronunciation of musical instrument to be checked and standard instrument recall from the data storage cell described in the 1st step and the 2nd step respectively and show, and the result of passing through the musical instrument to be checked and spectral characteristic of standard instrument and the difference of time-domain signal of comparing in signal operation control module is recalled from the 3rd step data storage unit and shown, thus realize the detection of instrument tamber to be checked;
Described High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument is completed by following concrete device, and this device comprises: power supply, audio data input unit, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module and result display unit; Described audio data input unit is connection signal collecting unit and data storage cell successively, and data storage cell is bi-directionally connected signal operation control module, and signal operation control module is connected with result display unit again; Audio data input unit, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module are connected power supply with result display unit simultaneously;
Described audio data input unit, mainly completes the conversion of sound signal and electric signal, and the main complete pair signals of signal gathering unit carries out sample quantization; Data storage cell mainly complete from the signal sampling result of signal gathering unit and signal operation control module carry out frequency spectrum resolve and Frequency spectrum ratio compared with and the storage of time domain comparison operation result, signal operation control module carries out frequency spectrum parsing and the spectral characteristic of musical instrument more to be checked and standard instrument and the difference of time domain specification, and result display unit shows the spectral characteristic of musical instrument to be checked and standard instrument and time domain specification and final comparative analysis result.
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